句法知识之简单句并列句和复合句文档格式.docx

1、16）She is very friendly.17）I can swim. 18）I have had a good time. 19）I found him talking. 20）This English book is very interesting.3. 更正下列句子的错误1）He came the room. 2）The music sounds. 3）I have seen. 4）He gave a pen me. 5）The boss made the boy to work hard. 6）My father bought a book to me.Keys：1）He ca

2、me into the room 2）The music sounds wonderful 3）I have seen the film.4）He gave a pen to me. 5）The boss made the boy work hard. 6）My father bought a book for me. 4. 五种基本句型的推导：1） 英语句子必须有谓语动词。他像他爸爸。He is like his father. 这本书值得一读。The book is worth reading.我反对你的意见。Im against you.2）一个句子内有且只有一个动词充当谓语（并列谓语除

3、外），其余动词应为非谓语或从句的谓语。 他给我一些水喝。He gave me some water to drink.5. 翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：1）我经常在早晨读英语。 2）玛丽是个聪明的学生。3）我的老师交给我一封信 4）我母亲经常叫我努力学习。5）我们叫我们的老师王先生 6）他正在房里做家庭作业Keys:1）I often read English in the morning. 2）Mary is a clever student. 3）My teacher gave me a letter. 4）My mother often asks me to study hard. 5）

4、We call our teacher Mr. Wang. 6）He is doing his homework in the room.并列句复合句1. 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来的句子就叫并列句。2. 四种类型1）由and, not only but also, neithernor, then连接，表同等概念。He can not only repair radios but also fix them Not only do the nurses want a pay increased, but also they want reduced hours. 2）由either

5、or, or, otherwise等连接，表选择Either she leaves or I will. 3）由but, still, yet, however, while, when, whereas, nevertheless 等连接，表转折。My mother likes coffee while my father likes tea. 4）由so, for, therefore 等连接，表因果。He found it difficult to read, for his eyes were failing. . Exercises ：注意逻辑关系1）Give him an inch

6、 hell take an ell. A. but B. and C. for D. so 2） did the students dance, their teacher sang. A. Neither or B. Either or C. Bothand D. Not onlybut also3）Feathers fall to the ground slowly stones fall much faster. A. and B. while C. but D. yet 4）We must get up early tomorrow, well miss the first bus t

7、o the Great Wall. A. however B. but C. or D. so 5）He worked hard, he failed. A. while B. and C. so D. yet6）I thought wed be late for the concert, _ we ended up getting there ahead of time.7）Search the website of the Fire Department in your city, _you will learn a lot about firefighting.8）They were s

8、urprised that a child should work out the problem _ they themselves couldnt.9）I was just about to lie down to rest _I saw a snake in the grass. BDBCD, but, and, while, when句子的连接和标点符号1）句号连接两个并列句子，第二个句子的首字母大写。 My name is Tom. I am five.2）分号连接两个并列分句，第二个句子的首字母不大写。 Tom is five; he studies in a primary sc

9、hool.3）引号前用逗号而不用冒号，英语中没有书名号。 Tom said, “The movie Titanic is wonderful!”）重点：逗号的运用。逗号连接内部结构，即句子的状语（从句），定语（从句），同位语（从句）插入语等。请为下列句子加上逗号。1） Since he is ill he is absent.2） To save class time our teacher has us students do half of the exercises in class.3） Polar bears live mostly on sea ice which they use

10、 as a platform for hunting seals. 1） Since he is ill，he is absent.2） To save class time，our teacher has us students do half of the exercises in class.3） Polar bears live mostly on sea ice，which they use as a platform for hunting seals. 逗号加连词相当于句号，连接两个并列句子。I am five, and I study in a primary school.5

11、. Translate the sentence. （注意标点）我走进教室，看见他正在读书，我没有打扰他，拿了书就出了教室。When I came into the classroom, I saw him reading. I took my book and went out, without interrupting him.主从复合句包括名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句），定语从句，状语从句主语从句 When we shall meet again hasnt been decided yet.What he did was all for his country.That s

12、he is good at music is known to all.宾语从句 They told me that he could speak German.I know what you really mean.I have forgotten where I left the key.表语从句The problem is whether you can do it yourselves.That is why we are going to help them.That was how she won the first prize.同位从句 The news that they ha

13、d succeeded encouraged us. The question whom we should serve must be discussed. I have no idea when he will be back.定语从句The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.This is the house where he lived ten years ago. Ill never forget the day when I met that great writer in Japan状语从句 He liked drawing wh

14、en he was a small child.I didnt go with him because I was busy.Youll succeed if you study harder.练习：Analyze the sentences.1）. What makes a study scientific is not, of course, the nature of the things with which it is concerned but the method by which it deals with these things.2）. When Mr. Jones got

15、 back, he immediately went to sleep on the living room sofa with “English Salon” over his face.补充的详细内容：1. 动词的分类类 别特 点例 句行 为动 词及物动词接宾语He visited the Great Wall last year.不及物动词不接宾语We live in Huizhou. He is lying on the grass.连系动词be, turn keep接表语You are a student. Im a teacher. Shes a nurse.助动词be, have

16、, has, had, do, does, did, 情动协助构成时态或语态I have known the place for many years.The goods are sold out. Did you go there?情态动词can may must will/would shall/should need dare have / ought to协助后面的动词原形表情态或语气I cant decide which film to see.You ought to go to the toilet before the film begins.2. 连系动词的分类 变化类：be

17、come, grow, get, turn, come, go, fall 感官类：smell, taste, sound, look, feel显得类：seem, appear, look状态类：be, keep, stay, remain, lie, stand, （prove, turn out, continue）3. 常见的双及物动词有：throw扔, give给, show给.看, leave留给, write给.写信, return把.还给, bring带来, read读，tell告诉, hand交给, pass递给, promise答应, lend借给, send寄, refu

18、se拒绝（间接宾语前加to）；play演奏，get得到，sing唱歌，do做，order命令，make生产/制造, pay为.交钱，buy买（间接宾语前加for）4. 能带宾补的动词：A.感官动词：see, watch, look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to, feelB.使役动词：have, make, letC.其它：get, force, want, wish ,expect, allow, permit, forbid, ask, order, advise，tell, find etc.5. There be是一种“存在”句，表示“某处或

19、某时存在有某人（物）”。这种句子里there是一个引导词，引出主语（某人或某物），用介词短语表示处所或时间，在句中作状语。be有数和时态的变化。be的数要和它后面的主语按就近原则保持一致，即当主语有多个时，be的数与离它最近的那个主语的数一致。Be还可能是exist, stand, come，lie 等不及物动词。英语句子的类别1、按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。见下表例 句陈述句肯定句I have a watch./ They like skating./ Mary can swim./ There is a desk in the room.否定句I have no

20、watch./ They dont like skating./ Mary cant swim./ There isnt a desk in the room.疑问句一般疑问句Have you a watch?/Do they like skating?/Can Mary swim?/Is there a desk in the room?特殊疑问句How old is he ?/What will you do?/Which do you like best?/Who can swim?Where does he live?/When did she leave?选择疑问句Have you

21、a watch or a clock?/Do they like skating or skiing?/Who can swim, Mary or Jane?Is there a desk or a table in the room ?反意疑问句You havent a watch, have you?/They like skating, dont they?/Mary can swim, cant she?There is a desk in the room, isnt there?祈 使 句Be careful, boys./Go back to your seat, please.

22、/Dont talk in class.感 叹 句What a clever boy he is!/How clever the boy is!/So you here at last!/What a size!/Wonderful!2、按结构分类，句子可分为简单句和复合句。见下表：简 单 句1）主语+不及物动词:A bird can fly./ I live in Xiamen.2） 主语+连系动词+表语:The sentence is simple./ She seems all right.3） 主语+及物动词+宾语:We like English./ I can speak Japan

23、ese.4） 主语+及物动词+双宾语（直宾和间宾）He bought me a cup of tea./ He showed her a photo.5） 主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语和宾补）The sun keeps us warm./ I wish you success./ we treat the girl our sister.复合并列复合句He is in Class One and I am in Class Two./She is an American, but she studies in England./ Some people love him, while oth

24、ers hate him.主从When we shall meet again hasnt been decided yet./What he did was all for his country./That she is good at music is known to all.宾语从句They told me that he could speak German./I know what you really mean./I have forgotten where I left the key.The problem is whether you can do it yourselv

25、es./That is why we are going to help them./That was how she won the first prize.同位从句The news that they had succeeded encouraged us./ The question whom we should serve must be discusssed./ I have no idea when he will be back.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom./This is the house where he li

26、ved ten years ago./ Ill never forget the day when I met that great writer in Japan状语从句He liked drawing when he was a small child./ I didnt go with him because I was busy./Youll succeed if you study harder.英语句子成分结构详解一、句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。1. 主语：主语

27、是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词主格、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river

28、is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2. 谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动