高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语Word格式文档下载.docx
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Downjumpstheboy.(主语是theboy,所以用jumps)
Gonearethedays.(主语是thedays,所以用are)
练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线,并说出由什么充当。
1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.
2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.
3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.
4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.
5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.
6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.
7.WhenwearegoingtohaveEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.
8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.
9.Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue.
10.Therecomesthebus.
11.Beyondthevillageliesasmallvillage.
12.Nowcomesyourturn.
考点2.谓语
谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语的构成如下:
A.简单谓语:
由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:
Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.
B.复合谓语:
1由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。
2Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.
3Hehascaughtabadcold.
4Mysisteriscryingoverthere.
5Ihavebeenwaitingforyouallthetime.
6Iwouldstayathomeallday.
7Hashecomeback?
8Hedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday.
9由系动词加表语构成。
系动词不能单独作谓语,要和表语一起作谓语。
10Wearestudents.
11Yourideasoundsgreat.
考点3.表语
表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
练习2.画出下列句中的表语,并说明由什么充当。
1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.
2.Isityours?
3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.
4.Thespeechisexciting.
5.Threetimessevenistwenty-one.
6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.
7.Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.
8.Themachinemustbeunderrepairs.
9.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.
考点4.宾语
宾语由名词性的词充当,表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。
练习3.画出下列句中的宾语,并说明由什么充当。
1.Theyplantedmanytreesyesterday.
2.(Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?
)Ihavefive.
3.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.
4.Iwantedtobuyacar.
5.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.
6.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.
考点5.宾语补足语
宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
换句话说,在意思上,宾语相当于宾补的主语。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:
某些及物动词(如make等)+宾语+宾补。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
练习4.用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语,并指出是什么词充当,同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。
1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.
2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.
3.Letthefreshairin.
4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.
5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.
6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.
7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.
8.Iwantyourhomeworkdoneontime.
考点6.主补
对主语的补充。
含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态,宾语作主语时,原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。
Hewaselectedmonitor.
Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.
考点7.定语
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用“……的”表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
在英语中,许多情况下,定语是放在所修饰词后面的,这点与汉语习惯不同,也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。
定语后置常见的有以下几种情况:
A.副词用作定语一般要后置。
Peoplethereareveryfriendly.(那儿的人们)
Hedidn’tlikethemandownstairs.(楼下的那个人)
B.形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前,而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
Thenextmanisascientist.
Themannexttomeisascientist.(我旁边的那个人)
C.介词短语作定语时要后置。
TheboyunderthetreeisTom.(树下的那个男孩)
ThetallestboyinourclassisJohn.(我们班最高的那个男孩)
D.现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常后置。
Ihavesomethingtosay.(直译:
我有要说的话)
Theboycryingoverthereismyclassmate.
(在那边哭的那个男孩)
Thehousebuiltlastyearisimpressive.
(去年建的那座房子)
练习5.口头翻译下列句子,用下划线标出定语部分,留意定语的位置,并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。
1.TheletteronthedeskisforMr.Wu.
2.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishismother.
3.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.
4.Shecarriedabasketfullofeggs.
5.It’sabookworthnomorethanonedollar.
6.It’sacityfarfromthecoast.
7.Hehasmoneyenoughtobuyacar.
8.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.
9.Therearelotsofplacesofinterestneedingrepairinginourcity.
10.Tigersbelongingtomeat-eatinganimalsfeedonmeat.
11.AboycallinghimselfJohnwantedtoseeyou.
12.Hepickedupawalletlyingonthegroundonthewaybackhome.
13.Therearemanyclothestobewashed.
14.MostofthesingersinvitedtothepartywerefromAmerica.
15.Thenthegreatdaycamewhenhewastomarchpastthepalaceintheteam.
考点8.状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫作状语。
Hewritescarefully.Hewalksslowly.
(认真地写,慢慢地走,修饰动词用副词,作状语)
Thismaterialisenvironmentallyfriendly.
(修饰形容词用副词,作状语)
Herunsveryslowly.
(修饰副词slowly,因此very是副词,作状语)
Unfortunately,helostallofhismoney.
(修饰整个句子用副词,作状语)
A.几个并列状语的先后顺序:
方式→地点→时间
一个句中有几个并列状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是:
方式→地点→时间。
Ifoundalostpenoutsideourschoolyesterdaymorning.
Hewaswalkingslowlyoutsidetheparkatthatmoment.
B.英语中时间状语、地点状语的排列一般是从小到大
先写时间,再写上/下午,再写星期几,再写几月几号。
最后写几几年。
Iinvitedhimtowatchamovieat5.onThursday,August28th,2015.
Iwasbornat6.,March16,2000.
Helivesat?
1120Green?
Street,London.
C.频度副词often,always,usually,sometimes,never等在句中要放在情态动词、系动词、助动词之后,实义动词之前。
Youcannevertellwhathewilldo.
Heisoftenlate.
Heisalwayshelpingothers.
Heoftencamelate.
D.状语按意义分类
在句子成分中,主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认,如果这几个成分都不是,那很可能就是状语了。
因此,状语的种类很多,可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。
练习6.指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。
1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?
2.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.
3.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecause
4.oftherain.
5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.
6.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.
7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustwork
8.harder.
9.Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesvery
10.interestedinbusiness.
11.Theboyneedsapenverymuch.
12.Theboyreallyneedsapen.
10.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.
11.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.
12.Iamtallerthanheis.
13.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.
14.OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.
15.Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsa
pen.
考点9.同位语
同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词,对前者加以说明,近乎于后置定语。
Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批“学生”)
It’sgoodtousstudents.
练习7.画出下列句中的同位语。
1.Theyoungman,mybrother,worksintheoffice.
2.OurEnglishteacher,Mrs.Wang,oftenhelpsuswithstudy.
3.They,somerailwayworkers,arebusyrepairingthetrain.
I.单句改错
根据所学主语相关内容,改正下列句中的错误。
1.Beyondthemountainslieasmallvillage.
2.GoneisthedayswhenIhadtogotoschoolonfoot.
3.Playbasketballismyfavoritesport.
4.GiveupEnglishisnotanoption.
5.Bydoingpart-timejobscanhelpthemgainsocialexperience.
6.Withoutafriendwillfeellonely.
II.语法填空(每空至多填三词)
7.Theyplanned______(take)twodaysoffnextweek.
8.Hepracticed______(speak)Englisheveryday.
9.Here______(be)yourbooks.
10.Onthewall______(hang)twopictures.
III.写作技能提升
A.注意句子主语的形式。
11.在我看来,早睡早起将对我们的健康有好处。
(inmyopinion,getupearly,gotobedearly,doalotofgoodto,ourhealth)
12.他这次考试不及格使他不高兴。
(hefailedtheexam,make,upset)
13.在那两座高楼之间,矗立着我们教学楼。
(betweenthetwotallbuildings,stand,teachingbuilding)
14.我们现在正在学的知识对我们将来的生活和工作都很有帮助。
(whatwearelearningnow,beofgreathelpto,ourlifeandwork,inthefuture)
B.用形容词作后置定语。
15.你认识Tom旁边的那个人吗?
(know,nextto)
16.尽早把他送到距你家最近的医院。
(send…to,nearestto,assoonaspossible)
17.我们有一个能容下3000学生用餐的餐厅。
(dininghall,largeenough,hold)
C.注意状语的顺序。
18.那时他正在教室内认真地写作业。
(dohishomework,intheclassroom,carefully,atthatmoment)
19.上周日我们在校园内栽了很多树。
(plantlotsoftrees,intheschoolyard)
20.他昨天在演讲比赛中表现得异常优秀。
(performincrediblywell,speechcontest)
21.我永远不会忘记他那天对我讲的话。
(will,forget,whathetoldme,never)
22.我经常去那家超市。
(frequently,thesupermarket)
23.他总是帮助别人。
(always,helping)
24.我们什么时候都不能那样对待老人。
(never,treatanoldmanlikethat,should)
25.活到老,学到老。
(one,never,toooldtolearn)
答案:
1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)
2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)
3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)
4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式短语)
5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)
6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)
7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)
8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
9.Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue.(主语从句,that不能省略)
10.Therecomesthebus.(副词不能作主语,本句为倒装句,名词thebus作主语)
11.Beyondthevillageliesasmallvillage.(介词短语不能作主语,主语是后面的名词短语)
12.Nowcomesyourturn.(副词不能作主语,主语是后面的名词)
1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)
(代词)
3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)
4.Thespeechisexciting.(分词/形容词,这样的分词已形容词化了)
5.Threetimessevenistwenty-one.(数词)
6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
7.Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)
8.Themachinemustbeunderrepairs.(介词短语)
9.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(从句)
1.Theyplanedmanytreesyesterday.(名词)
)Ihavefive.(数词)
3.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)
4.Iwantedtobuyacar.(不定式短语)
5.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)
6.Ithinkthatheisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)
练习4.用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语,并指出是什么词充当。
1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)
2.Theypaintedtheirbo