安徽省黄山市学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题Word下载.docx

安徽省黄山市学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题Word下载.docx

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NASAStudentCompetitions

NASAHumanExplorationRoverChallenge

Teamsofhighschoolandcollegestudentsarechallengedtodesignandbuildahuman-poweredvehicletotravelacrossthesimulated（模拟的）surfaceofanotherworld.Thecourseincludes14roadblocksand5tasks,andteamsmustsuccessfullyfollowNASAinstructions.EachU.S.schoolmayenteruptotwoteams.Forinternationalentries,nomorethanfourteamsfromeachcountrywillbeaccepted.

InternationalTeamRegistrationDeadline:

July12

U.S.TeamRegistrationDeadline:

August16

NASALunaboticsCompetition

Lunaboticschallengesteamstodesign,buildandruntheirautonomouslyoperatedrobot,travelthroughsimulatedoff-worldareasanddigthesimulatedlunarsoil.Thischallengeincludespresentationsanddemonstrations,andasystemsengineeringpaperexplainingthemethodologytheteamusestodesignandbuildtheirrobot.

RegistrationDeadline:

July18

NASASUITSDesignChallenge

NASASpacesuitUserInterfaceTechnologiesforStudents（SUITS）givesstudentsanauthenticengineeringdesignexperiencesupportingNASA’sArtemismission—landingAmericanastronautssafelyontheMoonby2024!

ThisactivitychallengesstudentstodesignandcreatespacesuitinformationdisplayswithinARenvironments.

ProposalDeadline:

July25

2020BIGIdeaChallenge

NASA’s2020Breakthrough,InnovativeandGame-changing（BIG）IdeaChallengeisopentoteamsof5to20students.Teamsarechallengedtosubmitproposalsforsamplelunarpayloads（有效载荷）thatdemonstratetechnologysystemsneededforexplorationandscienceinthepermanentlyshadowedregionsinandneartheMoon’spolarregions.Selectedteamswillreceiveawardsfrom$50,000to$180,000tobringtheirideastolife!

EntryDeadline:

1．John,astudentwhoisgoodatdesigningvehicles,canenter______________.

A．2020BIGIdeaChallengeB．NASALunaboticsCompetition

C．NASASUITSDesignChallengeD．NASAHumanExplorationRoverChallenge

2．WhatdoesNASALunaboticsCompetitionrequireofparticipants?

A．TheyneedtofinishbuildingtheirrobotonJuly18.

B．Theyhavetocompleteacourseof5tasks.

C．Theyneedtocreatetheirownsimulatedenvironments.

D．Theyshouldwriteapapershowinghowtheybuildtheirrobot.

3．Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthelasttwocompetitionsistrue?

A．TheybothrequiresubmittingproposalsbeforeAugust.

B．Theybothaskparticipantstobringtheirideastolife.

C．TheyarebothpreparationsforMoonexploration.

D．Bothofthemwillpresentwinnerswithbigawards.

Theotherdayonacoldnight,IleftmywifeanddrovefromHarrisburgtoLewisburg,adistanceofabout100miles.Itwasratherlate.SeveraltimesIgotstuckbehindaslow-movingtruckonanarrowroadwithasolidwhitelineonmyleft,andIbecameincreasinglyimpatient.

Atonepointalonganopenroad,Icametoacrossingwithatrafficlight.Iwasaloneontheroadbynow,butasIdrovenearthelight,itturnedredandImadeastop.Ilookedleft,rightandbehindme.Nothing.Notacar,nosuggestionofcarlamps,butthereIsat,waitingforthelighttochange,theonlyhumanbeingforatleastamileinanydirection.

IstartedwonderingwhyIrefusedtorunthelight.Iwasnotafraidofbeingcaught,becausetherewasclearlynopolicemanaround,andtherecertainlywouldhavebeennodangeringoingthroughit.

Muchlaterthatnight,thequestionofwhyI’dstoppedforthatlightcamebacktome.IthinkIstoppedbecauseit’spartofacontractweallhavewitheachother.It’snotonlythelaw,butit’sanagreementwehave,andwetrusteachothertohonorit:

wedon’tgothroughredlights.

Trustisourfirstinclination.Doubtingothersdoesnotseemtobenaturaltous.Thewholeconstructionofoursocietydependsonmutualtrust,notdistrust.Wedowhatwesaywe’lldo;

weshowupwhenwesaywe’llshowup;

andwepaywhenwesaywe’llpay.Wetrusteachotherinthesematters,andwe’reangryordisappointedwiththepersonororganizationthatbreaksthetrustwehaveinthem.

Iamsoproudofmyselfforstoppingfortheredlightthatnight.

4．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthetruckdriver?

A．Pleased.B．Satisfied.C．Sorry.D．Annoyed.

5．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?

A．Hehatesdrivingatnight.B．Hedesiredtocrosstheredlightthatnight.

C．Heapprovesofobeyingtrafficrulesbyhimself.D．Heiseasywhensufferingthetrafficjam.

6．Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“inclination”inparagraph5?

A．Tendency.B．Faith.

C．Adjustment.D．Guidance.

7．What’sthemessagetheauthortriestoconvey?

A．Politenessmatters.B．Holdbeliefinhumannature.

C．Peopleshouldbepatientandhelpful.D．There’saneedtoimprovetrafficrules.

BillGates’bodymightliveinthepresent,buthisbrainlivesinthefuture.Hehasmadeacareeroutofpredictingwhatwillhappeninmattersofcomputing,publichealthandtheenvironment.Hecorrectlypredictedtheriseofsmartphonesandsocialmedia,andhislatestpredictionscouldcometrue,too.Here’swhatGatespredictsforthefutureofourworld.

InhisAnnualLetter2015,GatesmadethepredictionthatAfrica’sagricultureindustrywouldincreaseproductivityby50%by2030.Nowthecontinentbuysabout$50billionworthoffoodfromothercountrieseachyear,although70%ofpeopleinAfricaarefarmers.“Inthenext15years，however，creationsinfarmingwillsolvethefoodprobleminAfrica,”Gateswrote.“Theworldhasalreadydevelopedcropsthataremoreproductive;

withallthetechnologies,Africanfarmerscouldpossiblydoubletheirharvests.”

By2035,therecouldbealmostnopoorcountries.InhisAnnualLetter2014,Gatesbravelypredictedthatcontinuedlevelsofforeignhelpcouldmeantherewouldbealmostnomorepoorcountriesby2035.“Almostallcountrieswillbewhatwenowcalllower-middleincomeorricher,”Gatesexplained.“Countrieswilllearnfromtheirmostproductiveneighborsandbenefitfromthingslikebetterseedsandthedigitalrevolution.”

By2030,theworldwilldiscoveraclean-energybreakthroughtopowerourworld.OneofGate’smorehopefulpredictionswhichcamein2016saidthatwind,solar,orsomeotherrenewableresourceswouldpowermostoftheworldwithin15years.“Thedifficultywefaceisbig,perhapsbiggerthanmanypeopleimagine,”hewroteinhisletter.“Butsoisthechancetomakethingsbetter.”Manyofthepoorcountrieshevisitedhadnorunningwaterorelectricity.Atnightthismeanttheycouldn’tlightorpowertheirhomes,andkeepbusinessesopen.”Iftheworldcanfindatypeofcheap,cleanenergy,itwilldomorethanpreventclimatechange,”hewrote.“Itwillchangethelivesofmillionsofthepoorestfamilies.”

8．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofGates’predictions?

A．Theysoundquiteunreal.B．Theyaremainlyaboutcomputers.

C．Theywillprobablycometrue.D．Theyhaven’tproducedanyendresult.

9．HowistheagricultureinAfrica?

A．Itislosingitsworkforce.B．Itisinneedofproductivity.

C．Itcansatisfythelocalneeds.D．ItisasbackwardasAfrica’sindustry.

10．WhatshouldpoorcountriesdoaccordingtoGates?

A．Useexpensiveseeds.B．Expectlessforeignhelp.

C．Relyonthedigitalrevolution.D．Learnfromtheexperienceofothercountries.

11．What’sGates’attitudetoclean-energydevelopment?

A．It’snoeasytask.B．It’shardtoimagine.

C．Itcanputclimatechangetoanend.D．Ithaslittletodowithpoorfamilies.

TherealityTVwildlifeeditionhasjustcometoadramaticend.Theworldwatchedasthebearspackedonpoundsbeforetheywentintotheirden（兽穴）forthewinter.Overthenextfewmonths,FatBearWeekwinner,435Holly,willgointohibernation（冬眠）.Whydobearsdothis?

Themysteriesaroundhibernatingbearshaveattractedcuriousresearchersforages.Whatishibernation,andwhatcausesit?

Andprobablymostinterestingly—couldhumansdothissomeday?

Dr.KellyDrew,whostudieshibernation,isoneofthescientistsconsultingonaprojectfundedbyNASA,lookingtoputhumansintohibernationforspaceflight.“Forsendingpeopletospace,Ithinkourfirststepistoperfectshort-termhibernation-likeperiodsinhumans,”shesays.“Ifwecanfigurethisout,wecanthentryforlongerperiods.”Westillhavealongwaytogobeforethissciencefictiondreambecomesareality,butseveralscientistsaroundthecountryhavebeenstudyinghibernation.

CoryWilliams,attheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanks,says,“Ahugevarietyofmammals（哺乳动物）hibernate.However,hibernationinbearsisdifferentfromthatinsmallmammals…theirbodytemperatureonlydropsafewdegreesandtheydon’texperienceperiodicrewarming.”Ingeneral,mammalswithlowerbodytemperaturesduringhibernationawakeneveryfewdaystoraisetheirbodytemperature,oreatabit.Bearsdonotemergeforanyoftheseactivities.Instead,theyliveoffthefattheyhavecollectedduringthesummerandautumnmonthsandevenrecycletheirmetabolic（新陈代谢的）waste.

Atthemoment,thestudyofhibernationhasandcontinuestocontributegreatlytoapplicationsinthehumanworld.Forexample,bearsareabletomaintaintheirbonemassduringhibernation,andunderstandingthiscouldhelpadvancethestudyoftreatingpeoplewithweakbones.Perhapsoneday,itwillbethekeytosendinghumansfaroffintospacetoo.

12．Whyis435HollymentionedinParagraph1?

A．ToshowthepopularityofFatBearWeek.B．Tointroducethetopicofhibernation.

C．Tocallfortheprotectionofbears.D．ToadvertiserealityTV.

13．Howdobearshibernate?

A．Theyproducenewbodyfat.

B．Theylowertheirbodytemperaturegreatly.

C．Theysleepthroughthewhol