高三英语名词外研社知识精讲docWord文件下载.docx
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可以指具体的人或物。
aunts;
apanda;
apartments
也可指抽象东西。
ayear;
fairytales;
adream
2.CollectiveNouns:
表示若干个个体组成的集合体
army;
audience;
crew;
family;
team;
police;
government;
public
集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看。
一般来说,视为整体时作单数看,突出它的成员时作复数看。
Hisfamily_____notlarge.(be)
Hisfamily______allmusiclovers.(be)
在一些情况下,集体名词后单复数动词都可以用,没什么差别。
Theaudiencewas(were)excitedbytheshow.
有少数集体名词通常用作单数。
Thegangisbeinghuntedbythepolice.
OurcompanyissendinghimtoworkinBerlin.
个别集体名词则多作复数看待。
Thepolicearelookingforhim.
3.MaterialNouns:
指无法分为个体的物质。
beer;
cake;
cloth;
cotton;
detergent;
fur;
ice;
paint;
paper;
soil
一般来说,物质名词是不可数的,因而没有复数形式。
但有一些特殊情况:
1)有些物质名词可用作可数名词,表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种”
Twostrongblackcoffees,please.(两份)
Threebeers,please.(三杯)
2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。
rains(雨季)sands(沙滩)
snows(积雪)waters(海域)…
4.AbstractNouns:
表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念
education;
love;
policy;
trust;
nature;
fashion;
relief;
silence;
truth,etc.
多数情况下,这种名词常用于单数形式,不加任何冠词。
He’slearningFrenchforfun.
Iwishyougoodluck.
抽象名词转化为可数名词。
Failureisthemotherofsuccess.(失败与成功在此为抽象概念)
Asateacher,sheisasuccess,butasamother,sheisafailurebecauseshedevoteslittletimetolookingafterherchild.(成功者,失败者,可数)
名词的数
不可数名词一般没有单复数之分,它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。
例如:
health,advice,glass,wood,English,America
不可数名词作主语,谓语动词须用单数形式。
可数名词有单、复数之分。
可数名词的复数形式有以下几种:
情况
加法
例词
一般情况
加-s
brothers;
schools
以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的
加-es
buses;
watches;
dishes
以辅音+y结尾的
去y加-ies
ladies;
countries
以辅音+o结尾的
多数加-es
heroes;
以f或fe结尾的词
改f/fe
halves;
leaves;
单复数相同的情况:
sheep;
deer;
means;
fish;
works;
species;
Chinese;
Japanese
以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。
yuan,jiao,fen,jin,mu
只有复数形式的情况:
trousers(裤子);
glasses(眼镜);
compasses(圆规)
thanks;
clothes;
remains;
goods;
people;
cattle
复合名词的复数形式:
1.词末+-s:
film-goers
2.主体名词变为复数形式:
lookers-on;
editors-in-chief;
sons-in-law
3.两个组成部分皆变为复数:
womendoctors;
mencooks
这种形式的第一个名词必须是man或woman,有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。
glass(玻璃)aglass(玻璃杯)
copper(铜)acopper(铜币/板)
tin(锡)atin(罐头)
paper(纸)apaper(报纸,证件,论文)
iron(铁)aniron(熨斗)
wood(木头)awood(树林)
gold(金子)agold(金牌)
youth(青春)ayouth(年轻人)
power(力量)apower(大国)
beauty(美)abeauty(美人,美的东西)
pleasure(愉快)apleasure(使人感到愉快的事)
relation(关系)arelation(亲戚)
4.数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。
two-dozeneggs两打鸡蛋aten-milewalk十英里路
two-hundredtrees两百棵树afive-yearplan.一个五年计划
名词的格
所有格的形式:
一般的名词所有格在后面加‘s,如:
Mary’sbook
以–s结尾的复数名词所有格在后面仅加‘,如:
Teachers’Day,thestudents’reading-room
以–s结尾的专有名词所有格,如:
Engels’sworks或Engels’works
‘s结尾的所有格形式多用于有生命的东西的名词。
但有时其它的名词也可以,如:
today’snewspaper,fifteenminutes’ride等与时间有关的名词。
凡不能加‘s构成所有格的名词,都可以与of构成短语,来表示所有格关系。
就是有生命的东西的名词也可如此,特别是当这个名词有较长的定语时。
如:
Doyouknowthenameofthegirlstandingatthegate?
一个名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到,往往可以省略,避免前后重复。
Thisisnotmypen,butMary’s.
有时某些‘s结尾的所有格形式可以表示地点,如某人的家或店铺、教堂等:
WecanmeetatMary’s.
Hewenttohissister’sfordinneryesterday.
Ihadthedressmadeatthetailor’satthecornerofthestreet.
LastweekwevisitedSt.Paul’s.
属格
形式
应用场合
举例
‘s属格
用在表示有生命的名词后
TomandMike’sroom(两人共有)
Tom’sandMike’srooms(两人分别所有)
用在时间名词后
threeweeks’leave,today’spaper
用在距离,长度名词后
twentymiles’journey
用在地点名词后
China’sindustry
用在天体名词后
theearth’ssurface
用在价格名词后
adollar’sworth
of属格
用在表无生命事物名词后
thedoorofourclassroom
双重
名词前有a,some,any,few,no,several
等词修饰时
afriendofmybrother’s
severalclassmatesofhis
名词所有格(ThePossessiveCaseofNouns)
1.I’lltaketheriskforfriendship’ssake.
2.Shewasatherwit’send.
3.Nowtheycouldsingattheirheart’scontent.
4.Weshouldgetthechildrenoutofharm’sway.
5.Wehadbestkeepthematarm’slength.
6.Forgoodness’sake,stoparguing.
7.Janegotthemoney’sworthoutofthecoat.
名词在句子中的作用
名词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。
名词作定语时,需注意:
anenemysoldierseveral_______________
aboystudentthree____________
amanteacherthree_____________
awomandoctorthree______________
___________(一家鞋店)
用名词作定语和用形容词作定语的比较:
hearttroubleheartywelcome
snowmountainsnowytable-cloth
raindropsrainyseason
stonehousestonyheart
rosegardenrosyface
goldringgoldensunshine/times/age/wedding
历年高考试题
1._______turngreeninspring.(NMET1986)
A.LeafB.LeafsC.LeaveD.Leaves
2.Hedroppedthe_______andbrokeit.(NMET1993)
A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee’scup
C.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup
3.Ineed_______cloth,forI’mgoingtomake_______clothes.(上海1993)
A.alotof;
manyB.much;
much
C.many;
manyD.many;
alot
4.Hegainedhis_______byprinting_______offamouswriters.(NMET1995)
A.wealth;
workB.wealths;
works
C.wealths;
workD.wealth;
works
5.Manycountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsof_______.(上海1996)
A.energyB.sourceC.powerD.material
6.You’llfindthismapofgreat_______inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.(NMET1998)
A.priceB.costC.valueD.usefulness
7.—Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?
—_______.(上海1998)
A.Palmer’sB.ThePalmers’
C.ThePalmersD.ThePalmer’s
8.Myparentsalwaysletmehavemyown_______ofliving.(上海1998)
A.wayB.methodC.mannerD.fashion
9.Thelionisconsideredthekingoftheforestasitisa(n)_______ofcourageandpower.(上海1998)
A.exampleB.signC.markD.symbol
10.Wevolunteeredtocollectmoneytohelpthe_______oftheearthquake.(上海1998)
A.victimsB.folksC.fellowsD.villagers
11.Ifyoudon’ttakeawayallyourthingsfromthedesk,therewon’tbeenough_______formystationery.(上海1998)
A.areaB.placeC.roomD.surface
12.Itiswidelyacceptedthatyoungbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto_______.(上海2000)
A.rewardsB.prizesC.awardsD.results
13.Inthebotanicgardenwecanfinda(n)_______ofplantsthatrangefromtalltreestosmallflowers.(上海2001)
A.speciesB.groupC.amountD.variety
14.—Canyoushootthatbirdatthetopofthetree?
—No,it’soutof_______.(上海2001)
A.rangeB.reachC.controlD.distance
15.ThelifeofLondonismadeupofmanydifferent_______.(上海2001)
A.elementsB.sections
C.materialD.realities
16.Forthesakeofherdaughter’shealth,shedecidedtomovetoawarm_______.(上海2002)
A.weatherB.temperature
C.seasonD.climate
17.Toregaintheir______afteranexhaustinggame,theplayerslayinthegrass.(上海2002)
A.forceB.energyC.powerD.health
18.IsawBobplaythepianoatJohn’spartyandonthat_______hewassimplybrilliant.(上海2002)
A.sceneB.circumstance
C.occasionD.situation
19.Itcan’tbea(n)_______thatfourjewelrystoreswererobbedinonenight.(上海2002)
A.coincidenceB.accident
C.incidentD.chance
20.Accordingtotherecentresearch,heavycoffeedrinkandheartattackisnotnecessarily_______andeffect.(上海2002)
A.reasonB.impactC.factD.cause
21.—I’msorryIsteppedoutsideforasmoke.Iwasverytired.
—Thereisno_______forthiswhileyouareonduty.(上海2003)
A.reasonB.excuseC.causeD.explanation
22.Themanagerhasgotagoodbusiness________sothecompanyisdoingwell.(2003北京春季)
A.ideaB.senseC.thoughtD.thinking
23.Don’tleavematchesorcigarettesonthetablewithin______oflittlechildren.(2004湖北)
A.handB.reachC.spaceD.distance
24.Theenvironmentalistsandwildgoats’_______onthevastgrasslandswasagoodindicationofthebetterenvironment.(2004上海)
A.escapeB.absenceC.attendanceD.appearance
25.Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.It’s_____walk.(2004上海春季)
A.afourhourB.afourhour’s
C.afour-hoursD.afourhours’
26.Ihavereadthematerialseveraltimesbutitdoesn’tmakeany________tome.(2004上海春季)
A.meaningB.importance
C.senseD.significance
【模拟试题】
单项选择:
1.Aftermuch_____,thestoreowneragreedtocutdownthepriceby25%.
A.argumentB.discussionC.sayingD.bargaining
2.—Doesheworkhardathislessons?
—Yes,he_____noeffort,Idaresay.
A.wastesB.sparesC.spendsD.shares
3.Itissaidthatconstantreviewsofwhatyouhavelearnedwillhelptomakeyourknowledge___.
A.deepB.interestingC.usefulD.permanent
4.—Ican’topenthetopofthisapplejuice.
—_____it.
A.MikehastodoB.DohaveMiketodo
B.MikedoeshaveD.HaveMikedo
5.Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings_____youcanfindthemagain.
A.whenB.whereC.thenD.there
6.—Whyisit_____Mr.Smithseldommentionshischildhood?
—Perhapshesufferedalotinhischildhood.
A.whichB.whatC.howD.that
7.—Ithinkwecan’trepairthedamagedcarinthesmalltown.
—Weareconsidering_____toBeijingtohaveitrepaired.
A.togoB.goingC.tohavegoneD.havinggone
8.—MightMarygowithmetothemovie,Mrs.Wilson?
—I’msorry,butIdon’twantmydaughter_____outafterdark.
A.takeB.totakeC.takingD.taken
9.Thelittleboyliftedasmuchas50kilograms._____thatIsawit,Iwouldn’thavebelievedit.
A.AndB.ButC.OrD.So
10.N