虚拟语气Word文档下载推荐.docx
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有时,条件句与主句所表示的时间不一致（如一个是过去,一个是现在），这时，虚拟语气的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。
例句：
如果他昨天没吃药，现在病也不会好。
Hewouldn’tbewellnow,ifhehadnottakenthemedicineyesterday.
条件状语的倒装：
如果条件状语中有were,had,should时,可以倒装成：
Were/Should/Had+主+其他
IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.--WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.
Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.
--Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.
Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.--Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.
Iftheparents______atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.
A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrived
Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.
A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome
Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.
A.come;
wouldB.wouldcome;
wouldC.willcome;
shouldD.comes;
might
二含蓄的非真实条件句
有时非真实条件句不表示出来，而只是通过介词短语（without,butfor）、上下文或其他方式来表示。
•Butforyourhelp,ourmeetingwouldnothavebeensuchsuccessful.
•Iwouldhavecometothelecture,butIwasillyesterday.
三、wish,wouldrather,ifonly,asif,Itistime等跟从句
1，wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，往后倒推一个时态
did/were
haddone
would/might/woulddo
wish+thatclause
我要是记得地址就好了。
（现在）IwishIrememberedtheaddress.
要是他没有离开这里就好了。
（过去）Iwishhehadnotleft.
要是明天下雨就好了。
（将来）Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.
Exercises:
Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.
A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.went
2.Asif+宾语从句倒推一个时态
Johnspeaksasifhewereagirl.
Ifeltasifmyhearthadstoppedbeating.
Theactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_______ayoungman.
A.isB.willbeC.amD.were
Thecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_______rain.
A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.would
3、Itistime+从句
•Itistimeweendedtheclass.
•Itis（high）timeyouhadahaircut.
4、wouldrather宁愿
1。
我宁愿他们明天来。
Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow.
2。
我宁愿你现在就把信寄出去。
Iwouldratheryoupostedtheletterrightnow.
三、be型虚拟语气（should）do
用在表示建议、命令、要求、决定、看法等表示主观愿望的名词性从句中。
（Suggest,recommend,propose,order,demand,ask,request,require,insist,decide,command
Mysuggestionisthathe______anotherday.（come）
Thecommanderorderedthatthey_____onthatnight.（march）
It’srequestedthatallthestudents（should）wearschooluniformsatschool.
以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以（should）+v原.的形式出现。
Mysuggestionisthatyou（should）gohomefirstbeforecominghere.
Hisrequestthathiscost（should）bepaidbythehouriscompletelyreasonable.
HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she____muchbetterresultsnow.
A.wouldbegetting B.couldhavegotC.mustget D.wouldget
--Ifhe_________he___________thatfood.
--Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.
A.waswarned;
wouldnothavetaken
B.hadbeenwarned;
C.wouldbewarned;
hadnottaken
D.wouldhavebeenwarned;
Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I__________himattheairport.
A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmeetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet
Iftherewerenorsubjunctivemood,English_____mucheasier.
A.WillbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe
_________theexam,hewouldhaveattendedacollege.
A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass
______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.
A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive
________itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.
A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.will
定语从句训练题
1.Wehavejustinstalledtwoair-conditionersinourapartment;
____shouldmakegreatdifferencesinourlifenextsummer.（2002）A.whichB.whatC.thatD.they
2.Theyovercameallthedifficultiesandcompletedtheprojecttwomonthsaheadoftime;
____issomethingwehadnotexpected.（2003）A.whichB.itC.thatD.what
3.Thephysicisthasmadeadiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetotheprogressofscienceandtechnology.（1997）A.IthinkwhichisB.thatIthinkisC.whichIthinkisD.whichIthinkitis
4.Firmsthatusecomputershavefoundthatthenumberofstaff____isneededforqualitycontrolcanbesubstantiallyreduced.（2000）A.whoseB.asC.whatD.that
5.Heisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnottheman____hewastwentyyearsago.（2003）
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom
6.IhaveneverbeentoLhasa,butthat’sthecity____.（1999）
A.I`dmostliketovisitB.whichIliketovisitmostlyC.whereIliketovisitD.I`dlikemuchtovisit
此题6选A，此处省略了关系代词that.C项mostly用法不对。
7.
is
known
to
everybody,
the
moon
travels
round
earth
once
every
month.A.
It
B.
As
C.
That
D.
What
8.____isoftenthecasewithanewidea,muchpreliminaryactivityandoptimisticdiscussionproducednoconcreteproposals.（1994）A.ThatB.ItC.ThisD.As
9.Theyfulfilledthetaskin____ittookus.（1992）
A.three-fourthstimeB.three-fourthstimesC.three-fourthsthetimeD.thethree-fourthstime
10.Abovethetreesisthehill,____magnificencetheriverfaithfullyreflectsonthesurface.（2003）
A.whereB.ofwhoseC.whoseD.which
11.Sherememberedseveraloccasionsinthepast____shehadexperiencedasimilarfeeling.（1998）
A.whichB.beforeC.thatD.when
12.Thiscompanyhasnowintroducedapolicy____payrisesarerelatedtoperformanceatwork.（1996）
A.whichB.whereC.whetherD.what
13.Theresidents,____hadbeendamagedbythefire,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.
A.alloftheirhomesB.alltheirhomesC.who’sallhomesD.allofwhosehomes.
14.Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,___overallconsumptionissignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.A.whoseB.whichC.thatD.what
15.InIndiamorethanonehundredlanguagesarespoken,____whichonlyfourteenarerecognizedasofficial.A.ofB.inC.withD.within
16.Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear;
___uptohalfwillbefromorient.
A.inwhichB.forwhomC.withwhichD.ofwhom
17.Thehours____thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipwithreal-lifepeople.A.inwhichB.onwhichC.whenD.that
AACDBABDCCDBDAADD
TheAttributiveClause（定语从句）
什么是定语从句呢？
概念：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,定语从句在句中做定语成分。
看下面的几个例句：
LookatthephotosthatItookonmytrip.看我在旅行时照的照片。
Mydad’sgotacamerathattakesphotosunderwater.我爸爸有一个能在水下照相的相机。
that为引导的定语从句
LookatthephotosthatItookonmytrip.that为引导词，在从句中代替photos
Attributiveclause
先行词
引导词
先行词：
是被定语从句所修饰的词,通常是名词或代词。
关系词：
是引导定语从句的词，在从句中替代先行词。
注意:
关系词要在从句中充当一定的成分。
关系代词所替代的词在从句中不能再出现。
关系代词:
A.that指人/物，作主语或宾语
1.Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
2.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.
HeisthemanthatItoldyouabout.
B.which指物，作主语或宾语
Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.
ThisrecorderwhichheisusingismadeinJapan.
Isthisthelibrarywhichyouborrowbooksfrom?
=Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?
C.who指人,作主语或宾语。
ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.
Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.
D.whom指人,作宾语。
Themanwhom/whoInoddedtoisMr.Li.
Themantowhom/whoInoddedisMr.Li.
E.whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。
whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。
Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.
Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.
when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.when=onwhich
where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。
ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.where=inwhich
why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。
Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.why=forwhich
“that”的特殊用法
（1）在既指人又指事物的两个或两个以上的先行词后面。
例如：
Theyaretalkingaboutthepeopleandcountriesthattheyhadvisited.
（2）在限制性定语从句中有形容词最高级的先行词后面。
HeisthebeststudentthatIhaveevermet.
（3）在以“Itis...”,“Itwas...”等开头的强调句中，和相应的疑问句中。
如：
Whatisitthathewants?
（4）在only,all,little的后面
ThisisallthatIknow.
（5）在no,every,some和any等词后面，也包括在它们的复合词在内。
Thereisnopersonthatisalwaysintheright.
IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?
判断关系代词与关系副词
⏹方法一：
用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；
而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。
ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.
⏹方法二：
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?
A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone
例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?
A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone
介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。
ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.
ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.
Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?
Doyourememberthedayw
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