语言学练习题Chapter 2 LinguisticsWord文档下载推荐.docx

语言学练习题Chapter 2 LinguisticsWord文档下载推荐.docx

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9）Comparativehistoricallinguisticsvscontrastivelinguistics

2.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue（T）orfalse（F）.

1）（）Prescriptivelinguisticsismorepopularthandescriptivelinguisticsbecauseitcantellushowtospeakcorrectlanguage.

2）（）Competencceandperformancereferrespectivelytoalanguageuser’sunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrulesandtheactualuseoflanguageinconcretesituations.

3）（）TheantithesisoflangueandparolewascreatedbyChomsky.

4）（）CockooinEnglishisonomatopoeia.

5）（）Synchroniclinguisticsisconcernedwiththestudyoflanguagedevelopmentthroughtime.

6）（）Prescriptivelinguistsareconcernedwithhowlanguageswork,notwithhowtheycanbeimproved.

7）（）Linguisticstriestoanswerthebasicquestions”whatisalanguage”and“Howdoesalanguagework”.

8）（）Onomatopoeticwordsarefoundinalmostallhumanlanguages,whichshowsthearbitrarynatureoflanguages.

9）（）Eachlanguagecontainstwosystemsratherthanone,asystemofsoundandasystemofmeaning.

10）（）Culturaltransmissionreferstothefactthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker.

11）（）Phaticfunctionreferstolanguageusedtoexchangeinformationandideas.

12）（）Speakersofalllanguagesarecapableofproducingandcomprehendinganinfinitesetofsentences,whichaccountsforsyntacticuniversality.

13）（）Halliday’slinguisticpotentialissimilartothenotionsofparoleandperformance

14）（）Bydiachroniestudywemeantostudythechangesanddevelopmentoflanguage.

15）（）Langueisrelativelystableandsystematicwhileparoleissubjecttopersonalandsituationalconstraints.

16）（）Inlanguageclassroomsnowadavsthegrammartaughttostudentsisbasicallydescriptive,andmoreattentionispaidtothedevelopinglearners‘communicativeskills.

17）（）Saussure’sexpositionofsynchronicanalysisledtotheschoolofhistoricallinguistics

18）（）Appliedlinguisticsistheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning.

19）（）Semanticsisthestudyofthemeaningofwordsandsentences.

20）（）Adiachronicstudyisconcernedwiththehistoricaldevelopmentofalanguageoveraperiodoftime.

21）（）Aparadigmaticrelationisarelationbetweenalinguisticelementinanutteranceandlinguisticelementsoutsidethatutterance,butbelongingtothesamesub-systemofthelanguage.

22）（）Generallinguisticsaimsatdevelopingatheorythatdescribestherulesofaparticularlanguage.

23）（）Englishlinguisticsisakindofdescriptivelinguistics.

24）（）Competenceismoreconcretethanperformance.

25）（）Descriptivelinguisticsattemptstoestablishatheorywhichaccountsfortherulesoflanguageingeneral.

26）（）Langueismoreabstractthanparoleandthereforeisnotdirectlyobservable.

27）（）Generallinguisticsdealswiththewholehumanlanguage.

28）（）AlltheEnglishwordsarenotsymbolic.

29）（）Allsoundsproducedbyhumanspeechorgansarelinguisticsymbols.

30）（）Descriptivelinguisticsstudiesonespecificlanguage.

31）（）Morphologicalknowledgeisanativespeaker’sintuitionabouthowasentenceisformed.

32）（）Phoneticsisthesciencethatdealswiththesoundsystem.

33）（）Adiachronicstudyofalanguageisconcernedwithastateofalanguageataparticularpointoftime.

3.MultipleChoice

1）______madethedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance.

A.SaussureB.ChomskyCBloomfiledD.Sapir

2）Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesolutionofsomepracticalproblems,thestudyofsuchapplicationsisknownsas________.

A.anthropologicallinguisticsB.computationallinguistics

C.appliedlinguisticsD.mathematicallinguistics

3）_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofspeechcommunity.

A.ParoleB.langueCspeechD.writing

4）Whichofthefollowingisnotthemajorbrachoflinguistics?

A.phonologyB.pragmaticsC.syntaxDspeech

5）________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.

A.LinguisticgeographyB.Sociolinguistics

C.AppliedlinguisticsD.Comparativelinguistics

6）Whichbranchoflinguisticsstudiesthesimilaritiesanddifferencesamonglanguages?

A.Diachroniclinguistics.B.Synchroniclinguistics.

C.Prescriptivelinguistics.D.Comparativelinguistics.

7）________hasbeenwidelyacceptedastheforefatherofmodernlinguistics.

A.ChomskyB.SaussureC.BloomfieldD.JohnLyons

8）Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled---.

A.generallinguisticsB.sociolingyustics

C.psycholinguisticsD.appliedlinguistics

9）Thestudyoflanguagemeaningiscalled--.

A.syntaxB.semanticsCmorphologyD.pragmatics

10）Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisa–study.

AsynchronicB.diachronicCdescriptiveD.prescriptive

4.Fillintheblankswithappropriatewords:

1）referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

2）istheactualrealizationofone’slinguisticknowledgeinutterances.

3）Modemlinguisticisinthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

4）Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisastudy.

5）Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts,referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

6）LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s.

7）Thefourprinciplesinthelinguisticstudyare

（1）

（2）（3）（4）

8）Morphologyisthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiestheformofwords.

9）Thebranchofgenerallinguisticswhichisnamedstudiestheinternalstructureofsentences.

10）InSaussure’sview,therelationshipbetweensignifier（soundimage）andsignified（concept）is.

11）isanumbrellatermwhichcoversavarietyofdifferentinterestsinlanguageandsociety,includingthesocialfunctionsoflanguageandthesocialcharacteristicsofitsusers.

12）ThedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleismadebytheSwisslinguistF.deSaussure.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformanceismadebytheAmericanlinguist.

13）Thewritingsystem.ofEnglishis.knownasthesoundwritingsystemwhilethatofJapaneseas___writingsystem.

14）AccordingtoJohnLyons,___linguistics_dealswithlanguageingeneraland_linguisticsisconcernedwithoneparticularlanguage.

15）IndeSaussure’sterm,_____referstothesystemoflanguageand_____referstothespeaker’sspeech.

16）_____isthesciencethatdealswiththesoundsystem.

17）Syntaxstudiestwokindsofrules:

_____rulesandrules

18）Langueorcompetenceis______andnotdirectlyobserved,whileparoleorperformanceis_____anddirectlyobservable.

19）A________relationreferstothesequentialcharacteristicofspeech.

20）______knowledgeisanativespeaker’sintuitionaboutthesoundsandsoundpatternsofhislanguage.

21）______knowledgeisanativespeaker’sintuitionabouthowawordisformed.

22）______knowledgeisanativespeaker’sintuitionaboutwhetherasentenceisgrammaticalornot.

23）______knowledgeisanativespeaker’sintuitionaboutthemeaningoflanguage,includingmeaningofwordsandmeaningofsentences.

24）______isthestudyofspeechsoundsofallhumanlanguages.

25）______examineswordformationandtheinternalstructureofwords.

5.Answerthefollowingquestions.

1）Whatisthedifferencebetweengenerallinguisticsanddescriptivelinguistics?

2）Whatisthedifferencebetweensynchronicanddiachroniclinguistics?

Isiteasytodrawasharplinebetweenthemifwelookatlanguageclosely?

3）Whatdistinguishprescriptivestudiesoflanguagefromdescriptivestudiesoflanguage?

Commentonthemeritsandweaknessesofdescriptivegrammarandprescriptivegrammar.

4）Whatarethefourprinciplesforthescientificanalysisoflanguage?

5）Pointoutthreewaysinwhichlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammar.

6）Whatarethemaindifferencesbetween“competence”and“performance”?

7）WhatisthemajordifferencebetweenSaussure’sdistinctionoflangueandparoleandChomsky’sdistinctionofcompetenceandperformance?

whatshouldbestudiesinlinguisticsinyouropinionandwhy?

8）Explain“speechandwriting”,andcitetwoormoreexamples.

KeytoChapterTwo

1）syntagmaticrelationvsparadigmaticrelation

Essentiallytherelationsbetweenlinguisticelementsareoftwodimensions,usuallysyntagmaticandparadigmatic.syntagmaticorsequentialrelationsarethoseholdingbetweenelementsformingserialstructure,or“strings’astheyaresometimescalled.Insyntax,thehorizontalrelationshipbetweenelementsshowshowaform（X）combineswithothers（W+X+Y）inaserialcombination.Itreferstothelinearorderingofthewordsandthephraseswithinasentence.Paradigmaticrelationsarethoseholdingbetweencomparableelementsatparticularplacesinstructures.Theverticalorsubstitutionalrelationshipshowshowotherdifferentforms（Xa,Xb,Xc）canfunctioninthesameplaceinstructureinaparadigmaticrelation.