非谓语动词Word文件下载.docx
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Shecoulddonothingbutwait.
Ihadnochoicebuttowaitformymumtoreturn.
4.作定语：
Ihavemanyfriendstohelpme,soI’msureIwillsucceed.
Ihaveameetingtoattend.
（1）不定式修饰前面的名词，且有动宾关系时，不及物动词后面要加上适当的介词：
He’slookingforaroomtolivein.
Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.
Thereisnothingtoworryabout.
但不定式所修饰的名词如为time,place,way时，不定式后面的介词习惯省去：
Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive（in）.
（2）不定式作定语时的语态确定：
A：
根据上下文是否出现动作执行者而定；
不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式；
不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式；
Haveyouanythingelseto__________（say）foryourselves?
I’mgoingtoShanghaitomorrow.Haveyougotanythingtobetakentoyoursister?
I’mgoingtodothewashing.Haveyouanything_________（wash）?
Ifso,bringthemhereandI’llwashthemforyou.
Hereisapaperforyou_______（read）.
Haveyougotakey______（unlock）thedoor?
Iknowwhat______（do）.
I’vegotaletter_______（answer）.
B:
不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式；
Theroomiscomfortabletolivein.
Themanishardtoworkwith.
5.作状语：
（1）目的状语：
Icameheretoseeyou.
Inordertopasstheexam,heworkedveryhard.
Weranallthewaysoasnotto/inordernottobelate.
Tosleeplatethenextmorning,heturnedoffthealarmclock.
（2）原因状语：
Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenewsthatourteamhadwonthegame.
（3）结果状语：
（……enoughtodo…./too……todo…../so…….astodo….）
Willyoubekindenoughtohelpmewiththecase?
=Willyoubesokindastohelpmewiththecase?
A:
表示结果的状语有两种：
doing表示前面这动作自然引起后面的动作；
（only/never）todo表示出乎意料，如：
Theboy’sparentsbothdiedintheaccident,leavinghimanorphan.
Ihurriedtoschoolwithoutbreakfast,onlytofinditwasSundayandthattherewasnobodyintheclassroom.
●too…….to与not,never,only,but,all连用时，too的含义为very;
It’snevertoolatetolearn.
I’monlytoogladtoseeyouhere.
●too…….to结构中有下列形容词，表示肯定意思：
glad,pleased,delighted,anxious,eager,ready,willing,easy,surprised,kind等；
Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.
6.表语：
Myjobistolookaftertheseyoungchildren.
Whathewantedtodonowwasgoandexpresshisgreatthankstohisteacherandfriends.
7.作独立成份：
totell（you）thetruth,tobehonest（frank）,tostartwith,tomakethingsworse,tomakealongstoryshort,tobeexact
8.疑问词＋todo作主、宾、表等：
Hedidn’tknowwhattodo.
Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.
Idon’tknowwhethertogoornot.（不用if）
疑问词why不与todo连用：
Whynotgoandhavearest?
二、动词不定式的时态及语态：
时态：
todo,tobedoing,tohavedone
（1）It’ssaid（reported/believed/thought/considered…..）thatsb………
=Sb.issaidtodo/tobedoing/tohavedone…….
Heissaid____________（study）abroad,butIdon’tknowwhichcountryhestudiedin/isstudyingin/willstudy.
（2）Ithappenedthatsb………=Sb.happenedtodo/tobedoing/tohavedone……
Hehappened_______（do）hishomeworkwhenhisfatherenteredtheroom.
（3）pretend/seem/appeartodo/tobedoing/tohavedone
Sheseemed_________（learn）thebadnews.Listen,sheiscryinginherroom.
语态：
It’spossibleforourhopes___________（realize）inthenearfuture.
Heasked______________（send）toworkinthewesternpartofthecountry.
三、不定式符号的保留：
在expect,prefer,care,mean,forget,want,wish,hope,try,beglad（happy）,wouldlike（love）后为避免重复省略后面的动词，但不定式符号to须保留：
-----AreyougoingtovisittheGreatWall?
-----Yes,Iwishto（gothere）.
-----Wouldyouliketogoskatingwithmethisafternoon?
------Yes,I’dliketo（go）,butI’mafraidIwon’tbefree.
但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be,have,havebeen等时，这些词保留：
-----Areyouonholiday?
-----No,butI’dliketobe.
-----Didyoutellhimthedateoftheparty?
------No,butIoughttohave.
-----Haveyoubeentoldaboutthemeeting?
-----No.------Oh,yououghttohavebeen.
二、动名词（doing）
（一）动名词的用法：
1.主语
Seeingisbelieving.
Walkingisagoodformofexercise.
It’snouse（good）arguingwithhim./Thereisnouse（good）arguingwithhim.
doing与todo都可作主语，doing作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性的行为或强调概念；
todo作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。
Playingwithfireisdangerous.
2.表语：
Herjobisteaching.
3.宾语：
记住哪些动词后面须用doing作宾语：
finish,enjoy,mind,feellike,keep,practise,miss,suggest,can’thelp,imagine,mention,forgive,excuse,dislike,putoff,avoid,admit,appreciate,giveup,allow,permit,forbid,advise,escape,include,can’tstand,catchsb.（doing）,等；
（1）某些动词后既可用todo也可用doing作宾语，但意思不同，如：
forget,remember,regret,try,goon,stop,mean;
①-----Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.
----Well,Iregret______（doing）sonow.
②Iregret______（tell）youthatonlyhalfofyoupassedtheexam.
③-----Look,thelightisstillon.
----Oh,Iforgot___________（turn）itoff.
④-----Haveyoureturnedthedictionarytohim?
-----Well,Iremember______（give0itbacktohimassoonasIsawhim.
⑤-----I’veknockedatthefrontdoortwice,butitseemsnobodyisin.
----Whynottry______（knock）athirdtime?
⑥Missingthistrainmeans_______（wait）foranothertwohours.
⑦Hewassotiredthathestopped______（rest）
（2）在allow,permit,forbid,advise后接doing作宾语，接todo作宾补；
Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.
Wedon’tallowstudentstosmokehere.
（3）当need,want,require作“需要”解释，且主语与后面的动词有被动关系时，结构为：
need/want/requiredoing（tobedone）
Theroofoftheofficebuildingneedsrepairing/toberepaired.
（4）beworthdoing/beworthyofbeingdone（beworthytobedone）
Hismethodiswellworthtrying.=Hismethodisworthyofbeingtried（isworthytobetried）.
Thisinterestingfilmisworthseeingasecondtime.
（5）在动词短语devoteto,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto,bebusy,objectto,havedifficulty（trouble）,haveawonderfultime,haveahardtime,feellike,getdownto,there’snouse（good）,there’snosense（point）等后面用doing;
（6）start/begin后面可接todo也可接doing，但在下列情况下接todo:
主语是表示物的名词时：
Itstartedtosnowsuddenly.
B：
当start与begin以进行时出现时：
Heisbeginningtocookdinner.
C：
当后面作宾语的动词为感情、思想、意念时：
Ibegantounderstandwhathemeant.
4.作定语：
（表示所修饰名词的特点、用途及性质）
areadingroom（aroomforreading）,asleepingcar,awalkingstick,waitingroom,runningshoes,flyingsuit
（二）动名词的复合结构：
（1）否定结构：
notdoing
（2）执行者+doing
●形容词性物主代词（his）或人称代词宾格（him）+doing
●名词所有格（Mary’s）或普通格（Mary）+doing
这两个复合结构在句中充当宾语：
Shedidn’tmindhim/his/Jack/Jack’scryingandwentondoingthewashing.
★如复合结构在句中充当主语，则用形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格+doing:
Hiscomingtomybirthdaypartymademehappy.
Mary’scryingloudlymadehimangry.
Hisnotbeingallowedtovisithissickmothermadehimunhappy.
◆但如动名词的复合结构作宾语，且其执行者（逻辑主语）为无生命的名词或不定代词（something,somebody等）时，用名词的普通格：
Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthegame?
Heinsistsontheplanbeingcarriedoutatonce.
Thenoiseofdesksandchairsbeingopenedandclosedcouldbeheardoutinthestreet.
（三）动名词的时态及语态：
doing/havingdone
beingdone/havingbeendone
Nobodylikesbeinglaughedatinpublicplaces.
Idon’trememberbeinggiven（havingbeengiven）achancetodoit.
Iremembergivinghimachancetodoit.
Heregrettedaccepting（havingaccepted）hergift.
Hewasafraidof_________（leave）aloneathome.
三、分词：
现在分词doing及过去分词done
（一）作状语（表示伴随、原因、条件、让步等）：
doing/havingdone（表示主动）；
done/havingbeendone（表示被动）
（否定结构：
notdoing,nothavingdone/notdone,nothavingbeendone）
根椐例句把下面从句改为分词结构：
Model:
Whenhewascrossingthestreet,hemetaclassmateofhis.
=Crossingthestreet,hemetaclassmateofhis.
Ashewascriticizedbytheteacher,hefeltsad.
=Criticizedbytheteacher,hefeltsad.
1.WhileIwastryingtoopenthedoor,Ihadmyfingerhurt.
___________________________________________________________.
2.Asshedidn’thaveacar,shefounditdifficulttogetaround.
3.Ifit’stakenontime,themedicinewillwork.
4.AlthoughIhadseenthefilmtwice,Iwenttothecinemaagain.
5.Afterhetookakeyoutofhispocket,heopenedthedoor.
6.Asshewasanxioustopleasehim,sheboughthimanicepresent.
7.Astheboywasill,hehadtostayinbed.
8.Althoughhehadn’tbeeninvitedtotheparty,hestillwentthere.
9.AsIwasn’tabletoworkouttheproblem,Iaskedtheteacherforhelp.
10.Afterhewasencouragedbytheteacher,hedecidedtoworkharder.
11.Hebecamenervouswhenhewasquestionedaboutthemurderbythepolice.
____________________________________________________________.
12.Ashehadn’treceivedherreply,hedecidedtoe-mailheragain.
13.Wedidn’tbakeanycakes,sowehadnothingtoeatlater.
______
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