英语语用学论文Word格式文档下载.docx

英语语用学论文Word格式文档下载.docx

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Inactualconversation,aparticipantmaydeliberatelyfloutCPmaximsforsomereasonorspecialneed.Asanimportantcategoryofnon-observanceoftheconversationalmaxims,afloutisdistinguishedbydeliberatelytriggeringthehearer'

ssearchforanimplicature.Thespeakeremploysthiswayseeminglyagainstthecooperativeprincipletoreinforcethecommunicativeeffect.Inthiswaythespeakercanmakehisconversationhumorousandthusproducetheeffectofhumor.Infact,floutingoftheCPisoftenseeninChinesesitcoms.Ofcourse,sitcomwritersalsodeliberatelyflouttheprincipleinordertoachievehumorouseffects.

2.1FloutingtheQuantityMaxim

Whenaspeakeroffersmoreorlessinformationthanisrequiredbythesituationwiththeintentionofgeneratinganimplicature,hefloutsthemaximofquantity.Lookatthefollowingexample:

（1（InEpisode093,LiuXinggoestoInternetcafé

andLiuMeikeepsaskingwhathedidthere.

Xing:

You'

dbetternotinterferewithmybusinessfromnowon!

（以后我的事情你少管.

Mei:

Whatdidyousay?

Idon'

tinterferewithyourbusiness?

Whydidn'

tyousayitwhenIbreast-fedyou?

tyousayitwhenyouweresick?

tyousayitwhenyoufelltotheground?

Whydidn'

tyousayitwhenyoucouldn'

twalk?

Youdon'

twantmetointerferewithyounow,becauseyouaregrownupandcandowhateveryouwant?

（你说什么呢?

再说一遍!

我少管?

你小时候喝奶的时候怎么不说?

小时候生病的时候怎么不说呀?

摔跟头时候怎么不说呀?

学会走路时候怎么不说?

这时候让我少管。

你翅膀硬了,自个会飞了?

Inthisepisode,themotherisveryangryaboutwhatLiuXingdidandsaid;

sheissoangrythatshecan’thelptalkingexcessivelyaboutthematter,whichsoundshumorous.Thisobviouslyviolatesthesecondsub-maximofquantity:

Donotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.

（2Let'

stakeanotherepisodeasanexample:

Daddidn'

tgethomeontime,LiuMeiaskXiaoYutocallhiscellphone,aftermadethephonecall

Whoansweredthephone?

（谁接的电话?

Yu:

Awoman.（一个女的。

What?

Whatdidshesay?

（嗯?

说什么?

Nonsense!

Ofcoursethisisyourhome.Hereareyourdadandmum.DoyouknowwhythemosquitoesonlybiteyouinsteadofLiuXing?

（别胡说,这就是你的家啊。

你看爸爸妈妈不都在呢?

你知道为什么蚊子只咬你不咬刘星吗?

Why?

BecauseyourbloodissweetwhileLiuXing'

sisstinking.

（因为你的血是甜的,刘星的血是臭的.

Whenaspeakersayssomethingthatisfalseorforwhichhelacksadequateevidence,hefloutsthemaximofquality.Inthisconversation,itisobviousthatthemothertellsalieto

XiaoYu.Asamotherandanadult,sheknowsthereasonwell.InordertohoaxXiaoYuandmakehimfeelgood,shedeliberatelysayssomethingwhichisobviouslyfalse.Inthisway,LiuMeidoesn'

tobservethefirstsub-maximofquality:

Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse.Butitisjustherdeliberatefloutingofthemaximthatmakesherson（XiaoYufeelbetterandatthesametimegeneratesahumorouseffect.

2.3FloutingtheMannerMaxim

"

Avoidingobscurity"

meanswhatyousaymustbeeasilyorclearlyunderstood."

Avoidingambiguity"

meansthereshouldbenoexistenceofmorethanonemeaninginwhatyousay."

Beingbrief"

and"

beingorderly"

meanwhatyousayshouldbeconciseandwellarranged.Themaximofmannerisfloutedbyspeakingredundantly,disorderlyorunclearly.Onthisoccasionthespeakerseemsveryuncooperative,butactuallyheintendstoproduceanimplicaturetobededucedbythehearer.Inverbalcommunication,peopleoftenmisunderstandtheambiguousexpressions,thusresultinginahumorouseffect.ThefollowingdialoguebetweenLiuMeiandhersonLiuXingisacaseinpoint.

Whydoesn'

tthegorillaevolve?

（猩猩为什麽不进化啊?

Givemeareasonforitsevolution.（给我一个进化的理由。

Mei:

Whydoesn'

tittalk?

（它为什麽不说话啊?

Whatdoyouwantmetosay?

（您让我说什麽呀?

Itliesinitsdefectinlistening.（在于听力的缺陷。

Myearsarequitegood.（我耳朵挺好哒!

Goaway.Don'

tbotherme!

（去!

别在这儿捣乱。

Aren'

tyoutalkingaboutme?

（您不是说我呢吗?

Iamtalkingaboutthegorilla.（我这儿说大猩猩呢。

Thepronunciationofgorilla（xingxinginChineselanguageisthesamewithLiuXing'

snickname.LiuMeiistalkingsomethingaboutthegorilla,butLiuXingmisunderstandsthemeaningofxingxing.Obviously,thismisunderstandingcomesfromthetwopossibilitiestointerpretthesoundxingxing（"

猩猩"

and"

星星"

.Theambiguoususeoftheword（sound,whichviolatesthemaximofmanner,isthereasonofhumorproductionhere.

2.4FloutingtheRelationMaxim

Themaximofrelationtellsustomakeourcontributionsrelevant.Thedemandforrelevancesimplymeansthatthespeakershouldonlyconveyinformationthatisrelevanttothetopicbeingcommunicated.Ifonepartywantstoavoidthetopicunderdiscussionandstartsanotherseeminglyrelevanttopic,hewillfloutthemaximofrelevance.Andthis

seeminglyrelevantansweroftenmakesanotherpartyfeelfunny.Themaximofrelationisfloutedwhenaresponseiscompletelyirrelevanttothesubjectorthegoaloftheconversation.Lookatthefollowingexample:

（1（AfterXiaDonghaicomesbackfromtheparents'

meetingheldinLiuXing'

sschool,hehasadialoguewithLiuMei.

AreyouOK?

Theremustbehugegapinyourmindnow.Doyouhavethethoughttofindawaytoescape?

（没受刺激吧,就你这种给小雪那种好学生开过家长会的你肯定心理有巨大的落差,想找个地缝转进去…

DongHai:

Themeetingisquitewell.（开的还算比较圆满。

WhatdidtheteachertellyouaboutLiuXing?

（老师都给刘星告什么状了?

（Thegrandmacoughs,indicatingXiaDonghainottotellthetruth

Err,Itakesomemedicineforgrandma.（啊,我给姥姥去拿点药去。

Mei:

Quickly,whatdidtheteachertellyou?

（你快说啊,老师都说刘星什么了?

DongHai:

Well,hesaid…nothing.（他说啊,没什么。

Inthisepisode,aftertheparents'

meeting,fromourbasicunderstandingaboutLiuXingandXiaDonghai'

sfacialexpressions,weknowthatLiuXingmusthavedonesomethingwronginschool.IfXiaDonghaitoldthetruthtoLiuMei,shemustpunishherson.SoXiaDonghaiintendsnottotellhiswifethetruthandavoidsansweringherinquiry.Hisanswerisapparentlyirrelevanttohiswife'

squestion.Inthislightatmosphere,hehascreatedhumorbyfloutingtherelevancemaxim.

slookatanotherdialogue.

Xin:

Didyouknow,todaytheteacherfoundagenius,that'

sme.

（大家知道吗啊,今天老师发现一天才,这天才就是我。

Ha-ha,thispeachisreallysweet.

（呵呵,这桃真甜。

Xin:

thereareseveralkindsofgenius,notjusttheonewhomakesthehighscore,dad,isthatright?

（这天才分好多种,不光是得高分的,对吧老爸?

ThispeachletmerememberedoftheginsengfruitintheJourneytotheWest.（这桃子让人想起西游记里那人参果。

Ah,you'

dlistentome.TeacherlosthercarkeytodayandIfoundit.

（哎呀,你们倒是听我说啊。

今天老师车钥匙丢了,是我给找着的。

ItseemsthatShaSengalsolovetoeat.

（好像沙僧也爱吃。

GuesswheredidIfindit?

Inthecar'

slock.Sheforgottopullitdown.（你们猜我从哪找出来的，从车锁上找着的。

忘了拔下来啦。

Actually,TangMonkisalsolovetoeat,heiscleveranddon'

twanttosay.（其实啊，唐僧也特爱吃，他就是贼，不爱说出来。

Xin:

Whileothersdidnotthinkofit,whichsuggestedthatIwasagenius,really,justalittletraining,