状语从句文档格式.docx
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Ifhecomesback,pleaseletmeknow.
1.时间状语从句
常用引导词:
when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until
特殊引导词:
theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday,theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when
Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.
WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.
Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果园),themomenttheysawtheguard
NosoonerhadIarrivedhome,thenitbegantorain.
EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.
表示“一……就……”
除assoonas外,还有三类:
名词型——themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant;
副词型——immediately,directly,instantly;
句式型——nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when…
ThemomentIsawhim,Ifellinlovewithhim.
Icameimmediatelyyoucalled.你一给我打电话,我就马上来。
Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.我一到家,就开始下雨。
【注意】
如果hardly,scarcely或nosooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构。
Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.
NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.
在时间状语从句中,不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时,而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。
When,while,as(一边...一边...),after,before,assoonas,since,till/until,bythetime(到。
。
为止,所在句子的主句应用完成时)
Mozartstartedwritingmusicwhenhewasfouryears
old.
Hevisitedalotofplaceswhilehewastraveling.
Helefttheclassroomafterhehadfinishedhishomeworktheotherday.
when,while和as的区别
when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。
并且when有时表示“就在那时”,when=andthen;
atthatmoment。
Whenshecamein,Istoppedeating.
WhenIlivedinthecountryside,Iusedtocarrysomewaterforhim.
Wewereabouttoleavewhenhecamein.
While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。
并且while有时还可以表示对比。
Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,Iwas
watchingTV.
Ilikeplayingfootballwhileyoulikeplayingbasketball.
As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;
as也可以强调“一先一后。
Wealwayssingaswewalk.
Aswewasgoingout,itbegantosnow.
before和after引导的时间状语从句
before的本意为“在……之前”,根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有……就……,趁着还没……就……,不知不觉就……,……才……”等。
After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。
Itwillbefourdaysbeforetheycomeback.
Einsteinalmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.
MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived.
Theyhadnotbeenmarriedfourmonthsbeforetheyweredivorced.
Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknowwhatyoudecide.
Afterwehadfinishedthework,wewenthome.
till或until引导的时间状语从句
till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。
如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;
如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。
Ididn'
tgotobeduntil(till)myfathercameback.
ItwasnotuntilthemeetingwasoverthathebegantoteachmeEnglish.
Iworkeduntilhecameback.我工作到他回来为止。
tworkuntilhecameback.他回来我这才开始工作。
由since引导的时间状语从句。
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。
一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。
但在Itis+时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。
IhavebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft.
WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?
ItisfouryearssincemysisterlivedinBeijing.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
ItisfivemonthssinceourbosswasinBeijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
2.地点状语从句
where
wherever,anywhere,everywhere
Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories.
Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.
句型1:
Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。
Wherethereisnorain,farmingisdifficultor
impossible.
Theyweregoodpersons.Wheretheywent,theretheywerewarmlywelcomed.
Youshouldhaveputthebookwhereyoufoundit.
WheretheCommunistPartyofChinagoes,therethepeopleareliberated.
句型2:
Anywhere/wherever+地点从句,+主句。
Wherevertheseais,youwillfindseamen.
3.原因状语从句
常用引导词:
because,since,as,for
特殊引导词:
seeingthat(由于,鉴于),nowthat(既然),inthat,consideringthat(考虑到),giventhat(考虑到).
MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeand
successful.
Nowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginourconference.Consideringthatheisnomorethan12yearsold,hisheightof1.80misquiteremarkable.
Seeingthatyou’realreadyatthedoor,IsupposeImustinviteyouinside.
Consideringhe’sonlysixteenyearold,heisnotfitforthejob.
Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.
because,since,as,for辨析
1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。
当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或since。
Ididn’tgo,becauseIwasafraid.
Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayour
journey.
2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。
但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。
Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.
Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.
3)as和for的区别:
通常情况下,as引导的从句在主句前,for引导的从句在主句后。
Astheweatheriscold,Istayathome.(同义句)
Istayathome,fortheweatheriscold.
4.目的状语从句
sothat,inorderthat
lest,incase,forfearthat,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat
Thebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththe
letterssothathecouldsignthem.Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcould
hearmoreclearly.
5.结果状语从句
so…that,such…that,
suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,
(such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。
)
Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.
It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.
Tosuchadegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tsleep
lastnight.
6.条件状语从句
if,unless,
as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposingthat,incasethat,onconditionthat
We’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.
Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.
条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样,从句的谓语动词不能用一般将来时态、过去将来时态或将来完成时,而要用相应的一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时来替代。
Tellmeincaseyougetintodifficulty.
Supposinghedoesnotcome,shallwegowithouthim?
7.让步状语从句
though,although,evenif,eventhough
as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while(一般用在句首),nomatter…,inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever
MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.
Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughthe
weatherisrough.
Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangeher
mind.
as,though引导的倒装句
as/though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。
Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastheright
thingtodo.
=Thoughhewasasmallchild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.
注意:
a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b.句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。
如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodothe
worksatisfactorily.
=Thoughhetrieshard,heneverseems…
nomatterwho=whoever
nomatterwhen=whenever
nomatterwhere=wherever
nomatterwhich=whichever
nomatterhow=however
注意:
nomatter不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
(错)Nomatterwhatyousayisofnousenow.
(对)Whateveryousayisofnousenow.
(错)Prisonershavetoeatnomatterwhatthey’regiven,(对)Prisonershavetoeatwhateverthey’regiven.
8.比较状语从句
as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)
themore…themore…;
justas…,so…;
AistoBwhat/asXistoY;
no…morethan;
notAsomuchasB
Sheisasbad-temperedashermother.
Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.
Foodistomenwhatoilistomachine.
nomorethan只不过(嫌少的意思)
notmorethan不如。
(前者不如后者)
Ihavenomorethantwopens.
It’snomorethanamiletotheshops.
JackisnotmorediligentthanJohn.
oneofthe+名词(复数)….之一(用于最高级)
HanMeiisoneofthebeststudentsinourschool.
9.方式状语从句
as,(just)as…so…,asif/though("
正如…"
,"
就像"
theway
WheninRome,doastheRomando.
Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.
Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.
asif,asthough
两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。
汉译常作"
仿佛……似的"
好像……似的"
Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif(asthough)
theyneverexisted.
Helooksasif(asthough)hehadbeenhitbylighting.
状语从句的省略
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:
①主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it;
②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。
从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。
When(themuseumis)completed,themuseumwillbe
opentothepublicnextyear.
He’llgototheseasideforhisholidayif(itis)
possible.
另外,比较状语从句经常省略。
I’mtallerthanhe(istall).
Thehigherthetemperature(is),thegreaterthepressure(is).
状语从句的"
省略"
现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:
①由if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;
②由although,though,evenif/though等引导的让步状语从句;
③由when,while,as,before,after,until/till等引导的时间状语从句;
④由as,asif等引导的方式状语从句;
⑤由as,than等引导的比较状语从句。
下面针对这五种情形作归纳。
(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。
If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.
Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenient
toyou
(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。
常用于以下几种情形:
a.连词+形容词
As(hewas)young,helearnedhowtorideabike.
Whenever(sheis)free,sheoftengoesshopping.
Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou'
llregret.
b.连词+名词
While(hewas)ay