考研英语一真题完整版文档格式.docx

考研英语一真题完整版文档格式.docx

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4 

pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth 

5 

.While1%mayseem 

6 

itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,"

Mostpeopledonoteven 

7 

theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho 

8 

ourkin."

　　Thestudy 

9 

foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityinolfactorygenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.10Perhaps,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore 

11 

it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingintandemthat 

12 

usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends 

13 

than"

functionalkinship"

ofbeingfriendswith 

14 

!

Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving 

15 

thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp 

16 

whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor 

17factor.

　　Thefindingsdonotsimplycorroboratepeople'

s 

18 

tobefriendthoseofsimilar19 

backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento 

20 

thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamepopulation.Theteamalsocontrolledthedatatocheckancestryofsubjects.

　　SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　1、What

　　2、Concluded

　　3、On

　　4、Compared

　　5、Samples

　　6、Insignificant

　　7、Know

　　8、Resemble

　　9、Also

　　10、Perhaps

　　11、To

　　12、Drive

　　13、Ratherthan

　　14、Benefits

　　15、Faster

　　16、understand

　　17、Contributory

　　18、Tendency

　　19、Ethnic

　　20、see

　　PartA

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　TEXT1

　　KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted"

kingsdon'

tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep."

ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicansleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?

DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

　　TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarized,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabove"

mere"

politiesand"

embody"

aspiritofnationalunity.

　　Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpolitiesthatexplainsmonarchy'

scontinuingpopularityasheadsofstate.Andso,theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms（notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra）.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.

　　Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory-andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarmingofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.

　　Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses（orhelicopters）.Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

　　WhileEurope'

smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

　　ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy'

sreputationwithherratherordinary（ifwell-heeled）grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy'

sworstenemies.

　　21.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain

　　[A]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals.

　　[B]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport.

　　[C]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals.

　　[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment.

　　22.MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly

　　[A]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto.

　　[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality.

　　[C]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus.

　　[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment.

　　23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

　　[A]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.

　　[B]Aristocrats'

excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.

　　[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.

　　[D]Thenobility'

sadherencetotheirprivileges.

　　24.TheBritishroyals"

havemosttofear"

becauseCharles

　　[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.

　　[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.

　　[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.

　　[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.

　　25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

　　[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

　　[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

　　[C]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

　　[D]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

　　21.Dendedhisreigninembarrassment.

　　22.Cowingtotheundoubtedandrespectablestatus

　　23.Atheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracy

　　24.Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised.

　　25.DCarlos,alessonforallMonarchies

TEXT2

　　JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?

TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

　　Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

　　ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia'

sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

　　TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia'

slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspect'

spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'

tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone'

ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee'

sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof"

cloudcomputing."

meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

　　ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia'

sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution'

sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:

Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;

theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

　　26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

　　[A]searchforsuspects'

mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

　　[B]checksuspects'

phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

　　[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

　　[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.

　　27.Theauthor'

sattitudetowardCalifornia'

sargumentisoneof

　　[A]tolerance.

　　[B]indifference.

　　[C]disapproval.

　　[D]cautiousness.

　　28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone'

sphonecontentiscomparableto

　　[A]gettingintoone'

sresidence.

　　[B]handingone'

shistoricalrecords.

　　[C]scanningone'

scorrespondences.

　　[D]goingthroughone'

swallet.

　　29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

　　[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

　　[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

　　[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.

　　[D]citizens'

privacyisnoteffectiveprotected.

　　30.OrinKerr'

scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat

　　（A）theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.

　　（B）NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.

　　（C）California'

sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.

　　（D）PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshould