1、分论点的五角法则+五种论据方法 回顾议论文的框架结构:议论文的整体框架:首段:1、话题背景句2、改写话题(一些人的观点)3、个人观点主体段落一:1、主旨句2、分论点13、论据4、分论点25、论据主体段落二:1、主旨句2、分论点13、论据4、分论点25、论据6、分论点三(反驳结构)7、论据(反驳论据)三、结尾段1、总结全文2、个人观点3、提出建议和展望社会类:1、 年轻人(政府职务;unpaid work;16岁以下上班;替代老人;老人比例多;男人;女人;女人休产假;推迟生孩子) 分论点五角法则:HEART1、Health(physical、mental健康):2、Efficiency(时间)空
2、间、金钱): Economy(经济发展、钱); Employment(就业机会的有无); Environment(自然环境;氛围); Education(专业知识的学习;思维能力的提高); Emotion()3、Ability:(社交能力;独立性;问题解决)4、Right(权利:义务be obliged to do sth(obligation)、责任):5、Culture:例题分析:1、 Some people think younger people are not suitable for important positions in the government. Some think
3、 it will be a good idea for younger people to take these positions. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.延伸到:老年人、年轻人、男人、女人2、 政府:学费、艺术家、科学研究、养老、健康生活方式、建博物馆、体育馆、动物园;拯救小语种;控制影视暴力;古建筑;补贴全职妈妈(1) 应该拯救:权利、义务、价值levy tax on sb; have the duty/ obligation to do sth; sb be entitled/privileged to do sth.
4、 ; (2) 不应该:钱;能力;大趋势have a limited budget;have a variety of tasks to fulfill/completean unstoppable trend some people believe that the government should spend money on measures to save minority languages, while others think it is a waste of money. Discuss two views and give your opinion. (2)负:violate
5、 ones right; deprive sb of their right; deny sb their right.; shirk offneglect ones responsibility to do sth.(1)正:experience the local/indigenous custom/art/history/lifestyle in person(2)负:second hand information; cultural shockreversed cultural shock(1)正:mass production; conduct calculation within
6、limited time; free from limitations of time and space; the up-to-second information(2)负:spend much time doing sth/be time-consuming/time-wastingEconomy(经济发展资金): (1)正:cost-effective; (2)负:consume great sums/amounts of money; demands/requires great financial investment; squander/lavishEnvironment: Emp
7、loyment: (1)正:replace sb to perform/fulfill risky/dangerous work/taskshelp sb to do tiresome housework, freeing sb so that they could(2)负:occupy the position of their human colleagues, increase unemployment rateEducation: knowledge,intelligencecritical/logic/independent/ thinkingEducation:德moral cul
8、tivating、智力developing intelligence; appreciate beauty; capability of doing sth; independent/logic/divergent/critical thinkingEmotion:pessimistic; optimisticEthicsmoral: take advantage of artificial intelligence to commit crimes: embezzlement; fake(1)(2)负: increase ones reliance/dependence upon sth,d
9、eprive sb of their ability to .the only agency which has the right tomake laws/levy taxes on its citizensrevenue: budget.subsidy/financial support/investment(1) 应该拯救补贴:finance sth.: it has the duty/responsibility/obligation to do; 事物的各种价值让步:耗钱是事实;但是,对比其他重大任务,它的花费不会占用很大的财政资源(2) 不应该补贴:预算有限;很多任务去完成;这些任
10、务耗费财政资源更多;apply limited budget to the fields which can bring/harvest immediate benefits; 对不公平或者寻求其他的资金来源让步:价值、意义、必要、优点表述正向信息的词汇:动词:benefit, contribute to, conduce to, profit, promote, enhance, intensify, boom, boost, prosper, protect, preserve, save, rescue, accelerate, speed up, perfect, improve, a
11、dvance, develop, progress, upgrade, alleviate, release, relax, ease, relieve名词:benefit, merit, advantage, strength, strong point, positive, upside, bright side, contribution, improvement, prosperity, progress, advance, improvement, development, sophistication形容词:beneficial, conducive to, significant
12、, meaningful, essential, crucial, vital, far-reaching, profound, irreplaceable, indispensable, pivotal, positive, bright, necessary, paramount, fundamental表述负向信息的词汇:动词:damage, impair, harm, jeopardise, destruct, undermine, degrade, distract, disrupt, interrupt, slow down, limit, restrict, block, imp
13、ede, endanger, threaten, worsen, aggravate, deteriorate名词:drawback, disadvantage, demerit, weakness, weak point, downside, negative, dark side, problem, danger, threat, damage, impair, harm, destruction, degradation, distraction, disruption, erosion, interruption, limitation, restriction, 形容词:negati
14、ve, harmful, detrimental, pernicious, destroying, erosive, negative, disadvantageous, damaging句型一:句型二:句型三:句型四:句型五:句型六: 论据法:1、分类法列举法(2-3点分论点)分类法论证,是指在一段主体段落中,一个主旨句/论点句后面要分几个不同的角度加以阐述时,所划分出来的几个点。1)信号词首先:其次:second,secondly,in the second place,for another a second,a further another point,reason/effect/a
15、dvantage is. it should also/further be noted that.另外:and,next,also,too,in addition,additionally,moreover,besides,furthermore, not only.but also., along with, whats more Another concern is teenagers may be led astray when they do a part-time job.第三:third,thirdly最后:at last,finally2)实例 To begin with, through part-time jobs, teenagers can gain some incomes and this often helps to relieve their parents financial burdens. Besides, taking up a part-time job, more often than not, benefits teenagers to develop certain important qualities or abilities.
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