分论点的五角法则+五种论据方法.docx

1、分论点的五角法则+五种论据方法 回顾议论文的框架结构：议论文的整体框架：首段：1、话题背景句2、改写话题（一些人的观点）3、个人观点主体段落一：1、主旨句2、分论点13、论据4、分论点25、论据主体段落二：1、主旨句2、分论点13、论据4、分论点25、论据6、分论点三（反驳结构）7、论据（反驳论据）三、结尾段1、总结全文2、个人观点3、提出建议和展望社会类：1、 年轻人（政府职务；unpaid work；16岁以下上班；替代老人；老人比例多；男人；女人；女人休产假；推迟生孩子） 分论点五角法则：HEART1、Health（physical、mental健康）:2、Efficiency（时间）空

2、间、金钱）: Economy（经济发展、钱）; Employment（就业机会的有无）; Environment（自然环境；氛围）; Education（专业知识的学习；思维能力的提高）; Emotion（）3、Ability：(社交能力；独立性；问题解决)4、Right（权利：义务be obliged to do sth(obligation)、责任）：5、Culture：例题分析：1、 Some people think younger people are not suitable for important positions in the government. Some think

3、 it will be a good idea for younger people to take these positions. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.延伸到：老年人、年轻人、男人、女人2、 政府：学费、艺术家、科学研究、养老、健康生活方式、建博物馆、体育馆、动物园；拯救小语种；控制影视暴力；古建筑;补贴全职妈妈（1） 应该拯救：权利、义务、价值levy tax on sb; have the duty/ obligation to do sth; sb be entitled/privileged to do sth.

4、 ; (2) 不应该：钱；能力；大趋势have a limited budget;have a variety of tasks to fulfill/completean unstoppable trend some people believe that the government should spend money on measures to save minority languages, while others think it is a waste of money. Discuss two views and give your opinion. （2）负：violate

5、 ones right; deprive sb of their right; deny sb their right.; shirk offneglect ones responsibility to do sth.（1）正：experience the local/indigenous custom/art/history/lifestyle in person（2）负：second hand information; cultural shockreversed cultural shock（1）正：mass production; conduct calculation within

6、limited time; free from limitations of time and space; the up-to-second information（2）负：spend much time doing sth/be time-consuming/time-wastingEconomy（经济发展资金）: （1）正：cost-effective; （2）负：consume great sums/amounts of money; demands/requires great financial investment; squander/lavishEnvironment: Emp

7、loyment: （1）正：replace sb to perform/fulfill risky/dangerous work/taskshelp sb to do tiresome housework, freeing sb so that they could（2）负：occupy the position of their human colleagues, increase unemployment rateEducation: knowledge，intelligencecritical/logic/independent/ thinkingEducation：德moral cul

8、tivating、智力developing intelligence; appreciate beauty; capability of doing sth; independent/logic/divergent/critical thinkingEmotion：pessimistic; optimisticEthicsmoral: take advantage of artificial intelligence to commit crimes: embezzlement; fake（1）（2）负： increase ones reliance/dependence upon sth,d

9、eprive sb of their ability to .the only agency which has the right tomake laws/levy taxes on its citizensrevenue: budget.subsidy/financial support/investment(1) 应该拯救补贴：finance sth.: it has the duty/responsibility/obligation to do; 事物的各种价值让步：耗钱是事实；但是，对比其他重大任务，它的花费不会占用很大的财政资源(2) 不应该补贴：预算有限；很多任务去完成；这些任

10、务耗费财政资源更多；apply limited budget to the fields which can bring/harvest immediate benefits; 对不公平或者寻求其他的资金来源让步：价值、意义、必要、优点表述正向信息的词汇：动词：benefit, contribute to, conduce to, profit, promote, enhance, intensify, boom, boost, prosper, protect, preserve, save, rescue, accelerate, speed up, perfect, improve, a

11、dvance, develop, progress, upgrade, alleviate, release, relax, ease, relieve名词：benefit, merit, advantage, strength, strong point, positive, upside, bright side, contribution, improvement, prosperity, progress, advance, improvement, development, sophistication形容词：beneficial, conducive to, significant

12、, meaningful, essential, crucial, vital, far-reaching, profound, irreplaceable, indispensable, pivotal, positive, bright, necessary, paramount, fundamental表述负向信息的词汇：动词：damage, impair, harm, jeopardise, destruct, undermine, degrade, distract, disrupt, interrupt, slow down, limit, restrict, block, imp

13、ede, endanger, threaten, worsen, aggravate, deteriorate名词：drawback, disadvantage, demerit, weakness, weak point, downside, negative, dark side, problem, danger, threat, damage, impair, harm, destruction, degradation, distraction, disruption, erosion, interruption, limitation, restriction, 形容词：negati

14、ve, harmful, detrimental, pernicious, destroying, erosive, negative, disadvantageous, damaging句型一：句型二：句型三：句型四：句型五：句型六： 论据法：1、分类法列举法（2-3点分论点）分类法论证，是指在一段主体段落中，一个主旨句/论点句后面要分几个不同的角度加以阐述时，所划分出来的几个点。1）信号词首先：其次：second,secondly,in the second place,for another a second,a further another point,reason/effect/a

15、dvantage is. it should also/further be noted that.另外：and,next,also,too,in addition,additionally,moreover,besides,furthermore, not only.but also., along with, whats more Another concern is teenagers may be led astray when they do a part-time job.第三：third,thirdly最后：at last,finally2）实例 To begin with, through part-time jobs, teenagers can gain some incomes and this often helps to relieve their parents financial burdens. Besides, taking up a part-time job, more often than not, benefits teenagers to develop certain important qualities or abilities.