我对宋朝历史地位的认识My understanding of the historical status of Song DynastyWord文件下载.docx

1、 Zhang Bangwei （1940?）, male, Sichuan province Jiang County, Professor of history at Sichuan Normal University, mainly engaged in the study of ancient history China. # 3 Mr. Chen Yinque Anthology: volume second M Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Press, 1980 4 Zhu Ruixi 5 Lee Hongqi 6 Liu Derek divis

2、ion, 1978 7 1970 song history data extraction to record M Taipei: Jingkang Wenhai press, research essays J history of song and Yuan period, 1990 （3） the history of the Song Dynasty Juren A international seminar of the Song Dynasty in two C on Song Dynasty history compilation M Taipei: Joint Publishi

3、ng CompanyTaipei: University of Chinese culture, 1988My understanding of the historical status of Song DynastyZhao Xi Hu（College of history and culture, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu 610065）The academic circles still have different views on the Song Dynastys status in ancient china. The Song

4、Dynasty is poor and weak or think, not that the song is not flourishing; the other is the social prosperity, but its prosperity and development. Or that the peak of Chinese ancient social development was in Tang Dynasty, while the other thought it was in Song dynasty. Or that the policy of conservat

5、ive, no other thought as; the Song Dynasty is the turning era China in feudal society, the social development a lot, such as water lan. The height of social development? It occupies what position in the history of ancient Chinese? This is the two to correct understanding of history, the Song Dynasty

6、 China Chinese history and traditional culture, but also relates to the correct understanding of China conditions and to better carry forward the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation problem. First of all, to see the Song Dynasty social, economic and cultural development n conditions

7、and their height. The Song Dynasty could not compare with Han and Tang Dynasties in terms of territory, national power and openness. However, the Song Dynasty society developed obviously on the basis of the Tang Dynasty society, and it was in the period of the great fusion of the ancient Chinese nat

8、ion and the further development of the feudal society. And in general, its development is higher than that of Tang dynasty. The bottom line is: social production? Crop yield per unit area is better than that of the Tang Dynasty, planting wheat, cotton spread, economic crops and industrial progress t

9、han most of the Tang dynasty. The further development of commodity economy, the town square breakthrough, rise, development of city, the world first note jiaozi （more than 600 years earlier than in Europe first note）. The social, economic and cultural aspects of some mountainous areas and minority a

10、reas have also been markedly improved. In the field of science and technology, three of the four great inventions of ancient China were completed in the Song Dynasty, namely, compass, gunpowder and movable type printing. The worlds first astronomical clock and the world famous stone astronomy map an

11、d geographical map appeared. Mathematician Jia Xians multiplication and opening method, Qin Jiushaos big poem, integer method in the form of a congruent solution, than EuropeSimilar algorithms were eight hundred and five hundred years earlier. Medicine from the previous three divided into nine famil

12、ies, the worlds first forensic work &% Xiyuan lu. Acupuncture has great development. % of classic classified materia medica for Emergency Medicine & received% & four hundred and seventy-six New Tang materia. Architecture, geology and so on have all reached new levels. In the spiritual and cultural a

13、spects, the revival of Confucianism has been completed, and the traditional Confucian studies have entered a new stage of song studies, which has created Neo Confucianism, namely Neo confucianism. It promoted the further development of the three schools of Confucianism, Buddhism and buddhism. Comple

14、ted the ancient text, the movement. In the Tang and Song Dynasties prose eight in Song Dynasty, accounted for six. The word reached its peak. This has opened a new era in the history of literature China. The historical genre diversity, the rise of Fang Zhixue, epigraphy works rich; historians reache

15、d a peak in China ancient historiography. Formation and development of academy system. Such as calligraphy, sculpture, stone carvings, painting and so on, have reached a new level. Buddhism and Taoism have also undergone new developments. The system of culture in Tang Dynasty? Weijian, Tang is compl

16、ete. Autocracy of official selection, management and supervision system,To prevent the generals, civil servants, wives, relatives, clan, dictatorship and the eunuch without authorization on the politics of Confucian is kuanshu etc. It can be seen that in the Han and Tang, Song Dynasty both material

17、culture and spiritual culture, system culture has new development, and in many ways is unprecedented among the highest in the world, at the time of the. It can be said that the height of social development in Song Dynasty was generally more than that of the Tang dynasty. Mr. Deng Guangming once poin

18、ted out: to achieve the two Song period of material civilization and spiritual civilization, in the feudal era, can be said to be unprecedented. Mr. Chen Yinque also pointed out that the culture of Chinese nation, has 1000 years of evolution, in the world Songzhi Zhao zaoji. Secondly, the social cha

19、nge of song dynasty. Throughout history, the Song Dynasty is the era of social change China turning in the feudal society, the society has changed. For example: 101Journal of Hebei 2006?5 further proposed and poor, China ancient peasant uprising and entered into a new stage. The ideological and cult

20、ural aspects? The ancient prose movement, the revival of Confucianism, Neo Confucianism, poetry rise, formation of local topography, the rise of epigraphy, the emergence and development of vernacular, Buddhism Chinese popularization, etc., are all in the feudal society of epoch-making change and tra

21、nsition. The Song Dynasty the social change and the nexus turn, large scale, comprehensive, rich and colorful, waves repeatedly, after most began in the Mid Tang Dynasty, completed in the Song Dynasty, and far-reaching impact on future generations. Mongolian has pointed out: since the Qin Dynasty tw

22、o thousand years of Chinese history, in terms of great changes, it can be divided into two major sections before Tang and Tang Dynasties. In the light of its remarkable passages, it can be divided into four sections: Wei, Jin, Mid Tang and Ming dynasties. The four stage of late, and in Tang Dynasty

23、before the Tang Dynasty later changed most violently, but also more comprehensive. Therefore, the correct understanding of the development of social economy and culture in the same height, but also a correct understanding of the important role in connecting China in ancient history, to scientific un

24、derstanding of true history, grasp the trajectory and the rules of historical development.The economy? The system collapse, tenancy system, common development. The system of rent equalization was abolished, and the two tax law was developed to improve the two tax system. The functions of some towns

25、are developed from military cities to industrial and commercial cities. Because of the relative development of commodity economy, the Song Dynasty notes and the child, the child, child, a great impact on future generations of currency. Some aspects or areas have the social conditions that produce th

26、e seeds of capitalism. The structure of society? The foundation of ruling by landlords to changed mainly big bureaucrats and big landlords. Labor relations of personal dependence due to the development of the tenancy system and the relative relaxation. The political system? By the emperor, landlords

27、 political system changes, for the emperor, bureaucrats and landlords political system. The division and weakening of the power of the prime minister. By the change of mercenary soldier system. The local administrative divisions are set up along Tang Road and are developed into administrative organi

28、zations at the first level. The development of control policy. In the peasant uprising, Wang Xiaobao and Li Shun uprising in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty put forward the idea of both rich and poor; in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the bell phase and Yang Yuan Uprising

29、Hu Zhaoxi （1933）, male, Sichuan City, Zigong Province, Professor of history and culture, Sichuan University, Ph. D. supervisor, mainly engaged in Chinese ancient history research. #The position and influence of the Southern Song Dynasty in Chinese historyZhong Li He（Department of history, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310028）The Southern Song Dynasty （1127 - 1279） established the country for one hundred and fifty-three years, and people used to have a low evaluation of its historical status. One is that the Southern Song Dynasty from the founding date, has brought from the Northe