非谓语动词及从句Word文档下载推荐.docx

非谓语动词及从句Word文档下载推荐.docx

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1.分词短语从本质上而言：

是由动词派生而来的形容词。

如，asleepingbaby,ausedcar,afrighteningexperience,afrightenedchild,etc.

Ababywhoissleeping.

Acarwhichisused

2.ving形式由动词的主动形式派生而来；

表示主动的动作或正在进行的动作

Ved形式由动词的被动形式派生而来：

表示被动的动作或已完成的动作

Thefallenleaves

Thefallingleaves

Thecustomfascinatesme.

Thefascinatingcustomhasbeenthesubjectofmanybooks.

Thebabywillsleepuntileight.

Trynottowakeasleepingbaby.

SomemoviesareratedX.

Childrenshouldn’tseeX-ratedmovies.

Mylegwasbrokeninthreeplaces.

Mybrokenlegishealingslowly.

Thesinkingship=theshipthatwassinking

Thesunkenship=theshipthathassunken.

Fallingleaves=

Fallenleaves=

3.现在分词的完成时态：

表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前。

Havingdone

Thestudentshadsolvedmostoftheproblemswithoutanyhelp.

Havingsolvedmostoftheproblemswithoutanyhelp,thestudentswereexhilarated.

Aftertheyhavesolvedmostoftheproblemswithout…………………………..

4.动名词Ving；

既有动词的特征，可以带宾语，也有名词的特征可以充当句子的主语，宾语，定语，补语。

Theyareconsideringbuyingthehousebeforethepricesgoup.

Gettingmadatothersmeansotherpeoplearegettingcontrolofyouremotions.

Asleepingcar;

aswimmingpool;

areadingroom.

Asleepingboy;

aswimmingwoman;

areadingstudent

5.动名词的复合结构：

这种结构常在句中作主语或宾语。

Tom’singhomeatlastwasagreatconsolation.

Doyoumindmymakingasuggestion?

Maryinsistedonmyreadingtheletter.

6.动名词的被动式和完成式

Istillrememberbeingtakentothezooforthefirsttime.

Iremembermyparent’stakingmetothezooforthefirsttime.

Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.

7.todo不定式

Toerrishuman;

toforgive,divine.

Ihopetoseeyouagain.

Ithinkithardtoanswerthequestioninaword.

Ihavealettertowrite.

二、非谓语动词与各分句

1.动名词、不定式与名词从句：

由述句变来的，即由that引导的名词性从句一般转化成动名词来表达，通常采用动名词复合结构的形式。

由疑问句变来的，即由whether或what等引导的名词从句一般简化为不定式。

主语从句

ThatJohnwonthemarathonsurprisedus.

John’swinningthemarathonsurprisedus.

Thathelostthegamecameasasurprisetoeverybody.

Hislosingthegamecameasssurprisetoeverybody.

同位语从句

TherewasnochancethatDavywouldefromthebattlealive.

TherewasnochanceofDavyingfromthebattlealive.

WeweregreatlyencouragedbythenewsthatChinahadlaunchedanotherman-madesatellite.

WeweregreatlyencouragedbyChina’slaunchinganotherman-madesatellite.

宾语从句（看从句的动词）

IconsiderthatIwillemigratetoAmericainthefuture.

IconsideremigratingtoAmericainthefuture.

Jane’smotherinsistedthatsheshouldgoswimmingwithherbrother.

Jane’smotherinsistedonhergoingswimmingwithherbrother.

IhopethatIcandrivetoworkinmyowncar.

Ihopetodrivetoworkinmyowncar.

Shecan’tdecidewhethersheshouldgowithhimorstayhome.

Shecan’tdecidewhethertogowithhimorstayhome.

Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.

Idon’tknowwhattodo.

PleasetellmehowIcangettothebusstation.

2、与定语从句（只有当关系词在定语从句中作主语时，才能把定语从句简化为短语）

Thepeoplewhowereresponsiblefortheincidentwereallpunished.

Thegirlwhowasstandinginthecorner

Thegirlwhoisstandinginthecorner

Thegirlwhostoodinthecorner

Thegirlwhostandsinthecorner

都可简化为：

thegirlstandinginthecorner.所以简化后的表达不准确。

一般说来，被theonly,thelast,thenext序数词和最高级形容词修饰的名词，其后所接的定语从句往往用不定式来替换。

Youaretheonlyonethatcanunderstandme.

Youaretheonlyonetounderstandme.

ThenexttrainthatarrivesisfromNewYork.

ThenexttraintoarriveisfromNY.

Clintwasthesecondpersonthatfellintothistrap.

3、与状语从句

1.状语从句与分词：

特点主句与从句主语必须一致才可以简化。

如果不一致可以用独立主格结构来简化。

Atightercan’tbetamedunlessitiscaughtveryyoung.

Atightercan’tbetamedunlesscaught.

AfterIfinishedmyhomework,Ifedthedog.

Havingfinishedmyhomework,….

Afterfinishmyhomework,…..

Whiletheteacherwaslecturingtotheclass,Ifellasleep.（用独立主格简化）

Whiletheteacherbeinglecturingtotheclass,Ifellasleep.

2.状语从句与不定式：

能够简化为不定式的状语从句一般只有目的状语从句。

在英语中作目的状语几乎成了不定式的专属功能。

IturnedofftheTVinorderthatmyroommatecouldstudyinpeaceandquite.

IturnedofftheTVinorderformyroommatetostudyinpeaceandquite.

Theteacherraisedhisvoiceinorderthatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.