oracle常用函数文档格式.docx
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selectpower(2,10),power(3,3)fromdual;
POWER(2,10)POWER(3,3)
---------------------
102427
28.ROUND和TRUNC
按照指定的精度进行舍入
selectround(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5)fromdual;
ROUND(55.5)ROUND(-55.4)TRUNC(55.5)TRUNC(-55.5)
----------------------------------------------
56-5555-55
29.SIGN
取数字n的符号,大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0
selectsign(123),sign(-100),sign(0)fromdual;
SIGN(123)SIGN(-100)SIGN(0)
----------------------------
1-10
30.SIN
返回一个数字的正弦值
selectsin(1.57079)fromdual;
SIN(1.57079)
------------
1
•31.SIGH
返回双曲正弦的值
selectsin(20),sinh(20)fromdual;
SIN(20)SINH(20)
.91294525242582598
32.SQRT
返回数字n的根
selectsqrt(64),sqrt(10)fromdual;
SQRT(64)SQRT(10)
83.1622777
33.TAN
返回数字的正切值
selecttan(20),tan(10)fromdual;
TAN(20)TAN(10)
2.2371609.64836083
34.TANH
返回数字n的双曲正切值
selecttanh(20),tan(20)fromdual;
TANH(20)TAN(20)
12.2371609
35.TRUNC
按照指定的精度截取一个数
selecttrunc(124.1666,-2)trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2)fromdual;
TRUNC1TRUNC(124.16666,2)
---------------------------
100124.16
36.ADD_MONTHS
增加或减去月份
selectto_char(add_months(to_date(199912,yyyymm),2),yyyymm)fromdual;
TO_CHA
------
200002
selectto_char(add_months(to_date(199912,yyyymm),-2),yyyymm)fromdual;
199910
37.LAST_DAY
返回日期的最后一天
selectto_char(sysdate,yyyy.mm.dd),to_char((sysdate)+1,yyyy.mm.dd)fromdual;
TO_CHAR(SYTO_CHAR((S
--------------------
2004.05.092004.05.10
selectlast_day(sysdate)fromdual;
LAST_DAY(S
----------
31-5月-04
38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)
给出date2-date1的月份
selectmonths_between(19-12月-1999,19-3月-1999)mon_betweenfromdual;
MON_BETWEEN
-----------
9
selectmonths_between(to_date(2000.05.20,yyyy.mm.dd),to_date(2005.05.20,yyyy.mm.dd))mon_betwfromdual;
MON_BETW
-60
39.NEW_TIME(date,this,that)
给出在this时区=other时区的日期和时刻
selectto_char(sysdate,yyyy.mm.ddhh24:
mi:
ss)bj_time,to_char(new_time
2(sysdate,PDT,GMT),yyyy.mm.ddhh24:
ss)los_anglesfromdual;
BJ_TIMELOS_ANGLES
--------------------------------------
2004.05.0911:
05:
322004.05.0918:
32
40.NEXT_DAY(date,day)
给出日期date和星期x之后运算下一个星期的日期
selectnext_day('
18-5月-2001'
'
星期五'
)next_dayfromdual;
NEXT_DAY
25-5月-01
41.SYSDATE
用来得到系统的当前日期
selectto_char(sysdate,dd-mm-yyyyday)fromdual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,
-----------------
09-05-2004星期日
trunc(date,fmt)按照给出的要求将日期截断,假如fmt=mi表示保留分,截断秒
selectto_char(trunc(sysdate,hh),yyyy.mm.ddhh24:
ss)hh,
2to_char(trunc(sysdate,mi),yyyy.mm.ddhh24:
ss)hhmmfromdual;
HHHHMM
00:
002004.05.0911:
17:
00
42.CHARTOROWID
将字符数据类型转换为ROWID类型
selectrowid,rowidtochar(rowid),enamefromscott.emp;
ROWIDROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID)ENAME
----------------------------------------------
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAAAAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAASMITH
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAABAAAAfKAACAAAAEqAABALLEN
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAACAAAAfKAACAAAAEqAACWARD
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAADAAAAfKAACAAAAEqAADJONES
43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)
将源字符串sset从一个语言字符集转换到另一个目的dset字符集
selectconvert(strutz,we8hp,f7dec)"
conversion"
fromdual;
conver
strutz
44.HEXTORAW
将一个十六进制构成的字符串转换为二进制
45.RAWTOHEXT
将一个二进制构成的字符串转换为十六进制
46.ROWIDTOCHAR
将ROWID数据类型转换为字符类型
47.TO_CHAR(date,format)
selectto_char(sysdate,yyyy/mm/ddhh24:
ss)fromdual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,YY
-------------------
2004/05/0921:
14:
41
•48.TO_DATE(string,format)
将字符串转化为ORACLE中的一个日期
49.TO_MULTI_BYTE
将字符串中的单字节字符转化为多字节字符
selectto_multi_byte(高)fromdual;
TO
--
高
50.TO_NUMBER
将给出的字符转换为数字
selectto_number(1999)yearfromdual;
YEAR
1999
51.BFILENAME(dir,file)
指定一个外部二进制文件
insertintofile_tb1values(bfilename(lob_dir1,image1.gif));
52.CONVERT(x,desc,source)
将x字段或变量的源source转换为desc
selectsid,serial#,username,decode(command,
20,none,
32,insert,
43,
5select,
66,update,
77,delete,
88,drop,
9other)cmdfromv$sessionwheretype!
=background;
SIDSERIAL#USERNAMECMD
------------------------------------------------------
11none
21none
31none
41none
51none
61none
71275none
81275none
920GAOselect
1040GAOnone
53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length)
DUMP函数以fmt指定的内部数字格式返回一个VARCHAR2类型的值
colglobal_namefora30
coldump_stringfora50
setlin200
selectglobal_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5)dump_stringfromglobal_name;
GLOBAL_NAMEDUMP_STRING
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE.WORLDTyp=1Len=12CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK:
W,O,R,L,D
54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB()
这两个函数差不多上用来对大数据类型字段进行初始化操作的函数
55.GREATEST
返回一组表达式中的最大值,即比较字符的编码大小.
selectgreatest(AA,AB,AC)fromdual;
GR
AC
selectgreatest(啊,安,天)fromdual;
天
56.LEAST
返回一组表达式中的最小值
selectleast(啊,安,天)fromdual;
LE
啊
57.UID
返回标识当前用户的唯独整数
showuser
USER为"
GAO"
selectusername,user_idfromdba_userswhereuser_id=uid;
USERNAMEUSER_ID
---------------------------------------
GAO25
58.USER
返回当前用户的名字
selectuserfromdual;
USER
------------------------------
GAO
59.USEREVN
返回当前用户环境的信息,opt能够是:
ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE
ISDBA查看当前用户是否是DBA假如是则返回true
selectuserenv(isdba)fromdual;
USEREN
FALSE
TRUE
SESSION
返回会话标志
selectuserenv(sessionid)fromdual;
USERENV(SESSIONID)
--------------------
152
ENTRYID
返回会话人口标志
selectuserenv(entryid)fromdual;
USERENV(ENTRYID)
------------------
0
INSTANCE
返回当前INSTANCE的标志
selectuserenv(instance)fromdual;
USERENV(INSTANCE)
LANGUAGE
返回当前环境变量
selectuserenv(language)fromdual;
USERENV(LANGUAGE)
----------------------------------------------------
SIMPLIFIEDCHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
LANG
返回当前环境的语言的缩写
selectuserenv(lang)fromdual;
USERENV(LANG)
ZHS
TERMINAL
返回用户的终端或机器的标志
selectuserenv(terminal)fromdual;
USERENV(TERMINA
----------------
VSIZE(X)
返回X的大小(字节)数
selectvsize(user),userfromdual;
VSIZE(USER)USER
-----------------------------------------
6SYSTEM
•60.AVG(DISTINCT|ALL)
all表示对所有的值求平均值,distinct只对不同的值求平均值
SQLWKS>
createtabletable3(xmvarchar(8),salnumber(7,2));
语句已处理。
insertintotable3values(gao,1111.11);
insertintotable3values(zhu,5555.55);
commit;
selectavg(distinctsal)fromgao.table3;
AVG(DISTINCTSAL)
3333.33
selectavg(allsal)fromgao.table3;
AVG(ALLSAL)
2592.59
61.MAX(DISTINCT|ALL)
求最大值,ALL表示对所有的值求最大值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最大值,相同的只取一次
selectmax(distinctsal)fromscott.emp;
MAX(DISTINCTSAL)
5000
62.MIN(DISTINCT|ALL)
求最小值,ALL表示对所有的值求最小值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最小值,相同的只取一次
selectmin(allsal)fromgao.table3;
MIN(ALLSAL)
1111.11
63.STDDEV(distinct|all)
求标准差,ALL表示对所有的值求标准差,DISTINCT表示只对不同的值求标准差
selectstddev(sal)fromscott.emp;
STDDEV(SAL)
1182.5032
selectstddev(distinctsal)fromscott.emp;
STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL)
1229.951
64.VARIANCE(DISTINCT|ALL)
求协方差
selectvariance(sal)fromscott.emp;
VARIANCE(SAL)
-------------
1398313.9
65.GROUPBY
要紧用来对一组数进行统计
selectdeptno,count(*),sum(sal)fromscott.empgroupbydeptno;
DEPTNOCOUNT(*)SUM(SAL)
1038750
20510875
3069400
66.HAVING
对分组统计再加限制条件
selectdeptno,count(*),sum(sal)fromscott.empgroupbydeptnohavingcount(*)>
=5;
selectdeptno,count(*),sum(sal)fromscott.emphavingcount(*)>
=5groupbydeptno;
67.ORDERBY
用于对查询到的结果进行排序输出
selectdeptno,ename,salfromscott.emporderbydeptno,saldesc;
DEPTNOENAMESAL
10KING5000
10CLARK2450
10MILLER1300
20SCOTT3000
20FORD3000
20JONES2975
20ADAMS1100
20SMITH800
30BLAKE2850
30ALLEN1600
30TURNER1500
30WARD1250
30MARTIN1250
30JAMES950
68.pl/sql中的case语句
select
(case
when
DUMMY='
X'
then
0
else
1
end)
as
flag
from
dual;
case的第1种用法:
casecolwhen'
a'
then1
when'
b'
then2
else0end
这种用法跟decode一样没什么区别
case的第2种用法:
casewhenscore<
60then'
d'
whenscore>
=60andscore<
70then'
c'
when