精品历年考研英语真题及答案三十二Word下载.docx

精品历年考研英语真题及答案三十二Word下载.docx

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　　2.[A]above　[B]unlike　[C]excluding　[D]besides

　　3.[A]limited　[B]committed　[C]dedicated　[D]confined

　　4.[A]catching　[B]ignoring　[C]missing　[D]tracking

　　5.[A]anyway　[B]though　[C]instead　[D]therefore

　　6.[A]evenif　[B]ifonly　[C]onlyif　[D]asif

　　7.[A]distinguishing　[B]discovering　[C]determining　[D]detecting

　　8.[A]diluted　[B]dissolved　[C]determining　[D]diffused

　　9.[A]when　[B]since　[C]for　[D]whereas

　　10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical

　　11.[A]signs　[B]stimuli　[C]messages　[D]impulses

　　12.[A]atfirst　[B]atall　[C]atlarg　[D]attimes

　　13.[A]subjected　[B]left　[C]drawn　[D]exposed

　　14.[A]ineffective　[B]incompetent　[C]inefficient　[D]insufficient

　　15.[A]introduce　[B]summon　[C]trigger　[D]create

　　16.[A]still　[B]also　[C]otherwise　[D]nevertheless

　　17.[A]sure　[B]sick　[C]aware　[D]tired

　　18.[A]tolerate　[B]repel　[C]neglect　[D]notice

　　19.[A]availabe　[B]reliable　[C]identifiable　[D]suitable

　　20.[A]similarto　[B]suchas　[C]alongwith　[D]asidefrom

　　SectionⅡReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1（40points）

　　Text1

　　Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell.

　　Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'

sandDr.dewaal'

s；

study.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbecamemarkedlydifferent.

　　Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedto；

acceptthesliceofcucumberIndeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber（withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit）wasenoughtoreduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

　　Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions,inthewild,theyareaco-operative,grouplivingspecies,Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone,Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsformthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

21.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby

　　A.posingacontrast.

　　B.justifyinganassumption.

　　C.makingacomparison.

　　D.explainingaphenomenon.

　　22.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”（Lastline,paragraphl）impliesthat

　　A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals.

　　B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys'

nature.

　　C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother.

　　D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions.

　　23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare

　　A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget.

　　B.attentivetoresearchers'

instructions.

　　C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament.

　　D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

　　24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys

　　A.prefergrapestocucumbers.

　　B.canbetaughttoexchangethings.

　　C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated.

　　D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers.

　　25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？

　　A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

　　B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

　　C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

　　D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.

　　Text2

　　Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'

tknowforsure？

Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain？

Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway？

LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.

　　Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth'

satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointinteprefacetothepanel'

srepor“ScienceneverhalltheanswersButsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatoutnationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”

　　Justasonsmokingvoicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit'

sOktokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.thisisadangerousgame：

bythe100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.

　　Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit'

sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident'

sadvisersstilldon'

ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch-aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis”.

　　Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearchButresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon'

ttakethelegislativeinitiative,CongressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasuresAbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustryisapromisingstartManyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.

　　26.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat

　　A.therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath.

　　B.thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant.

　　C.peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife.

　　D.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense.

27.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas

　　A.aprotector.

　　B.ajudge.

　　C.acritic.

　　D.aguide.

　　28.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”（Lastline,paragraph4）

　　A.Endlessstudieskillaction.

　　B.Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.

　　C.prudentplanninghinders.

　　D.Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.

　　29.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdm