GRE阅读Word文档下载推荐.docx

GRE阅读Word文档下载推荐.docx

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（C）overestimatethenumberoffolktalesbroughtfromAfricabytheslaves

（D）donotconsiderthefactthatafolktalecanbechangedasitisretoldmanytimes（B）

（E）oversimplifythediverseandcomplextraditionsoftheslavesancestralhomeland

18.Theauthor’smainpurposeisto

（A）createanewfieldofstudy

（B）discreditanexistingfieldofstudy

（C）changethefocusofafieldofstudy

（D）transplantscholarlytechniquesfromonefieldofstudytoanother（C）

（E）restrictthescopeofaburgeoningnewfieldofstudy

19.Thepassagesuggeststhattheauthorwouldregardwhichofthefollowingareasofinquiryasmostlikelytorevealtheslaves’culturalcontinuitieswithAfrica?

（A）ThemeansbywhichBlacksdisseminatedtheirfolktalesinnineteenth-centuryAmerica

（B）Specificregionaldifferencesinthestylesofdeliveryusedbytheslavesintellingfolktales

（C）ThefunctionalmeaningofBlackfolktalesinthelivesofWhitechildrenraisedbyslave

（D）Thespecificwaytheslavesusedfolktalestoimpartmoralteachingtotheirchildren（D）

（E）Thecomplexitiesofplotthatappearmostfrequentlyintheslaves’tales

20.Whichofthefollowingtechniquesisusedbytheauthorindevelopingtheargumentinthepassage?

（A）Givingacliché

anewmeaning

（B）Pointedlyrefusingtodefinekeyterms

（C）Alternatelypresentinggeneralitiesandconcretedetails

（D）Concludingthepassagewitharestatementofthefirstpointmadeinthepassage（E）

（E）Juxtaposingstatementsofwhatisnotthecaseandstatementsofwhatisthecase

Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecoverysystems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,wherehighratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformof（intheformof:

以...的形式）geysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,however,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock（HDR）reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.

Asaresultofrecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebeingdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDR’s,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.

TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludedcrustalrockthatishotterthan150℃,isatdepthslessthantenkilometers,andcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughwellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslydeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100℃maybeusefulforspaceheating（heatingofspacesespeciallyforhumancomfortbyanymeans（asfuel,electricity,orsolarradiation）withtheheatereitherwithinthespaceorexternaltoit）;

however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200℃aredesirable.

Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachadesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.Temperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.（Therearemanyareas,however,forwhichnotemperaturegradientrecordsexist.）

IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22℃perkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.Ifweconservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2percentisrecoverable,wefindatotalofallthecoalremainingintheUnitedStates.Theremainingproblemistobalancetheeconomicsofdeeper,hotter,morecostlywellsandshallower,cooler,lessexpensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproduct,electricityand/orheat.

21.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

（A）alertreaderstotheexistenceofHDR’sasanavailableenergysource

（B）documentthechallengersthathavebeensurmountedintheefforttorecoverenergyfromHDR’s

（C）warntheusersofcoalandoilthatHDR’sarenotaneconomicallyfeasiblealternative

（D）encouragetheuseofnewtechniquesfortherecoveryofenergyfromundergroundhotwaterandsteam（A）

（E）urgeconsumerstodemandquickerdevelopmentofHDRresourcesfortheproductionofenergy

22.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina

（A）petrologicalresearchreportfocusedonthehistoryoftemperature-depthrecordsintheUnitedStates

（B）congressionalreporturgingtheconservationofoilandnaturalgasreservesintheUnitedStates

（C）technicaljournalarticleconcernedwiththerecoverabilityofnewlyidentifiedenergysources

（D）consumerreportdescribingtheextentandaccessibilityofremainingcoalresources（C）

（E）pamphletdesignedtointroducehomeownerstotheadvantagesofHDRspace-heatingsystems

23.Accordingthepassage,anaveragegeothermalgradientof22℃perkilometerofdepthcanbeusedto

（A）balancetheeconomicsofHDRenergyretrievalagainstthatofundergroundhotwaterorsteamrecoverysystems

（B）determinetheamountofenergythatwillusedforspaceheatingintheUnitedStates

（C）providecomparisonsbetweenhotwaterandHDRenergysourcesinUnitedStates

（D）revisetheestimatesontheextentofremainingcoalresourcesintheUnitedStates（E）

（E）estimatethetotalHDRresourcebaseintheUnitedStates

24.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheavailabilityoftemperature-depthrecordsforanyspecificareaintheUnitedStatesdependsprimarilyonthe

（A）possibilitythatHDR’smaybefoundinthatarea

（B）existenceofpreviousattemptstoobtainoilorgasinthatarea

（C）historyofsuccessfulhotwaterorsteamrecoveryeffortsinthatarea

（D）failureofinhabitantstoconserveoilgasreservesinthatarea（B）

（E）useofcoalasasubstituteforoilorgasinthatarea

25.Accordingtothepassage,inallHDRrecoverysystemsfluidwillbenecessaryinordertoallow

（A）sufficientpermeability

（B）artificialstimulation

（C）drillingofholes

（D）constructionofreservoirs（E）

（E）transferofheat

26.Accordingtothepassage,iftheaveragegeothermalgradientinanareais22℃perkilometerofdepth,whichofthefollowingcanbereliablypredicted?

I.Thetemperatureatthebaseofa10-kilometerwellwillbesufficientfortheproductionofelectricity.

II.Drillingofwellsdeeperthan10kilometerswillbeeconomicallyfeasible.

III.Insufficientwaterispresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena.

（A）Ionly

（B）IIonly

（C）IandIIonly

（D）IIandIIIonly（A）

（E）I,II,andIII

27.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

（A）EnergyfromWaterSources:

TheFeasibilityofCommercialSystems

（B）GeothermalEnergyRetrieval:

VolcanicActivityandHotDryRocks

（C）EnergyUnderground:

GeothermalSourcesGiveWaytoFossilFuels

（D）TappableEnergyforAmerica’sFuture:

HotDryRocks（D）

（E）HighGeothermalGradientsintheUnitedStates:

MythorReality?

SECTIONB

Fourlegalapproachesmaybefollowedinattemptingtochanneltechnologicaldevelopmentinsociallyusefuldirection:

specificdirectives,marketincentivemodifications,criminalprohibitions,andchangesindecision-makingstructures.Specificdirectivesinvolvethegovernment’sidentifyingoneormorefactorscontrollingresearch,development,orimplementationofagiventechnology.Directivesaffectingsuchfactorsmayvaryfromadministrativeregulationofprivateactivitytogovernmentownershipofatechnologicaloperation.Marketincentivemodificationsaredeliberatealterationsofthemarketwithinwhichprivatedecisionsregardingthedevelopmentandimplementationoftechnologyaremade.Suchmodificationsmayconsistofimposingtaxestocoverthecoststosocietyofagiventechnology,grantingsubsidiestopay