全国高等教育自学考试英语阅读二试题 课程代码00596Word文档下载推荐.docx
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AB
1.challengeA.makingdirtyorimpure
2.inaccessibleB.againstreasonorcommonsense
3.surgeC.forwardmovementlikepowerfulwaves
4.diverseD.greatnessofsizeorimportance
5.foulE.ofdifferentkinds
6.emergeF.rockinaveryhotliquidstate
7.heedG.questionthelawfulnessorrightnessof
8.absurdH.giveattentionto
9.lavaI.thatcannotbereached
10.magnitudeJ.comeintoexistence
II.Directions:
Readeachofthefollowingsentencescarefully,andchooseA,B,CorDthathastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordorphrase.BlackenthecorrespondingletteroftheansweronyourANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointforeach)
11.Throughthepassingmillennia,thousandsofanimalspecieshavecomeandgone.
A.arrivedandleft
B.appearedandescaped
C.comeintoexistenceandbecomeextinct
D.approachedanddisappeared
12.Occasionallossoflivestockmustbeweighedagainstthegoodtheseanimalsdoinmaintainingthebalanceofnature.
A.estimatedbyB.balancedby
C.copiedintermsofD.comparedintermsofvalueof
13.RecognizingthegrowingthreatHIV/AIDSposestochildsurvival,theAgencywillsupporteffortsforasolution.
A.affectsB.takesto
C.increasesD.pointsto
14.Pesticideshavealsotakentheirtoll.
A.threatenedtheirlivesB.destroyedtheirhabitat
C.playedtheirpartD.causeddeaths
15.Witheachdepartureasmallpartofthediversityofnaturethatmakeslifesointerestingisalsogone.
A.goingawayB.extinction
C.changingD.disaster
16.SeveralmonthslaterasimilarfeatwasperformedbythefirstAmericanastronauttowalkinspace.
A.ordinarytaskB.noteworthyachievement
C.commondeedD.somethingdone
17.Ontheearth,ouratmospherediffuseslightsothat,whenthesunisup,lightseemstobeeverywhere.
A.sendsoutineverydirectionB.focusesineverydirection
C.concentratesineverydirectionD.reflectsineverydirection
18.Duringthesubsequentlullinhunting,thesealpopulationmadeagood,althoughtemporary,recovery.
A.stopB.stillness
C.quietnessD.pause
19.Amutationhappenstosuitanewenvironment,andthe“odd”creaturesurvivesbecauseitisbetterfitted.
A.calciumB.remnant
C.alterationD.eradication
20.ThisisanunexploredareainvitaminresearchandtheonlyknownadvantagesofvitaminEareconfinedtospecializedmedicalcases.
A.assessedinB.restrictedto
C.contributedtoD.expectedon
III.Directions:
ScanPassage1andfindthewordswhichhaveroughlythemeaningsgivenbelow.WritethewordyouchooseinthecorrespondingspaceonyourANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointforeach)
Note:
Thenumbersinthebracketsrefertothenumbersofparagraphsinthepassage.
21.conditionsandsurroundingsthataffectpeople’slives
(1)
22.passingonofphysicalormentalcharacteristicsfromparentstochildren
(2)
23.haveaneffectoneachother
(2)
24.wayinwhichsomethingworks(3)
25.poweroflearning,understandingandreasoning(4)
26.controllingorhandlingsomethingwithskill(4)
27.characteristicsandqualitiesofaperson(5)
28.decidingthevalueoramountofsomething(6)
29.explainingsomethingwhichisnoteasilyunderstandable(6)
30.makesomethingdifficulttoseeclearly(6)
Passage1
1.Weinheritgenes,nottraits.Whenwesaythataboygothisbrowneyesfromhisfather,wereallymeanthathegotthegenesforbrowneyesfromhisfather.Everygenemustdevelopinanenvironment,andtheenvironmentinfluenceshowthatgenewilldevelop.Inthecaseoffruitflies,thevestigial(退化的)-wingcharacteristicwilldevelopifthefliesareraisedatroomtemperature.Ifthefliesarerearedatabout92oF(33oC),however,thewingswillbealmostnormal.
2.Inthefinalanalysis,thequestion,“Whichismoreimportant,heredityorenvironment?
”hasnomeaning.Therecanbeno“heredityversusenvironment”situation:
bothfactors,heredityandenvironment,mustinteractforanorganismtodevelop.
3.Still,wecangetsomeideaoftherelativecontributionsofheredityandenvironmenttocertaintraits.Todothis,wemustdeterminethegeneticmechanismforaparticulartrait.Wemustalsodeterminehowmucheffecttheenvironmentcanhaveonthetrait.Neitherofthesedeterminationsiseasy,butforafewtraitstheyhavebothbeenmade.
4.InthecaseofDown’ssyndrome,forexample,weknowthatthepresenceofanextranumber21chromosomesetslimitsonthedevelopmentoftheintelligenceandlargelydeterminescertainotherabnormalcharacteristicsofthevictim.Unfortunately,noamountofenvironmentalmanipulationcancausethevictim’sintelligencetoexceedacertain“subnormal”level.ThuswecansaythatinthedevelopmentofthephenotypeofapersonwithDown’ssyndrome,hereditymakesarelativelygreatcontribution—byimposingseverelimits.
5.Butinmostsituationsonecanstudy,theroleoftheenvironmentisverymuchinevidence.Identicalhumantwinswhohavebeenrearedapartshowquitenoticeablephenotypicdifferences,inpersonalityandeveninsomephysicalcharacteristics.
6.Theproblemofassessingtherelativecontributionsofheredityandenvironmenttohumanintelligenceisnotoriouslydifficultandcontroversial.Ontheonehand,manystudieshaveshownhighcorrelationsbetweentheintelligenceofindividualsandtheirdegreeof“relatedness”.Ontheotherhand,themanyvariablesencounteredinstudiesofthistypemakeinterpretationverydifficult.Butsomestudieshavefoundcorrelationssuggestingenvironmentalfactorsinfluenceintelligencemorethangeneticfactorsdo.Sothequestionofintelligenceandinheritanceisstillverymuchupintheair.Theproblemsandthecontroversyshouldnot,however,obscureonebasicfact:
intelligence,likeanyothertrait,dependsontheinteractionofbothgeneticandenvironmentalfactors.
SECTION2READINGCOMPREHENSION(40points)
IV.Directions:
Skimpassage2andreadthestatementsgivenrightafterthepassageandjudgewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.BlackenthecorrespondingansweryouchooseonyourANSWERSHEET.(10points,1pointforeach)
Passage2
1.Mildstressisknowntoimprovelearning.Atotallyrelaxedchildwillnotbeasreceptivetonewinformationasachildexperiencingmildstress.Itisalsoknownthatwhenthestressofworkingatajobisremovedwhenelderlypeopleretiretheyagemorequicklyunlessnewactivitiesaresubstitutedintheirlives.Itisthoughtthatsenilityoccursmorefrequentlywithinactivitythanwithcontinuedactivity.Muchofthegreatart,inventionsanddiscoverieshasresultedfromthestressofthecreators.WouldwehavetheSistineChapel(西斯行廷教堂)ifMichaelangelohadlivedaquietstresslesslife?
2.Wemustalsoadmitthatthebodilychangesthatoccurunderstressoftenleadtoactivitiesthatcouldnotbeperformedundernormalcircumstances.The110-poundwomanwholiftsaone-tonautomobiletoreleaseherchildcaughtunderthewheelscouldnotordinarilyperformthisfeat;
thebodilychangesproducedbythestressofthesituationenablehertodothissuperhumanact.Anathletereliesonthechangesthatoccurunderstresstohelphimrunfaster,tackleharder,andwinthegame.
3.Itappearsthattheamountofharmfulstressanyparticularindividualexperiencesdependsuponhowheviewsthestressfulexperience.Ifheseesitasthreatening,itisabadstress;
butifheviewsitasachallenge,itcanbeabeneficialstress.Also,hispersonalitytypeplaysasignificantroleinthedeterminationofwhetherthestressisgoodorbad.Certaintypesofpeopleappeartoneedstresstomaketheirlivesexcitingandmeaningful—itkeepsthemyoung,alive,andfunctioning.Othertypesseemtoneedroutine,quiet,andpeacefulenvironment.
4.Shouldyouavoidstressorencourageit?
Theexpertsdon’thavetheanswer.Sincestresshasalwaysbeenpartofthehumanconditionandlifeisnotstatic—unexpectedthingsdohappen—completeavoidanceisimpossible.Infact,worryingaboutstressisastressitself.Someauthoritiessuggestthateveryoneusemeditationandrelaxationtechniquestolessentheeffectsofstress.Theyfavorchangingourbusylife-styletoslower-pacedliving,strivingless,andstayingputmore.Otherauthoritiesstatethatthesemethodsmayerasethebeneficialeffectsofstressandthatifyoureceivegratificationsfromahecticlifestyle,adoptingamorerelaxedroutinemaydepriveyouofneededstimuliandlowerthequalityofyourlife.
5.Alldoagreethatattitudeisoneofthemostimportantfactors.Apositiveattitudecanmakestressyourally.Anegativeattitudewillmakestressyourenemy.Sincewemayneverknowwhoseadvicetofollow,perhapsthebestcourseistoacceptstressasinevitable,bothgoodandbad,andtokeepthestressthatfeelsgoodandtrytoeliminatethestressthatfeelsbad.Youbeyourownexpert!
31.Totalrelaxationenablesyoutoreceivenewinformationmoreeasilythanstressfulcircumstance.
32.Peopleagemuchmorequicklyiftheyareactiveafterretirement.
33.Peopleunderstresscansometimesmakeincredibleeventshappen.
34.Womenwhoseweightisover110poundscanliftaone-tonobject.
35.Whetherstressisgoodorbadisnotdecidedbythestressfulsituationitself,butbyhowpeopleviewit.
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