winter English Training.docx
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winterEnglishTraining
一.简单句
英语句子只有6个组成部分:
主语,谓语,宾语,宾补,状语,定语.也叫做6种句子成份.
一,句子成份:
A主语:
句子说明的主体和对象,通常位于句首.S.
MyfatherlikestogoontheInternet.
B谓语:
用于说明主语的动作,状态,身份,特征等内容,一般紧跟主语后面.谓语有两种:
动词型谓语(由1~4个动词构成)和系表型谓语(系动词be加表语)V./Lv.
动词型:
Tomisrunningoutside.
系表型:
Janeisveryquiet.
C宾语:
表示谓语动作涉及的对象,通常位于谓语或介词之后.O.
Iwillwrite100books.
Mostofthestudentsincludingthenewcomerwerelatefortheclass.
D宾补:
补充说明宾语的动作,状态,身份,特征等内容.通常位于宾语的后面.OC.
Myauntaskedmetocallyou.
Withhishandstied,hecouldnotmove.
E状语:
修饰说明谓语的成分,说明谓语动作的时间,地点,速度,方式,程度,手段等内容,大多数时候位于句尾,少数时候位于谓语前.Adv.
Thegirliswalkingslowly.
Tiredbuthappy,theboyswenthome.
F定语:
修饰名词(代词,数词,-ing式)的一种辅助成分,限定名词的性质,特征,数量,状态,类别等内容.定语有些放在被修饰的名词前,有些放在被修饰名词后,放在前边的叫前置定语,放在后边的叫后置定语.Att.
Twomaps. Twolargenewmaps Twolargenewmapsoftheworld.
注意:
句子的核心是”主语+谓语”,其他都是补充说明的辅助成分.
句型:
A主谓宾结构:
1、主语:
可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词,主语从句等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
TheboycomesfromAmericaHemadeaspeech.Twoandtwoisfour.
Tobeateacherismydream.Doingaresearchisanecessarystepofcoveringastory.
ThatBeijingwillhosttheOlympicsisanhonourforeveryChinese.
=ItisanhonourforeveryChineseThatBeijingwillhosttheOlympics.
1)_______heissupposedtowinthegoldenmedalturnedouttobeagreatpressure.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhyD.How
2)______theballinthepalacebroughtgreathonourtoanofficeworkerinthegovernment.
A.AttendingB.ToattendC.HisattendingD.Tobeattended
3)Theonly2universities_____areconsideredastopuniversitiesinBeijingrankNo.10to20inthewholeworld.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what
2、谓语:
谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,
Wecome. Manychangestookplaceinmyhometown.
4)Nothing______tomethoughIcamelatetoclassagain.
A.happenB.washappenedC.washappeningD.willhappen
5)Wecome.We_____andwe_____!
A.see;conquerB.sees;conquerC.see;conquersD.seeing;conquering
3、宾语:
宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:
me,him,them等。
除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式,宾语从句等可以作宾语。
Iwilldoittomorrow.Theboyneedsapen.Ilikeswimming.
Iliketoswimthisafternoon.WeallhopethatChinawillwinthemostgoldmedals.
6)Hemeant______thebosstogiveuptheinvestment,butwasturnedadeafearto.
A.toadviseB.advisingC.tosuggestD.suggesting
7)Nooneknowsforsure________.
A.wherewewillbethistimenextyearB.Wherewillwebethistimenextyear
C.wherewewouldbethistimenextyearD.Wherewouldwebethistimenextyear
8)TomHanksissuchapopularactor______wealllikehim.
A.asB.thatC.whoD.whom
B主系表结构:
1、主语:
同‘主谓宾’结构。
2、谓语:
联系动词(Linkverb):
be动词am,is,are,was,were,havebeen;
其他联系动词如:
become,turn,go,grow,fall;
感官动词如:
feel,sound,look,smell,taste;
状态动词如:
remain,stay,keep,seem,appear
9)Thehotweather,asisforecast,______forseveralweeks.
A.willbestayingB.willstayC.willremainD.willberemained
10)It’seasierforchildrento______illinsummerthaninWinter.
A.turnB.growC.fallD.feel
3、表语:
说明主语的状态、性质、等。
可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。
Tomisaboy.Hebecameateacheratlast.Hisfaceturnedred.
Helookswell.Itsoundsnice.Ifellilllastnight.Theeggremainsgoodfor2weeks.
11)Fortunately,hewasstill_____,thoughburiedintheruinsformorethan5days.
A.aliveB.livingC.liveD.lively
12)He______thetablewhich______smooth.
A.felt;feltB.felt;wasfeelingC.feels;feelD.isfelt;isfeeling
CTherebe结构:
Therebe表示‘存在有’。
这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
Therewasaboythere.Thereseemstobenosenseindoingso.
13)There______nohopeforthemtogetacrosstheriverwiththebridgedestroyed.
A.isB.areC.wasD.hasbeen
14)There_____twotreesattheentrancetotheschool.
A.usedtohaveB.seemstohaveC.standD.lie
15)Theremusthavebeensomehardshipbehindthoseeyes,______?
A.mustn’tthereB.isn’titC.wasn’tthereD.hasn’tit
三,句子结构常考点:
A定语:
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘…的’表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:
something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。
副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
(一)形容词作定语:
Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.
(二)数词作定语相当于形容词:
Twoboysneedtwopens.
(三)形容词性物主代词或名词所有格作定语:
HisboyneedsTom'spen.TherearetwoboysofTomsthere.
(四)介词短语作定语:
Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.
TheboyinblueisTom.Therearetwoboysof9,andthreeof10.
(五)名词作定语:
Theboyneedsaballpen.
(六)副词作定语:
(后置)Theboythereneedsapen.
(七)不定式作定语:
Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen.
(八)分词(短语)作定语:
Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.
(九)定语从句:
Theboywhoisreadingneedsapen.
B、状语:
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:
通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时