非谓语动词和从句的转换.docx
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非谓语动词和从句的转换----
一.不定式(短语)与从句的关系
1.不定式(短语)在句中作主语,其功能相当于一个主语从句,因此二者之间可以转换。
(1).Tobeabletohelpyouisreallyanhonor.(=ThatI’mabletohelpyou)
(2).Heseemedtoknowtheway.(=Itseemedthatheknewtheway.)
(3).BushissaidtohavedecidedtoattackNorthKorea.
(=ItissaidthatBushhasdecidedtoattackNorthKorea.)
2.不定式(短语)在句中作宾语或宾补,相当于一个宾语从句
(1).Westilldon’tknowwhenandwheretobuildaschool.(宾语)
(=whenandwhereweshouldbuildaschool)
(2).Iadvisedhimtogoandseethedoctor.(宾补)(=thatheshouldgoandsee)
(3).Hethoughtitagreatpitynottohaveinvitedher..(宾语)(=Thathehadn’tinvitedher.)
3不定式(短语)在句中作表语.,相当于一个表语从句
(1).Mysuggestionisforthemtoleaveassoonaspossible.(=thattheyshouldleave)
(2).Mychiefpurposehasbeenforthemtogetagoodunderstanding.
(=thattheycangetagoodunderstanding)
4.不定式(短语)在句中作定语.,相当于一个定语从句
(1).ThequestionwillbediscussedattheconferenceshortlytoopeninBeijing.
(=thatisshortlytoopeninBeijing)
(2).Alldead,Iwastheonlyonetogrowup.(=thatgrewup)?
5.不定式(短语)在句中作目的.结果状语.,相当于一个目的.结果状语从句
(1).Hecametotheareainorder/soastostudythefolkmusicthere.(=inorder/sothat)
(2).Theladywassoexcitedasnottosayaword.(=soexcitedthatshecouldn’t…)
7.不定式(短语)在句中作原因状语.,相当于一个原因状语从句
(1)Itrembledtothinkofbeingpunishedbytheboss.(=becauseIthoughofbeingpunishedbytheboss)
(2).Weweredisappointedtohavelostthegame.(=thatwehavelostthegame)
二.动名词(短语)与从句的关系
1.动名词(短语)在句中作主语,相当于一个主语从句
(1).Yourgoingaway(=Thatyouwentaway)madetheprofessorangry.
(2).Mary’snotbeingmademonitor(=ThatMarywasnotmademonitor)madeussad.
被动的动名词在句中作主语时一般不能省
(3).Beingcalledafool(=Thathewascalledafool)hurtBobbadly.
2.动名词(短语)在句中作宾语或宾补语,相当于一个宾语从句
(1).IrememberbeingtakentoBeijing(=thatIwastakentoBeijing)whenIwasfive.
(2).HeadmittedhavingmarriedMarytoasoldier(=thathehadmarriedMarytoasoldier).
3.动名词(短语)在句中作表语.,相当于一个表语从句
(1).Mydutyisservingthepeopleheartandsoul(thatI’llservethepeopleheartandsoul).
(2).Theproblemishisnothavingpreparedhislessonsfortheexam(=thathehasn’tpreparedhislessonsfortheexam)
(3).ThedifficultyisMary’sbeingcaughtbetweenthetwotrees(=thatMaryiscaughtbetweenthetwotrees).
4.介词+动名词(短语),相当于一个从句(宾语从句或同位语从句...0
(1)Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbyhismistake.(=thathewas…)
(2).Hewasastonishedatherknowingyou.(=thatsheknewyou)
(3).Weheardthenewsofourteamhavingwon.(=thatourteamhadwon)
三.分词(短语)与从句的关系
1.分词(短语)作定语,相当于一个定语从句
(1)Thehospitalwasanoldbuildingbuiltin1931(=thatwasbuiltin1931).
(2).Doyouknowthegirlstandingoverthere(=whoisstandingoverthere)?
(3).Themanspeakingtoustheotherday(=whospoketoustheotherday)hasgonetoJapan.
本节值得注意的问题:
现在分词短语作定语时,所表示的动作不能先于谓语所表示的动作,也不可以表示将来。
另外,一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语,所以,下列句子都是错的:
HereisMr.LicomingfromBeijing.(应改为whohascomefromBeijing)
Thosehavingfinishedtheirworkcangohomenow.(应改为whohavefinished)
ThemangivingusalecturelastweekleftforShenzhenthismorning.(应改为whogaveus)
2.分词独立结构,相当于一个状语从句,其中伴随状语多与并列句转换
(1)Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),we’llhavethematchtomorrow.
(2).Thedarkcloudshavingdisappeared(=Whenthedarkcloudshaddisappeared),thesunshoneagain.
(3).Themonitorbeingill(=Asthemonitorwasill)we’dbetterputthemetingoff.
(4).Otherthingsbeingequal(=Ifotherthingsareequal),I’dbuytheblackdress.
(5).Givenmoretime(=Ifweweregivenmoretime),wecouldhavedoneitbetter.
(6).Hecameback,hishandstiedtohisback(=andhishandsweretiedtohisback).
3.分词短语,相当于一个状语从句
(1)Onarriving(=AssoonasIarrive)there,I’lltelephoneyou.(时间)
(2).(While)waiting(=WhileIwaswaiting)forthebus,Icaughtsightofher.
(时间)
(3).Educated(=Ashewaseducated)bytheparty,hebecameagreatfighter.
(原因)
(4).Nothavingreceived(=BecauseIhadn’treceivedananswer,Iwrotetohimagain.(原因)
(5).(If)given(=Ifwehadbeengiven)enoughtime,ecouldhavedoneitbetter.(条件)
(6).(Though)havingmade(=Thoughhehadmade)greatachievements,hedidn’tpride.(让步)
4.分词短语作状语,可表伴随,结果,相当于and的并列句,也可和with转换
(1)Hedied,leavinghisdaughtermuchmoney.()(=with),(=andleft)
(2).Theteacherenteredthelab,followedbyourstudents.
(=andhewasfollowedbyourstudents=withusfollowinghim=andwefollowedhim)
5.分词短语在句中作宾语或宾语补足语,相当于一个宾语从句
(1)Hefoundthewindowsbroken.(=Hefoundthatthewindowswerebroken.)
(2).Ifeltmyheartbeatingfastatthenewsofbombexplosion.(=Ifeltthatmyheartwasbestingfastatthenewsofbombexplosion)
四.特殊转换
1.动名词复合结构相当于从句
(1)Sophia’shavingseenthem(=ThatSophiahadseenthem)didn’tsurprisedus.
(2).Ican’tbearhis(him)stayingupsolate(=thathestaysupsolate).
(3).Weencouragestudents’livinginthe