高中英语语法专题复习讲义(有答案).doc
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高中英语语法专题复习讲义
一、名词
【知识点】
一、可数名词的复数构成规则:
1.规则变化:
加-s,-es;辅音字母加y结尾的去y加ies;把f/fe变成ves;
(1)keys,threeHenrys;stomachs;safes;beliefs;proofs;roofs;gulfs;chiefs;heroes;potatoes;tomatoes;Negroes;dingoes
(2)缩写,数字,字母等在后面加s或’s都可,如:
someVIPs(VIP’s);inhis50s/50’s;inthe1990s/1990’s;Therearetwot’sintheword“letter”.
2.不规则变化:
(1)men,children,feet,teeth,geese,mice;oxen等;
(2)单复数形式相同:
sheep;deer;fish;means;works(工厂);Chinese;Japanese;Swiss;(teas,fruits,fishes,metals等表示种类);
(3)只有复数形式:
trousers,glasses(眼镜);remains(遗体/物);clothes;ashes;contents(目录);goods;customs(海关);arms(武器);
(4)复合名词的复数形式:
shoeshops;lookers-on;grown-ups;passers-by;daughters-in-law
(5)表示某国人的复数形式:
A:
单复一样:
(Chinese/Japanese)B:
把man变成men:
Englishmen;Frenchmen;C:
其它加s(包括Germans,humans)
二、不可数名词
1.量的表示:
用some/alittle/much等表示数量的词(组)及单位名词(量词),用得较多的有piece,article,bottle,head,loaf,bar等:
apieceofadvice/bread/news/information/equipment/chalk/cloth/clothing/music/work/furniture/paper/wood/baggage;aloafofbread;abarofchocolate;twoheadofcattle
2.不可数名词具体化:
Thesegamesaregreatsuccesses;Thepartywasagreatsuccess.
三、名词的所有格:
1.表示有生命的名词后加’s,如一样东西为几人共有,则在最后一个名词后加’s:
JackandTom’sroom(两人共有的房间);Jack’sandTom’srooms(两人各自的房间);表示无生命的名词的所有格用of表示:
thewindowsoftheroom;
(但表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词后也可加’s:
China’sindustry;today’spaper;tenminutes’walk)
2.表示“某人家里”“某店铺”等的名词所有格后省略所修饰的名词:
atmyaunt’s(house);atthedoctor’s(office);gotothechemist’s(shop);
3.双重所有格:
a/an/this/that/these/those/some/any/afew/no/every/several/such/another/which等+名词+of+…..’s/名词性物主代词(表示“部分”的概念或表示某种感情色彩,如:
赞赏、讨厌等);
比较:
afriendofhermother’s她母亲的一个朋友(强调她母亲的朋友中的一位,为双重所有格)
afriendofhermother她母亲的朋友(强调两人间的关系,为of所有格)
apictureofhisbrother’s(他弟弟的所拥有的照片中的一张,照片上不一定是他本人)
apictureofhisbrother(他弟弟本人的一张照片,照片上就是他本人)
四、名词作定语修饰名词:
前一个名词表示后一个名词的材质及用途;
(1)一般前面的名词用单数形式,复数加在后面主体名词上:
shoeshop(s);storybook(s);coffeecup(s);physicsteacher(s);个别名词修饰另外一个名词用复数形式:
salesmanager;sportsmeet;由man/woman与另一个名词构成复合名词两者都变复数:
men/womendoctors;
(2)比较名词作定语及形容词作定语的不同意义:
adustbag(abagfordust)装灰尘的袋子/adustybag布满灰尘的袋子achemicalchange化学变化(具有化学性质的变化)/achemistryteacher(ateacherofchemistry)一个化学老师
agoldwatch一只金表(表材质)/agoldenwatch一只金黄色的表
五、英语中”很多”的表达:
只修饰可数名词:
quiteafew/agreatmany(of)/many/a(large/small)numberof
只修饰不可数名词:
agreatdealof/agreatamountof(greatamountsof)
既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词:
plentyof/alotof(lotsof)/a(large)quantityof/largequantitiesof
【练习】
1.Noregularadvertiserdareproduceanythingthatfailstosticktothe_____ofhisadvertisement.
A.standard B.level C.message D.promise
2.-----Whatdoyouthinkofhiscomposition?
------Muchbetter,butthere’sstillsome______forimprovement.
A.space B.room C.area D.place
3.Sometimesdoctorsmakehigher______fortheirworkthantheyshould.
A.bills B.charges C.costs D.prices
4.The______ofabigsnakemadeherfrightened,soshesattherestill.
A.sight B.look C.view D.scene
5.No______shefellill,consideringthatshehadbeenoverworkingforyears.
A.problem B.way C.wonder D.matter
6.-----Howisitthatyoulostyourway?
------WhenIcametothecrossroads,Iwentthewrong________.
A.way B.direction C.distance D.path
7.LittleTomaskedmeforsmall_________forhis_________,soIgavehim________.
A.change;tenpennies;tenpence B.changes;tenpennies;tenpence
C.change;tenpence;tenpennies D.changes;tenpence;tenpennies
8.Willyoupleasetellme_______youaretalkingabout?
A.whichZhangYimou’sfilm B.whichfilmofZhangYimou
C.whichfilmofZhangYimou’s D.zhangYimou’swhichfilm
9.Thebabybrokea_______whichismadeof_____justnow.
A.teacup;glass B.cupoftea;glassC.tea’scup;glassesD.teacup;glasses
10.Look,Motherhasjustboughtthree_______and_______.
A.fruit;lotsofvegetables B.fruits;anumberofvegetables
C.fruit;agreatmanyofthevegetables D.fruits;agreatamountofvegetables
11.Ifyougetthejobyou’llhavetomakebusiness______everynowandthen.
A.journeys B.trips C.travels D.voyages
12.Ilistenedtohislectureaboutbiology,butImissedthekey______.
A.messages B.sense C.notes D.points
13.Heisalwaysfullof______asthoughheneverknewtiredness.
A.strength B.force C.power D.energy
14.Therehasbeenagreat_______inthenumberofcarsinourcityinthepastfiveyears.
A.increase B.improvement C.result D.effect
15.Idon’tthinkit’smy______thattheTVdoesn’twork.Ijustturneditoff.
A.mistake B.fault C.duty D.error
16.------What’sthe______ofthispairofshoes?