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1、earthquakes. However, many of these glaciers e_ist in the same area as normal glaciers, often almost side by side. Some 800 years ago, Alaska s Hubbard Glacier advanced toward the sea, retreated, and advanced again 500 years later. Since _95, this seventy-mile-long river of ice has been flowing stea

2、dily toward the Gulf of Alaska at a rate of appro_imately 200 feet per year. In June _86, however, the glacier surged ahead as much as 47 feet a day. Meanwhile, a western tributary, called Valerie Glacier, advanced up to _2 feet a day. Hubbard s surge closed off Russell Fiord with a formidable ice d

3、am, some 2,500 feet wide and up to 800 feet high, whose caged waters threatened the town of Yakutat to the south. About 20 similar glaciers around the Gulf of Alaska are heading toward the sea. If enough surge glaciers reach the ocean and raise sea levels, west Antarctic ice shelves could rise off t

4、he seafloor and become adrift. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The additional sea ice flo

5、ating toward the tropics would increase Earth s albedo and lower global temperatures, perhaps enough to initiate a new ice age. This situation appears to have occurred at the end of the last warm interglacial （the time between glacations）, called the Sangamon, when sea ice cooled the ocean dramatica

6、lly, spawning the beginning of the Ice Age. 1. What is the main topic of the passage ? （A） The classification of different types of surge glaciers （B） The causes and consequences of surge glaciers （C） The definition of a surge glacier （D） The history of a particular surge glacier 2. The word interva

7、ls in line 2 is closest in meaning to （A） records （B） speeds （C） distances （D） periods 3. The author compares the surging motion of a surge glacier to the movement of a （A） fish （B） wave （C） machine （D） boat 4. Which of the following does the author mention as a possible cause of surging glaciers? （

8、A） The decline in sea levels （B） The occurrence of unusually large ocean waves （C） The shifting Antarctic ice shelves （D） The pressure of meltwater underneath the glacier 5. The word freeing in line 7 is closest in meaning to （A） pushing （B） releasing （C） strengthening （D） draining 6. According to t

9、he passage , the Hubbard Glacier （A） moves more often than the Valerie Glacier （B） began movement toward the sea in _95 （C） is 800 feet wide （D） has moved as fast as 47 feet per day 7. Yakutat is the name of （A） an Alaskan town （B） the last ice age （C） a surge glacier （D） an Antarctic ice shelf 8. T

10、he word plunge in line _ is closest in meaning to （A） drop （B） e_tend （C） melt （D） drift 9. The term vicious cycle in line 24 refers to the （A） movement pattern of surge glaciers （B） effect surge glaciers could have on the temperature of tropical areas （C） effect that repeated rising sea levels migh

11、t have on glacial ice （D） constant threat surge glaciers could pose to the Gulf of Alaska 10. The author provides a definition for which of the following terms? （A） tributary （line _） （B） ice dam （line _） （C） albedo （line 25） （D） interglacial（line 26） _. Which of the following statements is supporte

12、d by the passage ? （A） The movement of surge glaciers can be prevented. （B） The ne_t ice age could be caused by surge glaciers. （C） Surge glaciers help to support Antarctic ice shelves. （D） Normal glaciers have little effect on Earth s climate. PASSAGE 38 BDBDB DAACD B The year _50 may be considered

13、 the beginning of a new epoch in America art, with respect to the development of watercolor painting. In December of that year, a group of thirty artists gathered in the studio of John Falconer in New York City and drafted both a constitution and bylaws, establishing The Society for the Promotion of

14、 Painting in Water Color. In addition to securing an e_hibition space in the Library Society building in lower Manhattan, the society founded a small school for the instruction of watercolor painting. Periodic e_hibitions of the members paintings also included works by noted English artists of the d

15、ay, borrowed from embryonic private collections in the city. The society s activities also included organized sketching e_cursions along the Hudson River. Its major public e_posure came in _53, when the society presented works by its members in the Industry of All Nations section of the Crystal Pala

16、ce E_position in New York. The society did not prosper, however, and by the time of its annual meeting in _54 membership had fallen to twenty-one. The group gave up its quarters in the Library Society building and returned to Falconer s studio, where it broke up amid dissension. No further attempt t

17、o formally organize the growing numbers of watercolor painters in New York City was made for more than a decade. During that decade, though, Henry Warren s Painting in Water Color was published in New York City in _56 the book was a considerable improvement over the only other manual of instruction

18、e_isting at the time, Elements of Graphic Art, by Archibald Roberson, published in _ and by the _50 s long out of print. In _66 the National Academy of Design was host to an e_hibition of watercolor painting in its elaborate neo-Venetian Gothic building on Twenty-Third Street in New York City. The e

19、_hibit was sponsored by an independent group called The Artists Fund Society. Within a few months of this event, forty-two prominent artists living in and near New York City founded The American Society of Painters in Water Colors. 1. This passage is mainly about （A） the most influential watercolor

20、painters in the mid-_00 s （B） efforts to organize watercolor painters in New York City during the mid-_00 s （C） a famous e_hibition of watercolor paintings in New York City in the （D） styles of watercolor painting in New York City during the 2. The year _50 was significant in the history of watercol

21、or painting mainly because （A） a group of artists established a watercolor painting society （B） watercolor painting was first introduced to New York City （C） John Falconer established his studio for watercolor painters （D） The first book on watercolor painting was published 3. The word securing in l

22、ine 5 is closest in meaning to （A） locking （B） creating （C） constructing （D） acquiring 4. All of the following can be inferred about the Society for the promotion of Painting in Watercolor E_CEPT: （A） The society e_hibited paintings in lower Manhattan. （B） Instruction in watercolor painting was offe

23、red by members of the society （C） The society e_hibited only the paintings of its members. （D） Scenes of the Hudson River appeared often in the work of society members. 5. The e_hibition at the Crystal Palace of the works of the Society for the Promotion of Painting in Watercolor was significant for

24、 which of the following reasons? （A） It resulted in a dramatic increase in the popularity of painting with watercolor. （B） It was the first time an e_hibition was funded by a private source. （C） It was the first important e_hibition of the society s work. （D） It resulted in a large increase in the m

25、embership of the society. 6. The word it in line _ refers to （A） time （B） group （C） building （D） studio 7. Which of the following is true of watercolor painters in New York City in the late _50 s? （A） They increased in number despite a lack of formal organization. （B） They were unable to e_hibit the

26、ir paintings because of the lack of e_hibition space. （C） The Artists Fund Society helped them to form The American Society of Painters in Water Colors. （D） They formed a new society because they were not allowed to join groups run by other kinds of artists. 8. Henry Warren s Painting in Water Color

27、 was important to artists because it （A） received an important reward （B） was the only te_tbook published that taught painting （C） was much better than an earlier published fundamental of instruction （D） attracted the interest of art collectors 9. The word considerable in line _ is closest in meaning to （A） sensitive （B） great （C） thoughtful （D） planned 10. The year _66 was significant for watercolor painting for which of the following reasons? （A） Elements of Graphic Art was