分论点的五角法则+五种论据方法.docx
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分论点的五角法则+五种论据方法
●回顾议论文的框架结构:
议论文的整体框架:
首段:
1、话题背景句
2、改写话题(一些人的观点)
3、个人观点
主体段落一:
1、主旨句
2、分论点1
3、论据
4、分论点2
5、论据
主体段落二:
1、主旨句
2、分论点1
3、论据
4、分论点2
5、论据
6、分论点三(反驳结构)
7、论据(反驳论据)
三、结尾段
1、总结全文
2、个人观点
3、提出建议和展望
社会类:
1、年轻人(政府职务;unpaidwork;16岁以下上班;替代老人;老人比例多;男人;女人;女人休产假;推迟生孩子)
●分论点五角法则:
HEART
1、Health(physical、mental健康):
2、Efficiency(时间)空间、金钱):
Economy(经济发展、钱);Employment(就业机会的有无);Environment(自然环境;氛围);Education(专业知识的学习;思维能力的提高);Emotion()
3、Ability:
(社交能力;独立性;问题解决)
4、Right(权利:
义务beobligedtodosth(obligation)、责任):
5、Culture:
例题分析:
1、Somepeoplethinkyoungerpeoplearenotsuitableforimportantpositionsinthegovernment.Somethinkitwillbeagoodideaforyoungerpeopletotakethesepositions.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.
延伸到:
老年人、年轻人、男人、女人
2、政府:
学费、艺术家、科学研究、养老、健康生活方式、建博物馆、体育馆、动物园;拯救小语种;控制影视暴力;古建筑;补贴全职妈妈
(1)应该拯救:
权利、义务、价值
levytaxonsb;havetheduty/obligationtodosth;sbbeentitled/privilegedtodosth.;
(2)不应该:
钱;能力;大趋势
havealimitedbudget;
haveavarietyoftaskstofulfill/complete
anunstoppabletrend
somepeoplebelievethatthegovernmentshouldspendmoneyonmeasurestosaveminoritylanguages,whileothersthinkitisawasteofmoney.Discusstwoviewsandgiveyouropinion.
(2)负:
violateone’sright;deprivesboftheirright;denysbtheirright….;shirkoff/neglectone’sresponsibilitytodosth.
(1)正:
experiencethelocal/indigenouscustom/art/history/lifestyleinperson
(2)负:
secondhandinformation;culturalshock
reversedculturalshock
(1)正:
massproduction;conductcalculationwithinlimitedtime;
freefromlimitationsoftimeandspace;theup-to-secondinformation
(2)负:
spendmuchtimedoingsth/betime-consuming/time-wasting
Economy(经济发展/资金):
(1)正:
cost-effective;
(2)负:
consumegreatsums/amountsofmoney;demands/requiresgreatfinancialinvestment;squander/lavish……
Environment:
Employment:
(1)正:
replacesbtoperform/fulfillrisky/dangerouswork/tasks
helpsbtodotiresomehousework,freeingsbsothattheycould
(2)负:
occupythepositionoftheirhumancolleagues,increaseunemploymentrate
Education:
knowledge,intelligence
critical/logic/independent/thinking
Education:
德moralcultivating、智力developingintelligence;
appreciatebeauty;capabilityofdoingsth;independent/logic/divergent/criticalthinking
Emotion:
pessimistic;optimistic
Ethics/moral:
takeadvantageofartificialintelligencetocommitcrimes:
embezzlement;fake
(1)
(2)负:
increaseone’sreliance/dependenceuponsth,
deprivesboftheirabilityto….
theonlyagencywhichhastherightto
makelaws/levytaxesonitscitizens
revenue:
budget…..subsidy/financialsupport/investment
(1)应该拯救补贴:
financesth.:
ithastheduty/responsibility/obligationtodo;事物的各种价值
让步:
耗钱是事实;但是,对比其他重大任务,它的花费不会占用很大的财政资源
(2)不应该补贴:
预算有限;很多任务去完成;这些任务耗费财政资源更多;applylimitedbudgettothefieldswhichcanbring/harvestimmediatebenefits;对……不公平或者寻求其他的资金来源
让步:
价值、意义、必要、优点
表述正向信息的词汇:
动词:
benefit,contributeto,conduceto,profit,promote,enhance,intensify,boom,boost,prosper,protect,preserve,save,rescue,accelerate,speedup,perfect,improve,advance,develop,progress,upgrade,alleviate,release,relax,ease,relieve
名词:
benefit,merit,advantage,strength,strongpoint,positive,upside,brightside,contribution,improvement,prosperity,progress,advance,improvement,development,sophistication
形容词:
beneficial,conduciveto,significant,meaningful,essential,crucial,vital,far-reaching,profound,irreplaceable,indispensable,pivotal,positive,bright,necessary,paramount,fundamental
表述负向信息的词汇:
动词:
damage,impair,harm,jeopardise,destruct,undermine,degrade,distract,disrupt,interrupt,slowdown,limit,restrict,block,impede,endanger,threaten,worsen,aggravate,deteriorate
名词:
drawback,disadvantage,demerit,weakness,weakpoint,downside,negative,darkside,problem,danger,threat,damage,impair,harm,destruction,degradation,distraction,disruption,erosion,interruption,limitation,restriction,
形容词:
negative,harmful,detrimental,pernicious,destroying,erosive,negative,disadvantageous,damaging
句型一:
句型二:
句型三:
句型四:
句型五:
句型六:
●论据法:
1、分类法/列举法(2-3点分论点)
分类法论证,是指在一段主体段落中,一个主旨句/论点句后面要分几个不同的角度加以阐述时,所划分出来的几个点。
1)信号词
首先:
其次:
second,secondly,inthesecondplace,foranother
asecond,afurtheranotherpoint,reason/effect/advantageis...
itshouldalso/furtherbenotedthat...
另外:
and,next,also,too,inaddition,additionally,moreover,besides,furthermore,notonly...butalso...,alongwith,what'smore
Anotherconcernisteenagersmaybeledastraywhentheydoapart-timejob.
第三:
third,thirdly
最后:
atlast,finally
2)实例
Tobeginwith,throughpart-timejobs,teenagerscangainsomeincomesandthisoftenhelpstorelievetheirparents’financialburdens.
Besides,takingupapart-timejob,moreoftenthannot,benefitsteenagerstodevelopcertainimportantqualitiesorabilities.