非谓语动词和从句的转换.docx

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非谓语动词和从句的转换.docx

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非谓语动词和从句的转换.docx

非谓语动词和从句的转换----

一.不定式(短语)与从句的关系

1.不定式(短语)在句中作主语,其功能相当于一个主语从句,因此二者之间可以转换。

(1).Tobeabletohelpyouisreallyanhonor.(=ThatI’mabletohelpyou)

(2).Heseemedtoknowtheway.(=Itseemedthatheknewtheway.)

(3).BushissaidtohavedecidedtoattackNorthKorea.

(=ItissaidthatBushhasdecidedtoattackNorthKorea.)

2.不定式(短语)在句中作宾语或宾补,相当于一个宾语从句

(1).Westilldon’tknowwhenandwheretobuildaschool.(宾语)

(=whenandwhereweshouldbuildaschool)

(2).Iadvisedhimtogoandseethedoctor.(宾补)(=thatheshouldgoandsee)

(3).Hethoughtitagreatpitynottohaveinvitedher..(宾语)(=Thathehadn’tinvitedher.)

3不定式(短语)在句中作表语.,相当于一个表语从句

(1).Mysuggestionisforthemtoleaveassoonaspossible.(=thattheyshouldleave)

(2).Mychiefpurposehasbeenforthemtogetagoodunderstanding.

(=thattheycangetagoodunderstanding)

4.不定式(短语)在句中作定语.,相当于一个定语从句

(1).ThequestionwillbediscussedattheconferenceshortlytoopeninBeijing.

(=thatisshortlytoopeninBeijing)

(2).Alldead,Iwastheonlyonetogrowup.(=thatgrewup)?

5.不定式(短语)在句中作目的.结果状语.,相当于一个目的.结果状语从句

(1).Hecametotheareainorder/soastostudythefolkmusicthere.(=inorder/sothat)

(2).Theladywassoexcitedasnottosayaword.(=soexcitedthatshecouldn’t…)

7.不定式(短语)在句中作原因状语.,相当于一个原因状语从句

(1)Itrembledtothinkofbeingpunishedbytheboss.(=becauseIthoughofbeingpunishedbytheboss)

(2).Weweredisappointedtohavelostthegame.(=thatwehavelostthegame)

二.动名词(短语)与从句的关系

1.动名词(短语)在句中作主语,相当于一个主语从句

(1).Yourgoingaway(=Thatyouwentaway)madetheprofessorangry.

(2).Mary’snotbeingmademonitor(=ThatMarywasnotmademonitor)madeussad.

被动的动名词在句中作主语时一般不能省

(3).Beingcalledafool(=Thathewascalledafool)hurtBobbadly.

2.动名词(短语)在句中作宾语或宾补语,相当于一个宾语从句

(1).IrememberbeingtakentoBeijing(=thatIwastakentoBeijing)whenIwasfive.

(2).HeadmittedhavingmarriedMarytoasoldier(=thathehadmarriedMarytoasoldier).

3.动名词(短语)在句中作表语.,相当于一个表语从句

(1).Mydutyisservingthepeopleheartandsoul(thatI’llservethepeopleheartandsoul).

(2).Theproblemishisnothavingpreparedhislessonsfortheexam(=thathehasn’tpreparedhislessonsfortheexam)

(3).ThedifficultyisMary’sbeingcaughtbetweenthetwotrees(=thatMaryiscaughtbetweenthetwotrees).

4.介词+动名词(短语),相当于一个从句(宾语从句或同位语从句...0

(1)Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbyhismistake.(=thathewas…)

(2).Hewasastonishedatherknowingyou.(=thatsheknewyou)

(3).Weheardthenewsofourteamhavingwon.(=thatourteamhadwon)

三.分词(短语)与从句的关系

1.分词(短语)作定语,相当于一个定语从句

(1)Thehospitalwasanoldbuildingbuiltin1931(=thatwasbuiltin1931).

(2).Doyouknowthegirlstandingoverthere(=whoisstandingoverthere)?

(3).Themanspeakingtoustheotherday(=whospoketoustheotherday)hasgonetoJapan.

本节值得注意的问题:

现在分词短语作定语时,所表示的动作不能先于谓语所表示的动作,也不可以表示将来。

另外,一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语,所以,下列句子都是错的:

HereisMr.LicomingfromBeijing.(应改为whohascomefromBeijing)

Thosehavingfinishedtheirworkcangohomenow.(应改为whohavefinished)

ThemangivingusalecturelastweekleftforShenzhenthismorning.(应改为whogaveus)

2.分词独立结构,相当于一个状语从句,其中伴随状语多与并列句转换

(1)Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),we’llhavethematchtomorrow.

(2).Thedarkcloudshavingdisappeared(=Whenthedarkcloudshaddisappeared),thesunshoneagain.

(3).Themonitorbeingill(=Asthemonitorwasill)we’dbetterputthemetingoff.

(4).Otherthingsbeingequal(=Ifotherthingsareequal),I’dbuytheblackdress.

(5).Givenmoretime(=Ifweweregivenmoretime),wecouldhavedoneitbetter.

(6).Hecameback,hishandstiedtohisback(=andhishandsweretiedtohisback).

3.分词短语,相当于一个状语从句

(1)Onarriving(=AssoonasIarrive)there,I’lltelephoneyou.(时间)

(2).(While)waiting(=WhileIwaswaiting)forthebus,Icaughtsightofher.

(时间)

(3).Educated(=Ashewaseducated)bytheparty,hebecameagreatfighter.

(原因)

(4).Nothavingreceived(=BecauseIhadn’treceivedananswer,Iwrotetohimagain.(原因)

(5).(If)given(=Ifwehadbeengiven)enoughtime,ecouldhavedoneitbetter.(条件)

(6).(Though)havingmade(=Thoughhehadmade)greatachievements,hedidn’tpride.(让步)

4.分词短语作状语,可表伴随,结果,相当于and的并列句,也可和with转换

(1)Hedied,leavinghisdaughtermuchmoney.()(=with),(=andleft)

(2).Theteacherenteredthelab,followedbyourstudents.

(=andhewasfollowedbyourstudents=withusfollowinghim=andwefollowedhim)

5.分词短语在句中作宾语或宾语补足语,相当于一个宾语从句

(1)Hefoundthewindowsbroken.(=Hefoundthatthewindowswerebroken.)

(2).Ifeltmyheartbeatingfastatthenewsofbombexplosion.(=Ifeltthatmyheartwasbestingfastatthenewsofbombexplosion)

四.特殊转换

1.动名词复合结构相当于从句

(1)Sophia’shavingseenthem(=ThatSophiahadseenthem)didn’tsurprisedus.

(2).Ican’tbearhis(him)stayingupsolate(=thathestaysupsolate).

(3).Weencouragestudents’livinginthe

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