大学英语六级考试真题Word格式.docx
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WhatWilltheWorldBeLikeinFiftyYears?
Thisweeksometopscientists,includingNobelPrizewinners,gavetheirvisionofhowtheworldwilllookin2056,fromgas-poweredcarstoextraordinaryhealthadvances,JohnInghamreportsonwhattheworld’sfinestmindsbelieveourfutureswillbe.
Forthoseofusluckyenoughtolivethatlong,2056willbeaworldofalmostperpetualyouth,whereobesityisaremotememoryandrobotsbecomeourcompanions.
Wewillberubbingshoulderswithaliensandcolonisingouterspace.Betterstill,ourdescendantsmightatlastliveinaworldatpeacewithitself.
Thepredictionisthatwewillhavefoundasourceofinexhaustible,safe,greenenergy,andthatsciencewillhavekilledoffreligion.Iftheyarerightwewillhaveremovedtwoofthemaincausesofwar-ourdependenceonoilandreligiousprejudice.
Willwereally,astoday’sscientistsclaim,beabletoliveforeveroratleastcheattheageingprocesssothattheaveragepersonlivesto150?
Ofcourse,allthesepredictionscomewithascientifichealthwarning.HarvardprofessorStevenPinkersays:
“Thisisaninvitationtolookfoolish,aswiththepredictionsofdomedcitiesandnuclear-poweredvacuumcleanersthatweremade50yearago.”
Livinglonger
AnthonyAtala,directoroftheWakeForestInstituteinNorthCarolina,believesfailingorganswillberepairedbyinjectingcellsintothebody.Theywillnaturallygostraighttotheinjuryandhelphealit.Asystemofinjectionswithoutneedlescouldalsoslowtheageingprocessbyusingthesameprocessto“tune”cells.
BruceLahn,professorofhumangeneticsattheUniversityofChicago,anticipatestheabilitytoproduce“unlimitedsupplies”oftransplantablehumanorganswithouttheneedforhumandonors.Theseorganswouldbegrowninanimalssuchaspigs.Whenapatientneededaneworgan,suchasakidney,thesurgeonwouldcontactacommercialorganproducer,givehimthepatient’simmunologicalprofileandwouldthenbesentakidneywiththecorrecttissuetype.
Theseorganswouldbeentirelycomposedofhumancells,grownbyintroducingthemintoanimalhosts,andallowingthemtodevelopintoanorganinplaceoftheanimal’sown.ButProf.Lahnbelievesthatfarmedbrainswouldbe“offlimits”.Hesays:
“Veryfewpeoplewouldwanttohavetheirbrainsreplacedbysomeoneelse’sandweprobablydon’twanttoputahumanbraininananimalbody.”
RichardMiller,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan,thinksscientistcoulddevelop“authenticanti-ageingdrugs”byworkingouthowcellsinlargeranimalssuchaswhalesandhumanresistmanyformsofinjuries.Hesays:
“Itisnowroutine,inlaboratorymammals,toextendlifespanbyabout40%.Turningonthesameprotectivesystemsinpeopleshould,by2056,createthefirstclassof100-year-oldswhoareasvigorousandproductiveastoday’speopleintheir60s”
Aliens
ColinPillinger,professorofplanetarysciencesattheOpenUniversity,says:
IfancythatatleastwewillbeabletoshowthatlifedidstarttoevolveonMarswellasEarth.”Within50yearshehopesscientistswillprovethatalienlifecamehereinMartianmeteorites(陨石).
ChrisMcKay,aplanetaryscientistatNASA’sAmesResearchCenter.believesthatin50yearswemayfindevidenceofalienlifeintheancientpermanentfrostofMarsoronotherplaners.
Headds:
ThereisevenachancewewillfindalienlifeformshereonEarth.ItmightbeasdifferentasEnglishistoChinese.
PrincetonprofessorFreemanDysonthinksit“likely”thatlifeformouterspacewillbediscoveredbefore2056becausethetoolsforfindingit,suchasopticalandradiodetectionanddataprocessing,areimproving.
Hesays:
“Assoonasthefirstevidenceisfound,wewillknowwhattolookforandadditionaldiscoveriesarelikelytofollowquickly.Suchdiscoveriesarelikelytohaverevolutionaryconsequencesforbiology,astronomyandphilosophy.Theymayalsochangethewaywelookatourselvesandourplaceintheuniverse.”
Coloniesinspace
RichardGott,professorofastrophysicsatPrinceton,hopesmanwillsetupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,whichwouldbea“lifeinsurancepolicyagainstwhatevercatastrophes,naturalorotherwise,mightoccuronEarth.
“TherealspaceraceiswhetherwewillcoloniseoffEarthontootherworldsbeforemoneyforthespaceprogrammerunsout.”
Spinalinjuries
EllenHeber-Katz,aprofessorattheWistarInstituteinPhiladelphia,foreseescuresforinjuriescausingparalysissuchastheonethatafflictedSupermanstarChristopherReeve.
Shesays:
“Ibelievethatthedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillbeabletoprescribedrugsthatcausesevered(断裂的)spinalcordstoheal,heartstoregenerateandlostlimbstoregrow.”
“Peoplewillcometoexpectthatinjuredordiseasedorgansaremeanttoberepairedfromwithin,inmuchthesamewaythatwefixanapplianceorautomobile:
byreplacingthedamagedpartwithamanufacturer-certifiednewpart.”Shepredictsthatwithin5to10yearsfingersandtoeswillberegrownandlimbswillstarttoberegrownafewyearslater.Repairstothenervoussystemwillstartwithopticnervesand,intime,thespinalcord.”Within50yearswholebodyreplacementwillberoutine,”Prof.Heber-Katzadds.
Obesity
SydneyBrenner,seniordistinguishedfellowoftheCrick-JacobsCenterinCalifornia,wonthe2002NobelPrizeforMedicineandsaysthatifthereisaglobaldisastersomehumanswillsurvive-andevolutionwillfavoursmallpeoplewithbodieslargeenoughtosupporttherequiredamountofbrainpower.”Obesity,”hesays.”willhavebeensolved.”
Robots
RodneyBrooks,professorofroboticsatMIT,saystheproblemsofdevelopingartificialintelligenceforrobotswillbeatleastpartlyovercome.Asaresult,“thepossibilitiesforrobotsworkingwithpeoplewillopenupimmensely”
Energy
BillJoy,greentechnologyexpertinCalifornia,says:
”Themostsignificantbreakthroughwouldbetohaveaninexhaustiblesourceofsafe,greenenergythatissubstantiallycheaperthananyexistingenergysource.”
Ideally,suchasourcewouldbesafeinthatitcouldnotbemadeintoweaponsandwouldnotmakehazardousortoxicwasteorcarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegasblamedforglobalwarming.
Society
GeoffreyMiller,evolutionarypsychologistattheUniversityofNewMexico,says:
TheUSwillfollowtheUKinrealizingthatreligionisnotaprerequisite(前提)forordinaryhumandecency.
“This,sciencewillkillreligion-notbyreasonchallengingfaithbutbyofferingamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkforhumaninteraction.”
Healsopredictsthat“absurdlywasteful”displaysofwealthwillbecomeunfashionablewhiletheimportanceofclose-knitcommunitiesandfamilieswillbecomeclearer.
Thesethreechanger,hesays,willhelpmakeusall”brighter,wiser,happierandkinder”.
1.Whatisjohnlngham’sreportabout?
A)AsolutiontotheglobalenergycrisisB)Extraordinaryadvancesintechnology.
C)ThelatestdevelopmentsofmedicalscienceD)Scientists’visionoftheworldinhalfacentury
2.AccordingtoHarvardprofessorStevenPinker,predictionsaboutthefuture_____.
A)mayinvitetroubleB)maynotcometrueC)willfoolthepublicD)domoreharmthangood
3.ProfessorBruceLahnoftheUniversityofChicagopredictsthat____.
A)humanswon’thavetodonateorgansfortransplantationB)morepeoplewilldonatetheirorgansfortransplantation
C)animalorganscouldbetransplantedintohumanbodiesD)organtransplantationwon’tbeasscaryasitistoday
4.AccordingtoprofessorRichardMilleroftheUniversityofMichigan,peoplewill____.
A)lifeforaslongastheywishB)berelievedfromallsufferings
C)liveto100andmorewithvitalityD)beabletolivelongerthanwhales
5.PricetonprofessorFreemanDysonthinksthat____.
A)scientistswillfindalienlifesimilartooursB)humanswillbeabletosettleonMars
C)alienlifewilllikelybediscoveredD)lifewillstarttoevolveonMars
6.AccordingtoPrincetonprofessorRichardGott,bysettingupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,Humans_____.
A)mightsurviveallcatastrophesonearthB)mightacquireamplenaturalresources
C)WillbeabletotraveltoMarsfreelyD)Willmovetheretoliveabetterlife
7.EllenHeber-Katz,professorattheWistarInstituteinPhiladelphia,predictsthat_____.
A)humanorganscanbemanufacturedlikeappliancesB)peoplewillbeasstronganddynamicassupermen
C)humannervescanbereplacedbyopticfibersD)lostfingersandlimbswillbeabletoregrow
8.RodneyBrookssaysthatitwillbepossibleforrobotstoworkwithhumansasaresultofthedevelopmentof_____
9.ThemostsignificantbreakthroughpredictedbyBillJoywillbeaninexhaustiblegreenenergysourcethatcan’tbeusedtomake__.
10.AccordingtoGeoffreyMiller,sciencewillofferamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkinplaceof_______.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
11.A)ThemanmightbeabletoplayintheWorldCup.B)Theman’sfootballcareerseemstobeatanend.
C)Themanwasoperatedonafewweeksago.D)Themanisafanofworld-famousfootballplayers.
12.A)WorkoutaplantotightenhisbudgetB)Findouttheopeninghoursofthecafeteria.
C)Applyforaseniorpositionintherestaurant.D)Solvehisproblembydoingapart-timejob.
13.A)Afinancialburden.B)AgoodcompanionC)Arealnuisance.D)Awell-trainedpet.
14.A)Theerrorswillbecorrectedsoon.B)Thewomanwasmistakenh