高一英语阅读训练Word格式.docx
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2.演绎法,即从一般原理出发,对个别事物进行说明、分析后得出结论。
3.比较对照法,即对所有事实、方面进行对照,找出异同之处,然后加以分析,得出结论。
4.驳论法,即先列出错误的观点,然后加以逐条批驳,反证自己观点的正确性。
英语议论文在表达上多使用有辩论、推理等含义的连接词和过渡词等的结构,如since,nowthat(既然),therefore(因而),consequently(因此),accordingly(因此),hence(因而),inthatcase(在那种情况下)。
还有些常用句型比如Itfollowsthat…(因而……),If…,wemayconcludethat…(如果……,我们可以这样下结论……),Itistruethat…,but…(诚然……,但是……),Evenif…(即使……)等。
同学们在阅读的时候可以通过寻找关键词语表达来快速搜索需要的信息。
议论文的设题类型及解答:
议论文常见的设题方式有:
主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、作者观点态度题等。
主旨大意题主要考察读者对议论文全篇思想内容的理解;
细节理解题虽然可以通过直接的查找的方法找出答案,但要注意选项中与文章的细微差别,避免扩大、缩小或误读作者的本意;
推理判断题和作者观点态度题的解答一般是建立在对议论文中心立场的基本把握上,在此基础上推断出作者的“言外之意”和未言明的思想内涵。
这些题型的题干表达方式主要有:
▲主旨大意题
(1)Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe______.
(2)Themainideaofthepassageis_______.
▲细节理解题
(1)Accordingtothepassage,theauthormentions_______.
(2)WhichofthefollowingdoestheauthorNOTdiscuss?
▲推理判断题
(1)Thispassageisparticularlywrittenfor______.
(2)Theauthoristryingtotellus______.
▲作者观点态度题
(1)Theauthor'
sattitudetoward***is_______.
(2)Whentheauthorsays***,hereallymeans______.
下面,我们就结合高一年级各个版本教材中的具体篇章,学习如何阅读议论文。
例1:
Everyyear,approximately1.6billiontonsofsoilflowsintotheYellowRiver,China'
ssecondlongestriver.Thesoilcontainsmaterialstokeepthenaturalbalanceofthearea.Overtime,alotofsoilhasbeenremoved,whichhascausedseriouserosionofthelandalongtheRiver.InsomeareasinShanxiProvince,thishasdestroyedalmostalltheland,andhasforcedmanylocalfarmerstomovetootherareas.
ItisahugejobtocontrolYellowRivererosion.Manypeoplebelievethiskindofworkisbestdonebygovernmentorinternationalorganizations.Youmayagreewiththispointofview.Ifso,itistimeforyoutothinkagain.
Infact,itisyouwhohavethemostimportantroletoplayinstoppingYellowRivererosion.Didyouknowtheimportanceofyour5yuan?
Forastart,itcanbuyyouatree,whichwillhelpmakesoilstayontheland.Onlandwithrichsoil,localfarmerscangrowcropstomakealiving.Withthemoneytheyearnfromtheircrops,farmersbuygoodsorservices.Thishelpstodeveloplocaleconomies.
Stillpuzzledhowyour5yuancanhavesomucheffect?
Well,justtakealookatthefactbelow.Since1997,atree-plantingprogrammehaschangedtheJiuchengongValleyinInnerMongoliaintoagreenhomeland.Visitorsfromallovertheworldnowcometoadmirethisgreatachievement.Whatismore,thesuccessoftheprogrammehasgreatlyimprovedthelivesofthelocalpeople.Justthink,allthisstartedwith5yuan!
Sowhenyouhave5yuaninyourpocketnexttime,thinktwiceabouthowtousethemoney.Rememberyoucanuseittobuyatreeandcreateagreenfutureforourmotherland,ourpeopleandyourself.
(选自北京师范大学出版社《普通高中课程标准实验教科书·
英语4》---Unit10)
◆Thepassagemainlytellsus_______.
A.alotofsoilhasflowedintotheYellowRiver
B.everyoneshouldtakeactiontohelpmakesoilstay
C.it'
sthegovernment'
sworktocontrolYellowRivererosion
D.5yuanhelpedJiuchengongValleychangeintoagreenhomeland
解析:
该题目考查同学们对文章主要思想内容的把握,是一道主旨大意题。
从第一段的几个关键词"
soil"
"
removed"
erosion"
可以看出文章的话题是有关黄河水土流失的,但这并非是文章的主要内容。
从第二段"
Manypeoplebelievethiskindofworkisbestdone...Ifso,itistimeforyoutothinkagain."
可以看出作者对于防止水土流失提出了个人见解--不仅仅是政府和国际组织的职责,每个人都可以为保持水土尽自己一份力,并且在下文对该观点进行了充足的论证,同时也表明C选项错误。
D选项是作者援引用以论证观点的例证,也非文章主旨。
因此,B项正确。
◆Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
A.Thesoilcankeepthenaturalbalance.
B.Farmerscanmakealivingwith5yuan.
C.AlotofworkisrequiredtocontrolYellowRivererosion.
D.Thetree-plantingprogrammeissuccessfulinsomeareas.
这是一道细节理解题。
题目问根据文章内容,哪个选项不正确的。
从文章第一段"
Thesoilcontainsmaterialstokeepthenaturalbalanceofthearea."
可知选项A正确。
选项B来自于第三段。
该段说用5元钱可以买一棵树,这棵树可以帮助保持水土,使得农民能种庄稼维持生计。
而选项B所说的农民用5元钱便可维持生计,则有断章取义之嫌。
C选项来源于第一段首句,D选项来源于最后一段,内蒙古的九成宫村就是成功的范例。
因此B为正确选项。
例2:
Becauseoftheadvertisingboom,peopleareusedtoseeinghighstandardsofvisualdesign.Modernadvertisementsmuststandoutinaworldfullofcompetitionbycombiningthehigheststandardsofdesignwithideaslinkedtotheproductstomakethemmoreattractive.Forexample,someadvertisementsmaysuggestthatbuyingacarcanmakeyoufree.Thatis,theyusetheconceptoffreedomtosellthecar.Othercommonideasincludehappiness,wealthandsuccess.Infact,intheworldofadvertisements,suchcontentisasoldasadvertisingitself.
英语4》---Unit11)
◆Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.
A.aslongasyouownacar,youownfreedom
B.oldconceptsofaproductionarebetterthannewones
C.ideaslinkedtotheproductsdeterminethesuccessofanad
D.anadwithhighstandsofvisualdesignandlinkingideasissuccessful
题目问从篇章中能推出以下哪个结论。
文中"
Forexample"
一句说“汽车能使人变得更加自由”,是指汽车给人们出行带来的便利,选项A将这个概念模糊化为“拥有汽车就拥有自由”显然没有理解原文的真正含义。
最后一句话中提到了汽车广告中通常使用的“概念”,但并没有说这些旧的概念就一定比新概念要更有优势,B项不正确。
C项说产品相关概念决定了广告的成败则与文中“Modernadvertisementsmuststandout…bycombining…with…”的表述不符,现代广告要想在竞争中取胜必须把广告设计与产品概念相结合,同时具备这两个因素的广告策划则一定能取得成功,D项正确。
例3:
Becausewehavesomuchtochoosefrom,manycompaniesandstoresofferadviceaboutwhatweshouldeat.Books,magazinesandtelevisionshowstellusaboutfoodandpillsweshouldbuytobecomesmarter,healthierandmorebeautiful.Itisprobablybetter,however,ifwespendourtimeandmoneyinbuyinggoodfoodandkeepingabalanceddiet.Ifweeathealthyfoodintherightamounts,wedonothavetobuyanysupplements.Thesamegoesfor"
crashdiets"
thatsomecompaniessaywillmakeusloseweightfast.Insteadofeatingexpensivedietfoodorgoingonunhealthydiets,wecansimplytrytoeatlessfatandsugarandexercisemore.
(选自人民教育出版社《全日制普通高级中学教科书(必修)--英语第一册(下)》Unit13)
◆Whatistheauthor'
sattitudetowardstheadviceofferedbyvariousmedia?
A.UninterestedB.NegativeC.ObjectiveD.Unmentioned
这是一道观点态度题,题目问作者对于各类媒体提出的意见的看法。
通过"
Itisprobablybetter,however,ifwe…,wedonothavetobuyanysupplements."
和最后一句话"
Insteadofeatingexpensivedietfood…andexercisemore."
我们可以得知,如果我们购买优质的食物、均衡饮食或者少吃脂肪、糖,多锻炼,就不必购买营养品。
可见,作者对于媒体的促销式宣传是持否定态度的,故选B。
TheEnvironment
SectionA
Doyouknowthatyouareresponsiblefortheenvironment?
Youmightnotknowthatallthosecolorfulfireworksusedtocelebratespecialoccasions1maycauseseriousenvironmentaldanger.Sowhenyouwanttobuysomefireworksorevenattendafireworksdisplay,askyourselfthatwhethertheentertainmentisreallyworthpollutingtheenvironment.Fireworkspolluteordamageourplanetinvariousways.
AirPollution:
Thesmokefromfireworksmainlyconsistsof2poisonousdusts,heavymetalsandotherpoisonouschemicalsorgases.Inaddition,theglobalwarmingisincreasinglytakenourattentionatpresent,whichgetsworsebyfireworks.Weneedtoworryaboutthegreenhousegasesthatfireworksproduce,includingcarbondioxideandozone3.
Rubbish:
Besidestheairpollution,thereisrubbishcausedbythefireworks.Thistrashonthegroundisanuisance,requiringextratimeandmoneytoclean.Thegovernmenthasalreadybeenstrugglingwithrubbishfromourdailylife,butfireworksonlyaddtotheproblem.
NoisePollution:
Fireworkscanbeloud.Inthemiddleofthenight,fireworksoftendisturbpeoplewhiletheyaresleeping.Noiseproducedbyfireworksat85decibels4orabovecandamagehearing.Somepeoplealsoarguethenoisefromfireworksfrightensbabiesandpets.
Notes:
1.occasionn.场合2.consistofv.由...组成
3.ozonen.]臭氧4.decibeln.分贝
Readthepassageandchoosethebestanswertothequestion.
()1.What'
sthemainideaofParagraphOne?
A.Fireworksshouldbeforbiddeninalldays.
B.Everyoneshouldberesponsiblefortheenvironment.
C.Peopleareallowedtosetofffireworksinspecialdays.
DSettingofffireworksmaygreatlypollutetheenvironment.
()2.Theglobalwarminginthispassageistotellus_______.
A.peopleshoulddosomethingtopreventit
B.fireworksmaketheenvironmentalproblemworse
C.fireworksarethemaincauseoftheglobalwarming
D.theenvironmentalproblemisgettingworseandworse
()3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
A.Fireworkscanpollutetheenvironmentinmanyways.
B.Carbondioxideandozoneisproducedbyfireworks.
C.Noiseproducedbyfireworkscandamageourhearing.
D.Trashcausedbyfireworksisthemainsourceofrubbish.
()4.Theunderlinedword"
nuisance"
probablyrefersto_____.
A.akindofpollutionB.somethingharmful
C.aseriousproblemD.somethingdisliked
SectionB
EUtobeginphasingoutstandardlightbulbs
TheEuropeanUnion(EU欧盟)willstartmakingthechangefromtraditionalbulbstomoreenergyefficientones.SeveralnationsincludingAustralia,NewZealand,CanadaandthePhilippineshavealreadyannouncedtheywillphaseout1thesetraditionalbulbsaswell.In2007,PresidentGeorgeW.BushsignedabillthatcalledforthetraditionalbulbstobephasedoutintheU.S.from2012.
ThenewEuropeanUnionrulesfollowanagreementreachedbythe27EUgovernmentslastyeartophaseoutthetraditionallightbulboverthreeyears.ItistohelpEuropeancountrieslowergreenhousegasemissions2andcontrolclimatechange,theEUspokesmans