托福阅读做一篇阅读需要多长时间呢Word文件下载.docx

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earthquakes.However,manyoftheseglacierse_istinthesameareaasnormal

glaciers,oftenalmostsidebyside.

Some800yearsago,AlaskasHubbardGlacieradvancedtowardthesea,

retreated,andadvancedagain500yearslater.Since_95,this

seventy-mile-longriveroficehasbeenflowingsteadilytowardtheGulfof

Alaskaatarateofappro_imately200feetperyear.InJune_86,however,the

glaciersurgedaheadasmuchas47feetaday.Meanwhile,awesterntributary,

calledValerieGlacier,advancedupto_2feetaday.Hubbardssurgeclosed

offRussellFiordwithaformidableicedam,some2,500feetwideandupto800

feethigh,whosecagedwatersthreatenedthetownofYakutattothesouth.

About20similarglaciersaroundtheGulfofAlaskaareheadingtowardthe

sea.Ifenoughsurgeglaciersreachtheoceanandraisesealevels,west

Antarcticiceshelvescouldriseofftheseafloorandbecomeadrift.Afloodof

icewouldthensurgeintotheSouthernSea.Withthecontinuedriseinsea

level,moreicewouldplungeintotheocean,causingsealevelstoriseeven

higher,whichinturnwouldreleasemoreiceandsetinmotionaviciouscycle.

TheadditionalseaicefloatingtowardthetropicswouldincreaseEarthsalbedo

andlowerglobaltemperatures,perhapsenoughtoinitiateanewiceage.This

situationappearstohaveoccurredattheendofthelastwarminterglacial（the

timebetweenglacations）,calledtheSangamon,whenseaicecooledtheocean

dramatically,spawningthebeginningoftheIceAge.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

（A）Theclassificationofdifferenttypesofsurgeglaciers

（B）Thecausesandconsequencesofsurgeglaciers

（C）Thedefinitionofasurgeglacier

（D）Thehistoryofaparticularsurgeglacier

2.Thewordintervalsinline2isclosestinmeaningto

（A）records

（B）speeds

（C）distances

（D）periods

3.Theauthorcomparesthesurgingmotionofasurgeglaciertothe

movementofa

（A）fish

（B）wave

（C）machine

（D）boat

4.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormentionasapossiblecauseof

surgingglaciers?

（A）Thedeclineinsealevels

（B）Theoccurrenceofunusuallylargeoceanwaves

（C）TheshiftingAntarcticiceshelves

（D）Thepressureofmeltwaterunderneaththeglacier

5.Thewordfreeinginline7isclosestinmeaningto

（A）pushing

（B）releasing

（C）strengthening

（D）draining

6.Accordingtothepassage,theHubbardGlacier

（A）movesmoreoftenthantheValerieGlacier

（B）beganmovementtowardtheseain_95

（C）is800feetwide

（D）hasmovedasfastas47feetperday

7.Yakutatisthenameof

（A）anAlaskantown

（B）thelasticeage

（C）asurgeglacier

（D）anAntarcticiceshelf

8.Thewordplungeinline_isclosestinmeaningto

（A）drop

（B）e_tend

（C）melt

（D）drift

9.Thetermviciouscycleinline24referstothe

（A）movementpatternofsurgeglaciers

（B）effectsurgeglacierscouldhaveonthetemperatureoftropical

areas

（C）effectthatrepeatedrisingsealevelsmighthaveonglacialice

（D）constantthreatsurgeglacierscouldposetotheGulfofAlaska

10.Theauthorprovidesadefinitionforwhichofthefollowingterms?

（A）tributary（line_）

（B）icedam（line_）

（C）albedo（line25）

（D）interglacial（line26）

_.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythepassage?

（A）Themovementofsurgeglacierscanbeprevented.

（B）Thene_ticeagecouldbecausedbysurgeglaciers.

（C）SurgeglaciershelptosupportAntarcticiceshelves.

（D）NormalglaciershavelittleeffectonEarthsclimate.

PASSAGE38BDBDBDAACDB

Theyear_50maybeconsideredthebeginningofanewepochinAmerica

art,withrespecttothedevelopmentofwatercolorpainting.InDecemberofthat

year,agroupofthirtyartistsgatheredinthestudioofJohnFalconerinNew

YorkCityanddraftedbothaconstitutionandbylaws,establishingTheSociety

forthePromotionofPaintinginWaterColor.Inadditiontosecuringan

e_hibitionspaceintheLibrarySocietybuildinginlowerManhattan,thesociety

foundedasmallschoolfortheinstructionofwatercolorpainting.Periodic

e_hibitionsofthememberspaintingsalsoincludedworksbynotedEnglish

artistsoftheday,borrowedfromembryonicprivatecollectionsinthecity.The

societysactivitiesalsoincludedorganizedsketchinge_cursionsalongthe

HudsonRiver.Itsmajorpublice_posurecamein_53,whenthesocietypresented

worksbyitsmembersintheIndustryofAllNationssectionoftheCrystal

PalaceE_positioninNewYork.

Thesocietydidnotprosper,however,andbythetimeofitsannualmeeting

in_54membershiphadfallentotwenty-one.Thegroupgaveupitsquartersin

theLibrarySocietybuildingandreturnedtoFalconersstudio,whereitbroke

upamiddissension.Nofurtherattempttoformallyorganizethegrowingnumbers

ofwatercolorpaintersinNewYorkCitywasmadeformorethanadecade.During

thatdecade,though,HenryWarrensPaintinginWaterColorwaspublishedinNew

YorkCityin_56—thebookwasaconsiderableimprovementovertheonlyother

manualofinstructione_istingatthetime,ElementsofGraphicArt,by

ArchibaldRoberson,publishedin__andbythe_50slongoutofprint.

In_66theNationalAcademyofDesignwashosttoane_hibitionof

watercolorpaintinginitselaborateneo-VenetianGothicbuildingon

Twenty-ThirdStreetinNewYorkCity.Thee_hibitwassponsoredbyan

independentgroupcalledTheArtistsFundSociety.Withinafewmonthsofthis

event,forty-twoprominentartistslivinginandnearNewYorkCityfoundedThe

AmericanSocietyofPaintersinWaterColors.

1.Thispassageismainlyabout

（A）themostinfluentialwatercolorpaintersinthemid-_00s

（B）effortstoorganizewatercolorpaintersinNewYorkCityduringthe

mid-_00s

（C）afamouse_hibitionofwatercolorpaintingsinNewYorkCityinthe

（D）stylesofwatercolorpaintinginNewYorkCityduringthe

2.Theyear_50wassignificantinthehistoryofwatercolorpainting

mainlybecause

（A）agroupofartistsestablishedawatercolorpaintingsociety

（B）watercolorpaintingwasfirstintroducedtoNewYorkCity

（C）JohnFalconerestablishedhisstudioforwatercolorpainters

（D）Thefirstbookonwatercolorpaintingwaspublished

3.Thewordsecuringinline5isclosestinmeaningto

（A）locking

（B）creating

（C）constructing

（D）acquiring

4.AllofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheSocietyforthepromotion

ofPaintingin

WatercolorE_CEPT:

（A）Thesocietye_hibitedpaintingsinlowerManhattan.

（B）Instructioninwatercolorpaintingwasofferedbymembersofthe

society

（C）Thesocietye_hibitedonlythepaintingsofitsmembers.

（D）ScenesoftheHudsonRiverappearedoftenintheworkofsociety

members.

5.Thee_hibitionattheCrystalPalaceoftheworksoftheSocietyforthe

PromotionofPaintingin

Watercolorwassignificantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

（A）Itresultedinadramaticincreaseinthepopularityofpaintingwith

watercolor.

（B）Itwasthefirsttimeane_hibitionwasfundedbyaprivatesource.

（C）Itwasthefirstimportante_hibitionofthesocietyswork.

（D）Itresultedinalargeincreaseinthemembershipofthesociety.

6.Theworditinline_refersto

（A）time

（B）group

（C）building

（D）studio

7.WhichofthefollowingistrueofwatercolorpaintersinNewYorkCity

inthelate_50s?

（A）Theyincreasedinnumberdespitealackofformalorganization.

（B）Theywereunabletoe_hibittheirpaintingsbecauseofthelackof

e_hibitionspace.

（C）TheArtistsFundSocietyhelpedthemtoformTheAmericanSocietyof

PaintersinWater

Colors.

（D）Theyformedanewsocietybecausetheywerenotallowedtojoingroups

runbyotherkinds

ofartists.

8.HenryWarrensPaintinginWaterColorwasimportanttoartistsbecause

it

（A）receivedanimportantreward

（B）wastheonlyte_tbookpublishedthattaughtpainting

（C）wasmuchbetterthananearlierpublishedfundamentalof

instruction

（D）attractedtheinterestofartcollectors

9.Thewordconsiderableinline_isclosestinmeaningto

（A）sensitive

（B）great

（C）thoughtful

（D）planned

10.Theyear_66wassignificantforwatercolorpaintingforwhichofthe

followingreasons?

（A）ElementsofGraphicArtwas