从概念隐喻角度分析BBC新闻和VOA新闻Word文档下载推荐.docx

从概念隐喻角度分析BBC新闻和VOA新闻Word文档下载推荐.docx

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从概念隐喻角度分析BBC新闻和VOA新闻WangHeng（TianjinUniversityRenaiCollege，Tianjin，301636）［Abstract］Newshasbecomeanimportantwayofgettinginformationfromhomeandabroad，andknowingtheconceptualmetaphorinnewscouldhelppeopleunderstanditbetter.ThepaperisananalysisofBBCNewsandVOANewsfromtheperspectiveofconceptualmetaphor.AnditaimsatfindingoutthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenBBCNewsandVOANews，therefore，itsummariestheconceptualmetaphorthatareutilizedinBBCNewsandVOANewsanddrawstheconclusion，sothepapercouldfinallyhelppeopleunderstandBBCNewsandVOANewsbetter.［Keywords］conceptualmetaphor，BBCNews，VOANews［中图分类号］H313［文献标识码］A［文章编号］1672-8610（2016）05-0045-06［作者简介］王亨，男，内蒙古人，天津大学仁爱学院助理实验师，硕士研究生。

I.IntroductionTheconceptualmetaphor，andadetailedexaminationoftheunderlyingprocesses，wasfirstextensivelyexploredbyGeorgeLakoffandMarkJohnsonintheirworkMetaphorsWeLiveBy.Therearethreekindsofconceptualmetaphor，ie，theontologicalmetaphor，whichisunderstandingourexperiencesintermsofobjectsandsubstancessothatitcouldallowustopickoutpartsofourexperienceandtreatthemasdiscreteentitiesorsubstancesofauniformkind（Lakoff，Johnson，1980，26）；

theorientationalmetaphorisakindofmetaphorthatmostofthemhavetodowithspatialorientation：

up-down，in-out，front-back，on-off，deep-shallow，central-peripheral（Lakoff，Johnson，1980，15）；

andstructuralmetaphorisaboutcaseswhereoneconceptismetaphoricallystructuredintermsofanother.ThisresearchconcernstheconceptualmetaphorsinBBCNewsandVOANews，andtherearesomeconceptualmetaphorsinBBCNewsandVOANewsarenoteasytobeunderstoodbecausecultural，experientialandotherfactors，andsometimeswecouldnotfindsomesocalled“deadmetaphor”whichweusecommonlyinourcommunicationanddonotfeeltheyaremetaphors.Ⅱ.AnalysisofBBCNewsandVOANewsfromthePerspectiveofConceptualMetaphor2.1ThepoliticaldiscourseanalysisThematerialsunderthisdiscoursearefromofficialwebsitesofBBCandVOA，whichareaboutPutin’swiningofRussianelection.1.WarmetaphorMappingTable1ThemappingofwarmetaphorinpoliticaldiscourseXia（2011）saysthatwarmetaphorisbasedonsomesimilaritiesbetweeneconomic，politicalfieldsandwar，andtherearesomebasicelementsintheentityofwar，suchasbattlefield，rivals，andfightingpurpose.Whentheseelementsaremappedontoeconomicandpoliticalfields，theywouldhelppeopleunderstandtheabstracteconomicandpolitical“war”.Thefollowingsaresomespecificexamples：

BBC：

1.MrPutintoldsupportersatarallyincentralMoscowtheyhadwoninanopenandhonestbattle.2.“Weprovedthatno-onecanforceanythingonus.”3.Apparentlymovedtotears，heroaredintriumphatthecrowdanddescribedtheelectionasabattleforsurvivalagainstadangerousfoewhohadnowbeenvanquished.VOA：

4.Putinwonapresidentialelectionlaterthatyearandagainin20045.PutinWinsABattle，ButIsHeLosingtheWar？

6.…duringhiscampaignhemadepromisesoflavishspendingtowinsupportthattheRussianeconomysimplycan’tsustain.2.HumanmetaphorMappingTable2ThemappingofhumanmetaphorfromwarmetaphorinpoliticaldiscourseInfact，whenittalksaboutsomeelementsofwarinwarmetaphor，suchasbattlefield，resultofwar，itappliestheontologicalmetaphor—humanmetaphortodescribethem.Therefore，inwarmetaphoritcontainshumanmetaphorinpoliticaldiscourse.Thefollowingsaresomespecificexamples：

1.Exitpollsandpreliminaryresultsgavehimabout60%ofthevote.2.Butitcouldeatawayathisauthorityif，asinDecember，itpropelsoutragedcitizensontothestreetsagaintoprotestinlargenumbersatanunfairsystem.3.Russiamaynotbefacingrevolution.VOA：

4.PreliminaryresultsgivePutin64percentofthevoteandhisclosestrival，CommunistPartychiefGennadyZyuganov，17percent.Threeothercandidateswonlessthan10percent.5.Hemustgovernadeeplyfracturedcountryinwhichsignificantnumbersofitsfledglingmiddleclassseehisreturntopowerasillegitimate—andhavetakentothestreetstomaketheircase.ItwasalsodiscoveredthatinBBCNewstheaspectsrivalandbattlefieldappearmorethaninVOANews，whileVOANewsstressesnoone.Thefollowingsaresomespecificexamples：

1.MeanwhiletensofthousandsofsupportersofMrPutingatheredwithRussianflagsandbannersoutsidetheKremlinforaconcerttocelebratehisvictory.2.“Weprovedthatno-onecanforceanythingonus.”VOA：

3.HetearfullygreetedtensofthousandsofsupportersoutsidetheKremlinSunday，thankingthemforstoppingthecountryfrom，inhiswords，“fallingintothehandsofenemiestryingtousurppower.”Besidesthisdifference，BBCNewsandVOANewshasanotherdifferencewhicharedifferenttrendsofusingwords.Herearesomeexamples：

1.Thereistightsecurityinthecity，with6，000extrapolicebroughtinfromoutside2.Theelectionwasheldagainstabackdropofpopulardiscontent，sparkedbyallegationsofwidespreadfraudduringDecember’sparliamentaryelectionsinfavourofMrPutin’sUnitedRussiaparty.3.RepeatedlyMrPutinhaswarnedthatsomeactivists，fuelledbysupportfromabroad，mightbetryingtofuelpublicdisorderwiththeaimofsowingtheseedsofchaosandbringingdownthegovernment.4.HethoughttheycouldhaveafruitfuldialogueaboutMrProkhorov’splantosetupanewpoliticalparty.5.ButtheharshpopulistlanguagethatpepperedMrPutin’sspeechesduringtheelectioncampaigndoleaveopenanoppositepossibility.SourcedomainTargetdomain1ClothesSecurity2FireDiscontent3Car/plantingDisorder/chaos4HarvestDialogue5PepperLanguageVOA：

1.EuropeanobserverssayRussia’spresidentialelectionwasclearlyskewedtofavorPrimeMinisterVladimirPutin，whowonbyalandslide2.Incontrasttohisrisetopoweroveradecadeagowhenhewashailedasatough-mindedsaviorwhowouldbringstabilitytoRussiaafterthechaosofthe1990s.3.He’salsolostthewarthathecan’tconvincetheprotestersthatRussiaisontracktowardmodernizationandapluralisticpoliticalsystem.“SourcedomainTargetdomain1StickElection2RainPeople3TrainCountry2.2TheMilitaryDiscourseAnalysisThematerialsinthisdiscoursearefromofficialwebsitesofBBCandVOA，whichareaboutNorthKorealaunchingofarocket.

1.WarmetaphorMappingTable3ThemappingofwarmetaphorinmilitarydiscourseInmilitarydiscourse，itislikeinpoliticaldiscourse.Thefollowingsaresomespecificexamples：

1.RussiasaidonTuesdaysaidthatPyongyang’splansshowed“disregard”fortheresolutions.2.“Wecallonpartiesconcernedtostaycalm，exerciserestraintandavoidescalationoftensionsontheKoreanpeninsula，”foreignministryspokesmanLiuWeiminsaidatapressbriefingonTuesday.3.APentagonspokesmansaidUSDefenceSecretaryLeonPanettahadspokentohisSouthKoreancounterpartonthephonelateMonday.Bothleaderswouldregardthelaunch“asaseriousprovocation”，thespokesmansaid.VOA：

4.Aninitialconclusion：

NorthKoreaseemstohavemadesignificantprogresssinceitsfailedattempt，threeyearsago，toconductathree-stagelaunchandputasatelliteintoorbit.5.Kaneda，inanNHKinterview，notedanapparentclusteroffourrocketengineshousedinthefirststage.Hedescribedthatasworrisomebecausefournozzlesinthefirststageleavenodoubtthatthisrocketcouldbeutilizedasalong-rangeballisticmissile，capableofnotonlyreachingJapan，butalsotheU.S.mainland.6.ThedefenseministryspokesmansaysthatbecauseSouthKoreanofficialsdidnotvisitthere，theyarenotinapositiontocommentonthetechnicalcapabilitiesoftheNorthKoreanrocket.2.HumanmetaphorMappingTable4ThemappingofhumanmetaphorfromwarmetaphorinmilitarydiscourseInthemilitarydiscourse，COUNTRYISAPERSONisthehumanmetaphorthatappearsmosttimes.Thefollowingsaresomeexamples.BBC：

1.NorthKoreaispoisedtocompletepreparationsforitsrocketlaunchscheduledforlaterthisweek，anofficialsaidinPyongyang2.China，oneofNorthKorea’sclosestallies，urgedallpartiestoremaincalm.3.JapanandSouthKoreahavewarnedtheywillshoottherocketdownifitthreatenstheirterritory.VOA：

4.NorthKoreasaysthethirdstageistocarryanearthobservationsatelliteintoanorth-southorbit.5.BothSouthKoreaandJapanarevowingtoattempttoshootdowntheNorthKoreanrocketifitsveersoffcourseandovertheirterritories.6.NorthKoreahasnotifiedrelevantinternationalaviationandmaritimeauthoritiesthatitwillconductthelaunchbetweenThursdaymorningandnextMonday.Inmilitarydiscourse，thedifferencesbetweenBBCNewsandVOANewsofapplyingconceptualmetaphorcouldbeseenfromtwoways，thefirstoneistheyhavedifferentemphasisinwarmetaphor，thesecondoneisthatwhenconcretethingsareconcerned，theytendtousedifferentmetaphors，thefollowingsaresomeexamples：

1.Asthe100，000peoplefiledoutofthesquareourgroupofjournalistswashurriedawaybyourminders.2.PyongyanghadagreedinFebruarytoapartialfreezeinnuclearactivitiesandamissiletestmoratoriuminreturnforUSfoodaidSourcedomainTargetdomain1FilePeople2IceactivityVOA：

1.VideoimagesandphotographstakenduringamediaviewingofwhatNorthKoreaiscallingtheUnha-3rockethavegivendefenseanalystsandtheintelligencecommunityafreshopportunitytoassessthestateofPyongyang’sballisticmissiledevelopment.2.Butratheronthelev