专练18 阅读理解之主旨大意题解析版备战届高考英语二轮复习题型专练新高考文档格式.docx
《专练18 阅读理解之主旨大意题解析版备战届高考英语二轮复习题型专练新高考文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《专练18 阅读理解之主旨大意题解析版备战届高考英语二轮复习题型专练新高考文档格式.docx(28页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
②目的类,考查文章或段落的写作目的;
③标题类,要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
◆设问特点
1.考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2.正确选项概况范围大小恰当,主旨判断准确。
3.错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题,主观臆断。
4.常以mainidea,bestidea,subject,mainlydiscuss等词提问。
◆常考问题
1.中心思想类
Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis…
Thepassageismainlyabout…
Thepassagemainlydiscusses…
Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith…?
Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?
2.标题类
Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?
Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe…
3.目的类
Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto…
Thepassageismeantto….
Inwritingthispassage,theauthormainlyintendsto…
【答题技巧】
文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现,有以下五种情况:
1.中心主题句出现在文首
开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。
这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式,即由一般到特殊,先提出观点,后举例论证,主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。
新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。
新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”,“导语”实际上就是主题句,是对全文内容的高度概括。
大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。
【真题再现】
(2020·
天津卷.第二次)Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.
Together,thesedeephumanurges(驱策力)countformuchmorethatambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?
Why?
”
Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.
“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.
Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.
Howshouldyoustart?
Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.
Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?
Mostpeopledon’t;
thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?
That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You’retooold?
RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.
Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.
1.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto________.
A.proposeadefinition
B.makeacomparison
C.reachaconclusion
D.presentanargument
2.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?
A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.
B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.
C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.
D.Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.
3.Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?
A.Observetheunknownaroundyou.
B.Developaquestioningmind.
C.Leadalifeofadventure.
D.Followthefashion.
4.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?
A.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.
B.Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.
C.Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.
D.Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.
5.Whatcouldbethebesttileorthepassage?
A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContented
B.ReflectionsonHumanNature
C.TheKeystoAchievement
D.NeverTooLatetoLearn
【答案】1.D2.D3.B4.C5.C
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。
文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
1.推理判断题。
根据第一段内容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.可知,作者经过多年对人性的观察,认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足,而且两者是相辅相成的。
由此推知,作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。
故选D。
2.推理判断题。
根据第二段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?
”可知,像伽利略一样,历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇,并不满地问:
“为什么?
为什么?
”由此推知,伽利略的例子告诉我们,伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。
3.细节理解题。
”及第四段中的“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.可知,历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇,并不满地问:
”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心,就是伟大的人。
”然而,我们大多数人确实失去了它。
我们不再问问题。
我们不再挑战习俗。
我们只是随大流。
由此可知,你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑,来重新获得好奇心和不满。
故选B。
4.推理判断题。
根据第六段中的Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.及第七段中的Youhaven’tanyspecialability?
That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.以及列举了ThomasCostain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说,GrandmaMoses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。
由此可知,这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。
故选C。
5.主旨大意题。
根据第一段内容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.及下文论述可知,本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
由此可知,C项TheKeystoAchievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。
2.主题句出现在文尾
在细节后,归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果,以概括主题。
这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式,即细节表述的句子在前,概括性的句子居后,主题句则常位于末段。
【真题再现】ThefamousAmericangorilla(大猩猩)expertDianeFosseyhadacompletelynewwaytostudygorillas—shepretendedtobeoneofthem.Shecopiedtheiractionsandwayoflife—eatingplantsandgettingdownonherhandsandkneestowalkthewayagorilladoes.Itwasanewrelationship.
DianeFosseywasmurderedinRwandain1985andherstorywasmadeintothepopularfilmGorillasintheMist.ItwasalongwayfromKingKong,whichisaboutagorillaasamonster(afrighteninganimal),andhelpedtoshowanewidea:
therealmonsterisman,whilethegorillaistobeadmired.
Todaytherearethoughttobearound48,000lowlandgorillasandmaybe400—450mountaingorillasinthewild.FromtheCongoinWestAfrica,toRwandaandUgandafurthereast,theyareendangeredbyhuntingandbythecuttingdownoftheirforesthomes.
Sometimeago,IfoundinmyletterboxalittlemagazinefromtheWorldWideFundforNature.Ithadtwophotossidebyside.Onewasofayounggorilla.“Thisisaspeciesofmammal(哺乳类动物),”saidthewordsbelowit.“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”Theotherphotoshowedahumanbaby.Thewordsalsoread,“Thisisaspeciesofmammal,”butthenwenton:
“Itisthemostdestructive(破坏性的)onearth.Wemustretrainitforitsowngood.”
56.Thetextmainlytalksabout_____.
A.DianeFosseyB.thegorillasinRwanda
C.theprotectionofthegorillasD.thefilmGorillasintheMist
【答案】C
【解析】文章第一段谈到DianeFossey对大猩猩的研究;
第二段谈到根据她的事迹所拍摄的影片;
第三段谈到了大猩猩数量减少的原因;
最后一段谈到保护大猩猩的宣传的措施。
前面三段都是为最后一段做铺垫的,从最后一段的“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood.”可知,最主要的目的还是要人们保护大猩猩。
3.首尾呼应的写作方法
为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。
通常,前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
例如:
Lacrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.
Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.Thegoalisanet.Therearetenplayersoneachteam.Eachplayerhasastickcalled“cross”.Theplayerhitaballintothenetasmanytimesaspossible.Lacrosseisaveryfastgamebecausetheplayerscancatchandpasstheballatahighspeedwiththeirsticks.Playersoftengetgreatfunitplayinglacrosse.
TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthelacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.
AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.
1.Thepassageismainlyabout___________.
A.HowtoPlayLacrosse
B.LacrosseinCanada
C.TheHistoryofLacrosse
D.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada
【答案】D
【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”,显然选项D最符合短文的主题。
4.中心主题隐含在全文之中,没有明确的主题句
阅读这样的文章,就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析,概括出段落的主题,从而推导出文章的主旨。
分析的方法是,先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容,这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系,然后加以归纳形成主题。
该类型的试题则迎刃而解。
全国卷II)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.
PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamount