LogGP in theory and practiceAn indepth analysis of modern interconnection networks.docx

LogGP in theory and practiceAn indepth analysis of modern interconnection networks.docx

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LogGPintheoryandpracticeAnindepthanalysisofmoderninterconnectionnetworks

Polymericmaterialsforboneandcartilagerepair  ReviewArticle

ProgressinPolymerScience,Volume35,Issue4,April2010,Pages403-440

D.Puppi,F.Chiellini,A.M.Piras,E.Chiellini

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Abstract

Thepastdecadehasseentherapiddevelopmentofnewstrategiesforthedesignofbiodegradablemacromolecularcompounds,withproperlysuitedarchitectureandtailoredproperties,functioningastemporarysupportfortheengineeringoflivingconstructsintissueregenerationapplications.Thepurposeofthispaperistoreviewrecentresearchintheinterdisciplinaryfieldoftissueengineering,withparticularregardtoboneandcartilagetissues,aimedatthedesign,synthesis,evaluationandcharacterizationofbioactivepolymericscaffoldsguidingandpromotingnewtissueingrowth.Currentstrategiesinscaffold-guidedtissueengineeringapproach,involvingthemostemployedbiodegradablepolymers,eitherofnaturalorsyntheticorigin,willbereportedunderlyingtheroleplayedbybothmaterialstructure–propertyrelationshipandscaffoldarchitecture.Whiletherearemanypolymericmaterialsthatmaybeemployedfortheregenerationofboneandcartilagetissue,wewillfocusspecificallyonthosethathavebeenmoreextensivelyapplied,showingpromisingoutcomes.Commonlyexploitedandinnovativeprocessingtechniquesforthefabricationofadvancedtissueengineeringscaffoldswillbeexplored,highlightingtheoreticalprinciplesandtheirpotentialincreatingmicro-nanostructuressuitablefortissueregenerationapplications.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Boneandcartilagetissuedamageandtransplantation

2.1.Bonedefectstreatments

2.2.Cartilagedefectstreatments

2.3.Osteochondraldefectstreatments

3.Scaffold-guidedboneandcartilagetissueregeneration

3.1.Scaffoldrequirements

4.Polymericmaterialsemployedforscaffoldspreparation

4.1.Compositebioabsorbable/bioactivematerials

4.2.Polymersofnaturalorigin

4.2.1.Proteins

4.2.1.1.Collagen

4.2.1.2.Silkfibroin

4.2.2.Polysaccharides

4.2.2.1.Chitosananditsderivative

4.2.2.2.Hyaluronicacid

4.2.2.3.Alginates

4.2.2.4.Starch-basedmaterials

4.2.2.5.Cellulose

4.2.2.6.Dextrans

4.2.3.Microbialoriginpolyesters

4.3.Syntheticpolymers

4.3.1.Shortchainsaturatedaliphaticpolyesters

4.3.2.Poly（-caprolactone）

4.3.3.Bioresorbablepoly（urethane）s

4.3.4.Poly（propylenefumarate）

4.3.5.Polyphosphazenes

4.3.6.Poly（1,4-butylenesuccinate）

5.Techniquesforpolymericscaffoldspreparation

5.1.Solventcastingcombinedwithparticleleaching

5.2.Freezedrying

5.3.Supercritical-fluidtechnology

5.4.Phase-separationtechnology

5.5.Fiberbonding

5.6.Moldingtechniques

5.7.Solidfreeformfabrication

6.Conclusionsandoutlook

References

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Synthesisandstructureofunusuallystablelinearcopper（I）complexeswithbluefluorescence  OriginalResearchArticle

Polyhedron,Volume25,Issue11,31July2006,Pages2269-2276

SandipBanthia,AnunaySamanta

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Abstract

Anewfluorescentligand2-（4′-aminophthalimidoethyl）pyridine（L2）hasbeensynthesized.SolidstatestructuresofL2and2-（4′-aminophthalimidomethyl）pyridine（L1）havebeendeterminedbyX-raycrystallography.WhileL1crystallizesinthenon-centrosymmetricorthorhombicspacegroupFdd2,L2crystallizesinthemonoclinicspacegroupC2/c.ThemolecularpackinginbothsystemsisdominatedbyintermolecularN–HOandN–HNhydrogenbondsandrelativebendingoftheplanesdefinedbythepyridineandphthalimidemoieties.Anunusuallystabletwo-coordinatecomplexofcopper（I）withL2,Cu（L2）2,hasbeensynthesizeduponinsitureductionofcopper（II）atroomtemperature.Thiscomplex,whichhasbeencharacterizedbyX-raycrystallography,crystallizesinthecentrosymmetricspacegroupC2/cwithalinearN–Cu–Ngeometry.TheCu–Nbonddistance（1.89 Å）inCu（L2）2isfoundtobesimilartothatinCu（L1）2.Boththecomplexesdisplayinterestingstructuralfeature,arisingfromweakCuOinteractions（3.12 ÅinCu（L1）2and2.71 ÅinCu（L2）2）betweenthecopperandoxygenatomsofthecounteranion,leadingtoalinearnetworkwithalternateandCu+ions.A2-DnetworkdeterminedbyintermolecularN–HOhydrogenbondingisalsoobserved.Thesecomplexesarefoundtobehighlyresistanttowardoxidationbothinthesolidstateandinsolution.ThenewcomplexCu（L2）2,inwhichthemetalcenterismoreseparatedfromthe4-aminophthalimidemoieties,exhibitslesserstabilitythanCu（L1）2.Close