句法知识之简单句并列句和复合句文档格式.docx
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16)Sheisveryfriendly.
17)Icanswim.
18)Ihavehadagoodtime.
19)Ifoundhimtalking.
20)ThisEnglishbookisveryinteresting.
3.更正下列句子的错误
1)Hecametheroom.
2)Themusicsounds.
3)Ihaveseen.
4)Hegaveapenme.
5)Thebossmadetheboytoworkhard.
6)Myfatherboughtabooktome.
Keys:
1)Hecameintotheroom
2)Themusicsoundswonderful
3)Ihaveseenthefilm.
4)Hegaveapentome.
5)Thebossmadetheboyworkhard.
6)Myfatherboughtabookforme.
4.五种基本句型的推导:
1)英语句子必须有谓语动词。
他像他爸爸。
Heislikehisfather.这本书值得一读。
Thebookisworthreading.
我反对你的意见。
I’magainstyou.
2)一个句子内有且只有一个动词充当谓语(并列谓语除外),其余动词应为非谓语或从句的谓语。
他给我一些水喝。
Hegavemesomewatertodrink.
5.翻译下列句子并分析句子结构:
1)我经常在早晨读英语。
2)玛丽是个聪明的学生。
3)我的老师交给我一封信4)我母亲经常叫我努力学习。
5)我们叫我们的老师王先生6)他正在房里做家庭作业
Keys:
1)IoftenreadEnglishinthemorning.2)Maryisacleverstudent.
3)Myteachergavemealetter.4)Mymotheroftenasksmetostudyhard.
5)WecallourteacherMr.Wang.6)Heisdoinghishomeworkintheroom.
并列句复合句
1.把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来的句子就叫并列句。
2.四种类型
1)由and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then…连接,表同等概念。
Hecannotonlyrepairradiosbutalsofixthem
Notonlydothenurseswantapayincreased,butalsotheywantreducedhours.
2)由either…or…,or,otherwise等连接,表选择
EithersheleavesorIwill.
3)由but,still,yet,however,while,when,whereas,nevertheless等连接,表转折。
Mymotherlikescoffeewhilemyfatherlikestea.
4)由so,for,therefore等连接,表因果。
Hefounditdifficulttoread,forhiseyeswerefailing.
3.Exercises:
注意逻辑关系
1)Givehimaninchhe’lltakeanell.
A.butB.andC.forD.so
2)didthestudentsdance,theirteachersang.
A.Neither…or…B.Either…or…
C.Both…and…D.Notonly…butalso…
3)Feathersfalltothegroundslowlystonesfallmuchfaster.
A.andB.whileC.butD.yet
4)Wemustgetupearlytomorrow,we’llmissthefirstbustotheGreatWall.
A.howeverB.butC.orD.so
5)Heworkedhard,hefailed.
A.whileB.andC.soD.yet
6)Ithoughtwe’dbelatefortheconcert,______weendedupgettingthereaheadoftime.
7)SearchthewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity,_____youwilllearnalotaboutfirefighting.
8)Theyweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblem__theythemselvescouldn’t.
9)Iwasjustabouttoliedowntorest_______Isawasnakeinthegrass.
BDBCD,but,and,while,when
4.句子的连接和标点符号
1)句号连接两个并列句子,第二个句子的首字母大写。
MynameisTom.Iamfive.
2)分号连接两个并列分句,第二个句子的首字母不大写。
Tomisfive;
hestudiesinaprimaryschool.
3)引号前用逗号而不用冒号,英语中没有书名号。
Tomsaid,“ThemovieTitaniciswonderful!
”
4)重点:
逗号的运用。
A.逗号连接内部结构,即句子的状语(从句),定语(从句),同位语(从句)插入语等。
请为下列句子加上逗号。
1)Sinceheisillheisabsent.
2)Tosaveclasstimeourteacherhasusstudentsdohalfoftheexercisesinclass.
3)Polarbearslivemostlyonseaicewhichtheyuseasaplatformforhuntingseals.
1)Sinceheisill,heisabsent.
2)Tosaveclasstime,ourteacherhasusstudentsdohalfoftheexercisesinclass.
3)Polarbearslivemostlyonseaice,whichtheyuseasaplatformforhuntingseals.
B.逗号加连词相当于句号,连接两个并列句子。
Iamfive,andIstudyinaprimaryschool.
5.Translatethesentence.(注意标点)
我走进教室,看见他正在读书,我没有打扰他,拿了书就出了教室。
WhenIcameintotheclassroom,Isawhimreading.Itookmybookandwentout,withoutinterruptinghim.
主从复合句
包括名词性从句(主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句),定语从句,状语从句
主语从句
Whenweshallmeetagainhasn’tbeendecidedyet.
Whathedidwasallforhiscountry.
Thatsheisgoodatmusicisknowntoall.
宾语从句
TheytoldmethathecouldspeakGerman.
Iknowwhatyoureallymean.
IhaveforgottenwhereIleftthekey.
表语从句
Theproblemiswhetheryoucandoityourselves.
Thatiswhywearegoingtohelpthem.
Thatwashowshewonthefirstprize.
同位从句
Thenewsthattheyhadsucceededencouragedus.
Thequestionwhomweshouldservemustbediscussed.
Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
定语从句
TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.
Thisisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenImetthatgreatwriterinJapan
状语从句
Helikeddrawingwhenhewasasmallchild.
Ididn’tgowithhimbecauseIwasbusy.
You’llsucceedifyoustudyharder.
练习:
Analyzethesentences.
1).Whatmakesastudyscientificisnot,ofcourse,thenatureofthethingswithwhichitisconcernedbutthemethodbywhichitdealswiththesethings.
2).WhenMr.Jonesgotback,heimmediatelywenttosleeponthelivingroomsofawith“EnglishSalon”overhisface.
补充的详细内容:
1.动词的分类
类别
特点
例句
行为
动词
及物动词
接宾语
HevisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.
不及物动词
不接宾语
WeliveinHuizhou.Heislyingonthegrass.
连系动词be,turnkeep
接表语
Youareastudent.I’mateacher.She’sanurse.
助动词be,have,has,had,do,does,did,情动
协助构成时态或语态
Ihaveknowntheplaceformanyyears.
Thegoodsaresoldout.Didyougothere?
情态动词canmaymustwill/wouldshall/shouldneeddarehave/oughtto
协助后面的动词原形表情态或语气
Ican’tdecidewhichfilmtosee.
Yououghttogotothetoiletbeforethefilmbegins.
2.连系动词的分类变化类:
become,grow,get,turn,come,go,fall
感官类:
smell,taste,sound,look,feel
显得类:
seem,appear,look
状态类:
be,keep,stay,remain,lie,stand,(prove,turnout,continue)
3.常见的双及物动词有:
throw扔,give给,show给......看,leave留给,write给......写信,return把......还给,bring带来,read读,tell告诉,hand交给,pass递给,promise答应,lend借给,send寄,refuse拒绝(间接宾语前加to);
play演奏,get得到,sing唱歌,do做,order命令,make生产/制造,pay为......交钱,buy买(间接宾语前加for)
4.能带宾补的动词:
A.感官动词:
see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,hear,listento,feel
B.使役动词:
have,make,let
C.其它:
get,force,want,wish,expect,allow,permit,forbid,ask,order,advise,tell,findetc.
5.Therebe是一种“存在”句,表示“某处或某时存在有某人(物)”。
这种句子里there是一个引导词,引出主语(某人或某物),用介词短语表示处所或时间,在句中作状语。
be有数和时态的变化。
be的数要和它后面的主语按就近原则保持一致,即当主语有多个时,be的数与离它最近的那个主语的数一致。
Be还可能是exist,stand,come,lie等不及物动词。
英语句子的类别
1、按使用目的,句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
见下表
例句
陈述句
肯定句
Ihaveawatch./Theylikeskating./Marycanswim./Thereisadeskintheroom.
否定句
Ihavenowatch./Theydon’tlikeskating./Marycan’tswim./Thereisn'
tadeskintheroom.
疑
问
句
一般疑问句
Haveyouawatch?
/Dotheylikeskating?
/CanMaryswim?
/Isthereadeskintheroom?
特殊疑问句
Howoldishe?
/Whatwillyoudo?
/Whichdoyoulikebest?
/Whocanswim?
Wheredoeshelive?
/Whendidsheleave?
选择疑问句
Haveyouawatchoraclock?
/Dotheylikeskatingorskiing?
/Whocanswim,MaryorJane?
Isthereadeskoratableintheroom?
反意疑问句
Youhaven’tawatch,haveyou?
/Theylikeskating,don’tthey?
/Marycanswim,can’tshe?
Thereisadeskintheroom,isn’tthere?
祈使句
Becareful,boys./Gobacktoyourseat,please./Don’ttalkinclass.
感叹句
Whatacleverboyheis!
/Howclevertheboyis!
/Soyouhereatlast!
/Whatasize!
/Wonderful!
2、按结构分类,句子可分为简单句和复合句。
见下表:
简单句
1)主语+不及物动词:
Abirdcanfly./IliveinXiamen.
2)主语+连系动词+表语:
Thesentenceissimple./Sheseemsallright.
3)主语+及物动词+宾语:
WelikeEnglish./IcanspeakJapanese.
4)主语+及物动词+双宾语(直宾和间宾)
Heboughtmeacupoftea./Heshowedheraphoto.
5)主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语和宾补)
Thesunkeepsuswarm./Iwishyousuccess./wetreatthegirloursister.
复
合
并列复合句
HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo./SheisanAmerican,butshestudiesinEngland./Somepeoplelovehim,whileothershatehim.
主
从
Whenweshallmeetagainhasn’tbeendecidedyet./Whathedidwasallforhiscountry./Thatsheisgoodatmusicisknowntoall.
宾语从句
TheytoldmethathecouldspeakGerman./Iknowwhatyoureallymean./IhaveforgottenwhereIleftthekey.
Theproblemiswhetheryoucandoityourselves./Thatiswhywearegoingtohelpthem./Thatwashowshewonthefirstprize.
同位从句
Thenewsthattheyhadsucceededencouragedus./Thequestionwhomweshouldservemustbediscusssed./Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom./Thisisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago./I’llneverforgetthedaywhenImetthatgreatwriterinJapan
状语从句
Helikeddrawingwhenhewasasmallchild./Ididn’tgowithhimbecauseIwasbusy./You’llsucceedifyoustudyharder.
英语句子成分结构详解
一、句子成分的定义:
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分有主语和谓语;
次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
1.主语:
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词主格、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)
WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
2.谓语:
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:
Wecome.谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:
由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:
Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语:
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动