届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十七16页word版Word下载.docx

届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十七16页word版Word下载.docx

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Therisksofkeepingsuchsensitivedataprivatearehigh.Thepotentialforabuseexists;

forexample,insurancecompaniescouldtheoreticallyusegeneticdatatorefusecoverage（保险项目）,Greensays.Butthesystemsinplacetopreventmisuseappeartobeworking.OneistheGeneticInformationNondiscriminationAct,a2008lawthatprotectsconsumersfromemploymentandinsurancediscriminationrelatedtogenetics.Aslongasthat’sthecase,Greensays,thegoodofgenetictestsoutweighsthebad.

SharonZehe,alawyerforthedepartmentoflaboratorymedicineandpathologyattheMayoClinic,takesamorecautiousapproach.“Familytreeservicescanbefun,butmakesureyouareusingareputableorganizationthathasstrongprivacypoliciesinplace,”shesays.“Geneticdataisbiologicallyasimportantasafingerprint.”

32.WhoistheGoldenStateKiller?

A.RobertGreen.B.JosephJamesDeAngelo.

C.Theauthor.D.SharonZehe.

33.Whatdrivestheuserstouploadtheirgeneticdata?

A.ThePolice’sforce.B.Theirrelatives’advice.

C.Theboss’sorder.D.Theirownwillingness.

34.Whomightmisusecustomers’geneticdata?

A.Thepolice.B.GEDmatch.

C.Insurancecompanies.D.23andMe.

35.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Geneticdataisequaltoafingerprint.

B.A72-year-oldkillerwasputintoprison.

C.Murderscausesconcernforgeneticprivacy.

D.GeneticinformationissharedontheInternet.

参考范文：

32-35BDCC

[二]

Hisignorancewasasremarkableashisknowledge.Ofcontemporaryliterature,philosophyandpoliticsheappearedtoknownexttonothing.UponmyquotingThomasCarlyle,heinquiredinthenaivestwaywhohemightbeandwhathehaddone.Mysurprisereachedaclimax,however,whenIfoundincidentallythathewasignorantoftheCopernicanTheoryandofthecompositionoftheSolarsystem.

“Youappeartobeastonished,”Holmessaid,smilingatmyexpression.“NowthatIdoknowitIshalldomybesttoforgetit.Yousee,Iconsiderthataman’sbrainoriginallyislikealittleemptyattic,andyouhavetostockitwithsuchfurnitureasyouchoose:

Afooltakesinallthelumberofeverysortthathecomesacross,sothattheknowledgewhichmightbeusefultohimgetscrowdedout,oratbestjumbledupwithalotofotherthings,sothathehasdifficultyinlayinghishanduponit.Itisamistaketothinkthatthelittleroomhaselasticwallsandcandistendtoanyextent.Dependuponit,therecomesatimewhenforeveryadditionofknowledgeyouforgetsomethingthatyouknowbefore.Itisofthehighestimportance,therefore,nottohaveuselessfactselbowingouttheusefulones.”

“ButtheSolarSystem!

”Iprotested.“Whatthedeuceisittome?

”heinterruptedimpatiently.

Onemorning,Ipickedupamagazinefromthetableandattemptedtowhileawaythetimewithit,whilemycompanionmunchedsilentlyathistoast.Oneofthearticleshadapencilmarkattheheading,andInaturallybegantorunmyeyethroughit.

Itssomewhatambitioustitlewas“TheBookofLife,”anditattemptedtoshowhowmuchanobservantmanmightlearnbyanaccurateandsystematicexaminationofallthatcameinhisway.Itstruckmeasbeingaremarkablemixtureofshrewdnessandofabsurdity.Thereasoningwascloseandintense,butthedeductionappearedtometobefar-fetchedandexaggerated.Thewriterclaimedbyamomentaryexpression,atwitchofamuscleoraglanceofaneye,tofathomaman’sinmostthought.Deceit,accordingtohim,wasimpossibilityinthecaseofonetrainedtoobservationandanalysis.HisconclusionswereasinfallibleassomanypropositionsofEuclid.Sostartlingwouldhisresultsappeartotheuninitiatedthatuntiltheylearnedtheprocessesbywhichhehadarrivedatthemtheymightwellconsiderhimasanecromancer.

“Fromadropofwater,”saidthewriter,“alogiciancouldinferthepossibilityofanAtlantic.Soalllifeisagreatchain,thenatureofwhichisknownwheneverweareshownasinglelinkofit.Likeallotherarts,thescienceofDeductionandAnalysisisonewhichcanbeacquiredbylongandpatientstudy,norislifelongenoughtoallowanymortaltoattainthehighestpossibleperfectioninit.”

ThissmartlywrittenpieceoftheoryIcouldnotacceptuntilasuccessionofevidencesjustifiedit.

1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardHolmes?

[A]Praising.

Critical.

[C]Ironical.

[D]Distaste.

2.WhatwaydidtheauthortaketostickoutHolmes’uniqueness?

[A]Bydeduction.

Byexplanation.

[C]Bycontrast.

[D]Byanalysis.

3.WhatwastheHolmes’ideaaboutknowledge-learning?

[A]Learningwhateverybodylearned.

Learningwhatwasusefultoyou.

[C]Learningwhateveryoucameacross.

[D]Learningwhatwasdifferenttoyou.

4.Whatdidthearticlementionedinthepassagetalkabout?

[A]Onemaymasterthewayofreasoningthroughobservation.

Onemaybecomerathercriticalthroughobservationandanalysis.

[C]Onemaybecomerathersharpthroughobservationandanalysis.

[D]Onemaybecomepracticalthroughobservationandanalysis.

这是一篇“传记”，作者采用以反衬正的对比手法写出了福尔摩斯之惊人才华。

第一句话开明宗旨“他的无知和他的有知一样卓越惊人”，接着就是种种无知，达到突出其有知的成就。

两方面表达，一是福尔摩斯对无知的解释：

不能照单全收；

二是作者的反对见解衬托福之才华超人，能一滴水见大海。

答案详解

1.A赞扬。

作者以无知烘托人物之有知，以他本人的反对批评观点来证明人物的正确。

否定及所谓机刺旨在铺垫。

正反对比赞扬福之精明强悍，才智超人，洞察力强。

2.C作者采用对比手法。

3.B学习对你有用之物。

第二段福之表白，他把头脑比作一个小小的空屋，不能随意选择家具（知识）塞满空间，应选择“有用之才”，免得填满了废物，把有用之才挤出去。

4.C通过观察和分析人会变得很敏锐。

最后二段都是讲福所写文章的内容。

善于观察和分析的人可以一眼看透人之本质，一点水能知大西洋。

这种一叶知秋的本领是通过长期观察、分析研究而得。

也就是说，通过观察分析，人可以变得敏感聪慧，因为万物都有联系。

[三]

Thestoneage,TheIronAge.Entireepochshavebeennamedformaterials.Sowhattocallthedecadesahead?

Thechoicewillbetough.Welcometotheageofsuperstuff.Materialscience--oncetheleastsexytechnology–isburstingwithnew,practicaldiscoveriesledbysuperconductingceramicsthatmayrevolutionizeelectronics.Butsuperconductorsarejustpartofthepicture:

fromhouseandcarstocookpotsandartificialteeth,theworldwillsomedaybemadeofdifferentstuff.Exoticplastics,glassandceramicswillshapethefuturejustassurelyashavegeneticengineeringandcomputerscience.

Thekeytothenewmaterialsisresearchers’increasingabilitytomanipulatesubstancesatthemolecularlevel.Ceramics,forexample,havelongbeenlimitedbytheirbrittleness.Butbyminimizingthemicroscopicimperfectionsthatcauseit,scientistsaremakingfarstrongerceramicsthatstillretainsuchqualitiesashardnessandheatresistance.FordMotorCo.nowusesceramictoolstocutsteel.AfirmcalledKyocerahascreatedalineofceramicscissorsandknivesthatstaysharpforyearsandneverrustorcorrode.

Asimilartransformationhasovertakenplastics.High-strengthpolymersnowformbridges,ice-skatingrinksandhelicopterrotors.Andonenewplasticthatgenerateselectricitywhenvibratedorpushedisusedinelectricguitars,touchsensorsforrobothandsandkaratejacketsthatautomaticallyrecordeachpunchandchop.Evenplasticlitter,whichoncethreatenedtopermanentlyblotthelandscape,hasprovedamenabletomoleculartinkering.Severalmanufacturersnowmakebiodegradableforms;

someplasticsix-packringsforexample,graduallydecomposewhenexposedtosunlight.Researchersaredevelopingwaystomakeplasticsasrecyclableasmetalorglass.Besides,composites–plasticreinforcedwithfibersofgraphiteorothercompounds–madetheround-the-worldflightofthevoyagerpossibleandhaveevenbeenprovedincombat:

ahelmetsavedaninfantryman’slifebydeflectingtwobulletsintheGrenadainvasion.

Someadvancedmaterialsareoldstandardwithanewtwist.Thenewestfiberopticcablethatcarrytelephonecallscross-countryaremadeofglasssotransparentthatapieceof100milesthickisclearerthanastandardwindowpane.

Butnewmaterialshavenoimpactuntiltheyaremadeintoproducts.Andthattransitioncouldprovedifficult,forswitchingrequireslengthyresearchandinvestment.Itcanbesaidafirmerhandleonhowtomovetocommercializationwilldeterminethesuccessorfailureofacountryinthenearfuture.

1.Howmanynewmaterialsarementionedinthispassage?

[A]Two[B]Three[C]Four[D]Five

2.Whydoestheauthormentiongeneticengineeringandcomputerscience?

[A]Tocomparethemwiththenewmaterials.

[B]Toshowthesig