我对宋朝历史地位的认识My understanding of the historical status of Song DynastyWord文件下载.docx

我对宋朝历史地位的认识My understanding of the historical status of Song DynastyWord文件下载.docx

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ZhangBangwei（1940?

）,male,SichuanprovinceJiangCounty,ProfessorofhistoryatSichuanNormalUniversity,mainlyengagedinthestudyofancienthistoryChina.#[3]Mr.ChenYinqueAnthology:

volumesecond[M]Shanghai:

ShanghaiAncientBooksPress,1980[4][ZhuRuixi5]LeeHongqi[6]LiuDerekdivision,1978[7]1970songhistorydataextractiontorecord[M]Taipei:

JingkangWenhaipress,researchessays[J]historyofsongandYuanperiod,1990（3）thehistoryoftheSongDynastyJuren[A]internationalseminaroftheSongDynastyintwo[C]onSongDynastyhistorycompilation[MTaipei:

JointPublishingCompany

Taipei:

UniversityofChineseculture,1988

MyunderstandingofthehistoricalstatusofSongDynasty

ZhaoXiHu

（Collegeofhistoryandculture,SichuanUniversity,Sichuan,Chengdu610065）

TheacademiccirclesstillhavedifferentviewsontheSongDynasty'

sstatusinancientchina.TheSongDynastyispoorandweakorthink,notthatthesongisnotflourishing;

theotheristhesocialprosperity,butitsprosperityanddevelopment.OrthatthepeakofChineseancientsocialdevelopmentwasinTangDynasty,whiletheotherthoughtitwasinSongdynasty.Orthatthepolicyofconservative,nootherthoughtas;

theSongDynastyistheturningeraChinainfeudalsociety,thesocialdevelopmentalot,suchaswaterlan.Theheightofsocialdevelopment?

ItoccupieswhatpositioninthehistoryofancientChinese?

Thisisthetwotocorrectunderstandingofhistory,theSongDynastyChinaChinesehistoryandtraditionalculture,butalsorelatestothecorrectunderstandingofChinaconditionsandtobettercarryforwardtheexcellenttraditionalcultureoftheChinesenationproblem.Firstofall,toseetheSongDynastysocial,economicandculturaldevelopmentnconditionsandtheirheight.TheSongDynastycouldnotcomparewithHanandTangDynastiesintermsofterritory,nationalpowerandopenness.However,theSongDynastysocietydevelopedobviouslyonthebasisoftheTangDynastysociety,anditwasintheperiodofthegreatfusionoftheancientChinesenationandthefurtherdevelopmentofthefeudalsociety.Andingeneral,itsdevelopmentishigherthanthatofTangdynasty.Thebottomlineis:

socialproduction?

CropyieldperunitareaisbetterthanthatoftheTangDynasty,plantingwheat,cottonspread,economiccropsandindustrialprogressthanmostoftheTangdynasty.Thefurtherdevelopmentofcommodityeconomy,thetownsquarebreakthrough,rise,developmentofcity,theworldfirstnotejiaozi（morethan600yearsearlierthaninEuropefirstnote）.Thesocial,economicandculturalaspectsofsomemountainousareasandminorityareashavealsobeenmarkedlyimproved.Inthefieldofscienceandtechnology,threeofthefourgreatinventionsofancientChinawerecompletedintheSongDynasty,namely,compass,gunpowderandmovabletypeprinting.Theworld'

sfirstastronomicalclockandtheworldfamousstoneastronomymapandgeographicalmapappeared.MathematicianJiaXian'

smultiplicationandopeningmethod,QinJiushao'

s"

bigpoem"

"

integermethod"

intheformofacongruentsolution,thanEurope

Similaralgorithmswereeighthundredandfivehundredyearsearlier.Medicinefromthepreviousthreedividedintoninefamilies,theworld'

sfirstforensicwork&

%Xiyuanlu.Acupuncturehasgreatdevelopment.%ofclassicclassifiedmateriamedicaforEmergencyMedicine&

received%&

fourhundredandseventy-sixNewTangmateria.Architecture,geologyandsoonhaveallreachednewlevels.Inthespiritualandculturalaspects,therevivalofConfucianismhasbeencompleted,andthetraditionalConfucianstudieshaveenteredanewstageofsongstudies,whichhascreatedNeoConfucianism,namelyNeoconfucianism.ItpromotedthefurtherdevelopmentofthethreeschoolsofConfucianism,Buddhismandbuddhism.Completedtheancienttext,themovement.IntheTangandSongDynastiesproseeightinSongDynasty,accountedforsix.Thewordreacheditspeak.ThishasopenedanewerainthehistoryofliteratureChina.Thehistoricalgenrediversity,theriseofFangZhixue,epigraphyworksrich;

historiansreachedapeakinChinaancienthistoriography.Formationanddevelopmentofacademysystem.Suchascalligraphy,sculpture,stonecarvings,paintingandsoon,havereachedanewlevel.BuddhismandTaoismhavealsoundergonenewdevelopments.ThesystemofcultureinTangDynasty?

Weijian,Tangiscomplete.Autocracyofofficialselection,managementandsupervisionsystem,

Topreventthegenerals,civilservants,wives,relatives,clan,dictatorshipandtheeunuchwithoutauthorizationonthepoliticsofConfucianiskuanshuetc..ItcanbeseenthatintheHanandTang,SongDynastybothmaterialcultureandspiritualculture,systemculturehasnewdevelopment,andinmanywaysisunprecedentedamongthehighestintheworld,atthetimeofthe.ItcanbesaidthattheheightofsocialdevelopmentinSongDynastywasgenerallymorethanthatoftheTangdynasty.Mr.DengGuangmingoncepointedout:

toachievethetwoSongperiodofmaterialcivilizationandspiritualcivilization,inthefeudalera,canbesaidtobeunprecedented.Mr.ChenYinquealsopointedoutthatthecultureofChinesenation,has1000yearsofevolution,intheworldSongzhiZhaozaoji.Secondly,thesocialchangeofsongdynasty.Throughouthistory,theSongDynastyistheeraofsocialchangeChinaturninginthefeudalsociety,thesocietyhaschanged.Forexample:

101

JournalofHebei2006?

5furtherproposedandpoor,Chinaancientpeasantuprisingandenteredintoanewstage.Theideologicalandculturalaspects?

Theancientprosemovement,therevivalofConfucianism,NeoConfucianism,poetryrise,formationoflocaltopography,theriseofepigraphy,theemergenceanddevelopmentofvernacular,BuddhismChinesepopularization,etc.,areallinthefeudalsocietyofepoch-makingchangeandtransition.TheSongDynastythesocialchangeandthenexusturn,largescale,comprehensive,richandcolorful,wavesrepeatedly,aftermostbeganintheMidTangDynasty,completedintheSongDynasty,andfar-reachingimpactonfuturegenerations.Mongolianhaspointedout:

sincetheQinDynastytwothousandyearsofChinesehistory,intermsofgreatchanges,itcanbedividedintotwomajorsectionsbeforeTangandTangDynasties.Inthelightofitsremarkablepassages,itcanbedividedintofoursections:

Wei,Jin,MidTangandMingdynasties.Thefourstageoflate,andinTangDynastybeforetheTangDynastylaterchangedmostviolently,butalsomorecomprehensive.Therefore,thecorrectunderstandingofthedevelopmentofsocialeconomyandcultureinthesameheight,butalsoacorrectunderstandingoftheimportantroleinconnectingChinainancienthistory,toscientificunderstandingoftruehistory,graspthetrajectoryandtherulesofhistoricaldevelopment.

Theeconomy?

Thesystemcollapse,tenancysystem,commondevelopment.Thesystemofrentequalizationwasabolished,andthetwotaxlawwasdevelopedtoimprovethe"

twotax"

system.Thefunctionsofsometownsaredevelopedfrommilitarycitiestoindustrialandcommercialcities.Becauseoftherelativedevelopmentofcommodityeconomy,theSongDynastynotesandthechild,thechild,child,agreatimpactonfuturegenerationsofcurrency.Someaspectsorareashavethesocialconditionsthatproducetheseedsofcapitalism.Thestructureofsociety?

Thefoundationofrulingbylandlordstochangedmainlybigbureaucratsandbiglandlords.Laborrelationsofpersonaldependenceduetothedevelopmentofthetenancysystemandtherelativerelaxation.Thepoliticalsystem?

Bytheemperor,landlordspoliticalsystemchanges,fortheemperor,bureaucratsandlandlordspoliticalsystem.Thedivisionandweakeningofthepoweroftheprimeminister.Bythechangeofmercenarysoldiersystem.ThelocaladministrativedivisionsaresetupalongTangRoadandaredevelopedintoadministrativeorganizationsatthefirstlevel.Thedevelopmentofcontrolpolicy.Inthepeasantuprising,WangXiaobaoandLiShunuprisingintheearlyyearsoftheNorthernSongDynastyputforwardtheideaof"

bothrichandpoor"

;

intheearlyyearsoftheSouthernSongDynasty,thebellphaseandYangYuanUprising

HuZhaoxi（1933）,male,SichuanCity,ZigongProvince,Professorofhistoryandculture,SichuanUniversity,Ph.D.supervisor,mainlyengagedinChineseancienthistoryresearch.#

ThepositionandinfluenceoftheSouthernSongDynastyinChinesehistory

ZhongLiHe

（Departmentofhistory,ZhejiangUniversity,Zhejiang,Hangzhou310028）

TheSouthernSongDynasty（1127-1279）establishedthecountryforonehundredandfifty-threeyears,andpeopleusedtohavealowevaluationofitshistoricalstatus.OneisthattheSouthernSongDynastyfromthefoundingdate,hasbroughtfromtheNorthe