精品历年考研英语真题及答案三十二Word下载.docx
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2.[A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides
3.[A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined
4.[A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking
5.[A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore
6.[A]evenif [B]ifonly [C]onlyif [D]asif
7.[A]distinguishing [B]discovering [C]determining [D]detecting
8.[A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining [D]diffused
9.[A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas
10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical
11.[A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses
12.[A]atfirst [B]atall [C]atlarg [D]attimes
13.[A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed
14.[A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient
15.[A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create
16.[A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless
17.[A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired
18.[A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice
19.[A]availabe [B]reliable [C]identifiable [D]suitable
20.[A]similarto [B]suchas [C]alongwith [D]asidefrom
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1(40points)
Text1
Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell.
Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'
sandDr.dewaal'
s;
study.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbecamemarkedlydifferent.
Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers)Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedto;
acceptthesliceofcucumberIndeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoreduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.
Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions,inthewild,theyareaco-operative,grouplivingspecies,Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone,Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsformthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.
21.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby
A.posingacontrast.
B.justifyinganassumption.
C.makingacomparison.
D.explainingaphenomenon.
22.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,paragraphl)impliesthat
A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals.
B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys'
nature.
C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother.
D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions.
23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare
A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget.
B.attentivetoresearchers'
instructions.
C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament.
D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions
24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys
A.prefergrapestocucumbers.
B.canbetaughttoexchangethings.
C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated.
D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers.
25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.
B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.
C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.
D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.
Text2
Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'
tknowforsure?
Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?
Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?
LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.
Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth'
satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointinteprefacetothepanel'
srepor“ScienceneverhalltheanswersButsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatoutnationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”
Justasonsmokingvoicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit'
sOktokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.thisisadangerousgame:
bythe100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.
Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit'
sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident'
sadvisersstilldon'
ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch-aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis”.
Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearchButresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon'
ttakethelegislativeinitiative,CongressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasuresAbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustryisapromisingstartManyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.
26.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat
A.therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath.
B.thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant.
C.peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife.
D.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense.
27.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas
A.aprotector.
B.ajudge.
C.acritic.
D.aguide.
28.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”(Lastline,paragraph4)
A.Endlessstudieskillaction.
B.Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.
C.prudentplanninghinders.
D.Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.
29.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdm