人教版高考英语重难增分篇第四讲定语从句讲与练Word格式.docx
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(2)which常译作“这”;
而as常译作“正如”,且多与see,expect,imagine,know,hope等动词连用。
(3)在定语从句中作主语时,若用as,其谓语部分一般有be;
若谓语是不含be的行为动词时,要用which。
(4)as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事,而which不受此限制。
(5)as常用于固定搭配中:
asisoftenthecase(这是常有的事);
asweexpected(不出所料);
asoftenhappens(正如经常发生的那样);
asisknowntoall(众所周知);
ashasbeensaidbefore(如上所述);
asismentionedabove(正如上面所提到的)等等。
读语篇,悟语法。
反复朗读下列短文,领悟画线和黑体部分。
思考:
引导定语从句的关系词是如何确定。
Itwasthe__summer__of__2012,__when[1]IcametoGuangningNo.1SeniorHighSchool.Ourschoolisa__wonderful__place,__where[2]Icanseealotofbeautifulbuildingsandalargesquare.Our__classroom,__the__roof__of__which[3]lookslikearocketinthedistance,islocatedinthecenterofourschool.The__main__reason__why[4]IlikeourschoolisthatIcanmakemanyfriends.Icangetalongwithmy__classmateshere,two__of__whom[5]aremybestfriends.Jack,who[6]comesfromTanbuJuniorHighSchool,isveryactive.Helikesvarious__sports,among__which[7]helikesrunningverymuch.He__will__run__5__kilometers__every__day,which[8]makeshimlookstrong.Nick,whose[9]fatherisateacherinLianheJuniorHighSchool,studiesveryhard.Weoftentalkaboutthe__people__and__the__thingsthat[10]weseeinourschool.Nickprefersthe__foodthat[11]ismadeinourcanteen.The__teacherwhom[12]helikesisMr.Zhang,ourmathteacher,whilemybelovedteacherismyEnglishteacher,MissChen.Tobehonest,Igraduallyfallinlovewithourschool.
1.先行词是thesummerof2012,在定语从句中作时间状语,用关系副词when(=inwhich,duringwhich)引导定语从句。
2.先行词是awonderfulplace,在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where(=atwhich)引导定语从句。
3.先行词是Ourclassroom,直接在介词of后作其宾语,先行词是物时,只能用which。
theroofofwhich中的of表所属关系,意为“我们教室的屋顶”。
4.先行词是themainreason,在定语从句中作原因状语,只能用why引导。
5.先行词是myclassmates,直接在介词of后作其宾语,先行词是人时,只能用whom。
twoofwhom中的of表示部分与整体的关系,意为“我的同班同学中的两个人”。
6.先行词是Jack,在定语从句中作主语,用who引导。
7.先行词是varioussports,直接在介词among后作宾语,只能用which。
8.先行词是Hewillrun5kilometerseveryday整个句子,并在从句中作主语,用which引导。
9.先行词是Nick,在定语从句中作定语,表示Nick’s,用whose引导。
10.先行词是thepeopleandthethings,既包括人又包括事物,通常只用that引导。
11.先行词是thefood,在定语从句中作主语,故用that或which引导。
12.先行词是theteacher,在定语从句中作likes的宾语,故用whom引导。
Ⅰ.单句填空(用适当的关系词填空)
1.Isthisthereasonthatheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
2.Isthisthereasonwhyhewassocarelessinhiswork?
3.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomewasthathewasill.
4.Helivesinavillagewhichisnotfarfromthecity.
5.Helivesinthevillagewherehewasborn.
6.Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.
7.Inanhour,wetraveltoplaceswherewecanrelaxandgetrefreshed.
8.TheplacewhichinterestedmemostwastheChildren’sPalace.
9.TheplacewherehehadagoodtimelastSundaywastheChildren’sPalace.
10.I’llneverforgetthedayswhenwestudiedtogether.
Ⅱ.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误,每处涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改,请指出并改正。
)
1.Therewasatimethathedidn’tgetalongwellwithhisclassmates.that→when
2.Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhoagreedthatitwasthebestofthisyear.who→whom
3.TheearthquakewasfeltinBeijing,thatismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.that→which
4.Thisisthebestmethodwhichhasbeenusedagainstpollution.which→that
5.Theschoolshop,whichcustomersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.which→whose
6.Whichisreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.Which→As
7.TheGreatWallwasbuiltinatimethatcountrieswereatwar.that→when
8.Shetoldhermothershewouldnotmarryanyonethatshedidn’tlove.that→whom
9.TheschoolwhichIstudiedwas3kilometersawayfrommyhome.which→where/在which前加上at
10.Thereasonwhyhegavefornotcomingwasthathismotherdidn’tallowhimto.why→which/that
Ⅲ.语篇填空(在下面空格处填入1个适当的连接词,使结构完整,语意通顺。
Therewasatime1.________IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedspeakingEnglish.Andthisisthereason2.________myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub,3.________Imetmanystrangers,Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately,myguide,4.________teacherwasLiYang,communicatedwithmefacetoface,from5.________Igainedsomeusefulinstructions.Healsoshowedmeagoodpartner,andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities6.________wedid.Myfatherandtheguide7.________encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglishshouldbeappreciated.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish,into8.________Iputmyentireenergy.EverydayIwillreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIwilljoininEnglishdiscussions.BeforeIgotosleep,Iwillrecallmypassages,through9.________Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.10.________ourEnglishteachersays,“AslongasweformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance,wewillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”
【语篇导读】 本文讲述了作者参加的一次英语学习培训的经历以及这次经历带给他的对英语学习态度的转变。
1.when [先行词是时间,并在从句中充当时间状语。
]
2.why [先行词reason表示原因,并在从句中充当原因状语。
3.where [引导地点定语从句,先行词club是一个地点。
4.whose [引导定语从句,并且在定语从句中作定语,意思是“他的老师是李阳”。
5.whom [根据句子结构和前面from可知填whom。
6.that/which [根据先行词activities表示事情且在从句中作宾语,可知填that/which。
7.who/that [从先行词和句子结构可知,who/that作主语。
8.which [根据前面的介词into以及先行词English可知,填which。
9.which [根据前面的介词through可知填which,which在这里是指代前面整个句子。
10.As [引导定语从句,意思是“正如”。
第二课时 高考研究课
定语从句在语法填空中的考查点
规律方法
一“找”,二“还”,三“替换”
►找:
就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分,再找出先行词和关系词。
►还:
根据先行词提示的意思,把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。
(可以添词)
►替换:
用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分,作主语和宾语用关系代词,作状语用关系副词。
(时间状语用when,地点状语用where,原因状语用why。
同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似,该用what的时候用which/that即可)
例如:
①Thisistheschool________Ioncestudied.
②Thisistheschool________isthemostfamousinthecity.
③Iamstudyingataschool________myfatherteachesEnglish.
找:
(略)
还原:
根据先行词的提示,这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为:
①Ioncestudiedattheschool.
②Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.
③MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool.
黑体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。
替换:
根据“对画线部分提问”的规则,①和③用where,②本该用what,在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。
因此,答案为:
①where;
②that/which;
③where。
根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作的句子成分来确定关系词。
若在从句中作主语或宾语,用关系代词;
若作状语就用关系副词。
真题验证1
1.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,________isnotgoodforthehealth.(2017·
全国卷Ⅰ)
答案 which [which引导非限制性定语从句,which在从句中作主语,指代前面主句的内容。
2.ButSarah,________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017·
全国卷Ⅲ)
答案 who [根据句子结构可知,此处应是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是Sarah,在从句中作主语,故关系代词用who。
3.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,________itremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.(2017·
浙江卷)
答案 where [根据句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为thegarden,在从句中作地点状语,故要用关系副词where。
4.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,________livedfromroughly551to479BC.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.(2016·
答案 who [句中先行词为thegreatChinesescholarConfucius,定语从句中缺少主语,故填who。
5.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016·
答案 when [句中先行词为themid-1980s,定语从句中缺少时间状语,故填when。
6.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.(2015·
答案 that/which [句中先行词为thelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver,定语从句中缺少主语,故填which/that。
7.Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket________peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.(2015·
广东卷)
答案 where [句中先行词为themarket,定语从句中缺少地点状语,故填where。
8.Manyyoungpeople,mostof________werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.(2016·
江苏卷改编)
答案 whom [句中先行词为manyyoungpeople,定语从句中缺少主语,且所填关系词为介词of的宾语,故填whom。
9.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon________schooleducationdepends.(2015·
安徽卷改编)
答案 which [句中先行词为thefundamentalskill,定语从句中缺少宾语,且所填关系词为介词on的宾语,故填which。
定语从句在短文改错中的考查点
第一步:
判断是否为定语从句,what不引导定语从句是常考点;
第二步:
判断是何种定语从句,that不引导非限制性定语从句是常考点;
第三步:
分析关系词在定语从句中所作成分,关系词混用是常考点。
真题验证2
1.Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(2017·
全国卷Ⅱ)________
答案 that→which [关系词的混用。
that不能够引导非限制性定语从句,故改为which。
2.ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.(2016·
四川卷)________
答案 what→that/which,或者去掉what [首先判断dishes后面的从句为定语从句,what不引导定语从句;
其次定语从句中缺少宾语。
3.Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(全国卷Ⅱ)________
第三课时 写作增分课
定语从句在写作中的增分点
一、用as作关系代词写句子
1.起初,我认为李老师有点怪,因为他总是问一些没人能回答的问题。
(kindofodd,suchquestionsas)
At__first,__I__thought__Mr.__Li__was__kind__of__odd,__because__he__was__always__asking__such__questions