高一英语阅读训练Word格式.docx

1、 2. 演绎法，即从一般原理出发，对个别事物进行说明、分析后得出结论。 3. 比较对照法，即对所有事实、方面进行对照，找出异同之处，然后加以分析，得出结论。 4. 驳论法，即先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，反证自己观点的正确性。 英语议论文在表达上多使用有辩论、推理等含义的连接词和过渡词等的结构，如since, now that（既然），therefore（因而），consequently（因此），accordingly（因此），hence（因而），in that case（在那种情况下）。还有些常用句型比如It follows that（因而），If,we may conclude th

2、at（如果,我们可以这样下结论），It is true that，but（诚然,但是），Even if（即使）等。同学们在阅读的时候可以通过寻找关键词语表达来快速搜索需要的信息。 议论文的设题类型及解答： 议论文常见的设题方式有：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、作者观点态度题等。主旨大意题主要考察读者对议论文全篇思想内容的理解；细节理解题虽然可以通过直接的查找的方法找出答案，但要注意选项中与文章的细微差别，避免扩大、缩小或误读作者的本意；推理判断题和作者观点态度题的解答一般是建立在对议论文中心立场的基本把握上，在此基础上推断出作者的“言外之意”和未言明的思想内涵。这些题型的题干表达方式主要

3、有： 主旨大意题 （1） The best title of the passage should be _. （2） The main idea of the passage is _. 细节理解题 （1） According to the passage, the author mentions _. （2） Which of the following does the author NOT discuss? 推理判断题 （1） This passage is particularly written for _. （2） The author is trying to tell us

4、_. 作者观点态度题 （1） The authors attitude toward * is _. （2） When the author says *, he really means _. 下面，我们就结合高一年级各个版本教材中的具体篇章，学习如何阅读议论文。 例1： Every year, approximately 1.6 billion tons of soil flows into the Yellow River, Chinas second longest river. The soil contains materials to keep the natural balan

5、ce of the area. Over time, a lot of soil has been removed, which has caused serious erosion of the land along the River. In some areas in Shanxi Province, this has destroyed almost all the land, and has forced many local farmers to move to other areas. It is a huge job to control Yellow River erosio

6、n. Many people believe this kind of work is best done by government or international organizations. You may agree with this point of view. If so, it is time for you to think again. In fact, it is you who have the most important role to play in stopping Yellow River erosion. Did you know the importan

7、ce of your 5 yuan? For a start, it can buy you a tree, which will help make soil stay on the land. On land with rich soil, local farmers can grow crops to make a living. With the money they earn from their crops, farmers buy goods or services. This helps to develop local economies. Still puzzled how

8、 your 5 yuan can have so much effect? Well, just take a look at the fact below. Since 1997, a tree-planting programme has changed the Jiuchengong Valley in Inner Mongolia into a green homeland. Visitors from all over the world now come to admire this great achievement. What is more, the success of t

9、he programme has greatly improved the lives of the local people. Just think, all this started with 5yuan! So when you have 5yuan in your pocket next time, think twice about how to use the money. Remember you can use it to buy a tree and create a green future for our motherland, our people and yourse

10、lf. （选自北京师范大学出版社普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语4- Unit 10） The passage mainly tells us _. A. a lot of soil has flowed into the Yellow River B. everyone should take action to help make soil stay C. its the governments work to control Yellow River erosion D. 5 yuan helped Jiuchengong Valley change into a green home l

11、and 解析：该题目考查同学们对文章主要思想内容的把握，是一道主旨大意题。从第一段的几个关键词soilremovederosion可以看出文章的话题是有关黄河水土流失的，但这并非是文章的主要内容。从第二段Many people believe this kind of work is best done . If so, it is time for you to think again.可以看出作者对于防止水土流失提出了个人见解-不仅仅是政府和国际组织的职责，每个人都可以为保持水土尽自己一份力，并且在下文对该观点进行了充足的论证，同时也表明C选项错误。D选项是作者援引用以论证观点的例证，也非

12、文章主旨。因此，B项正确。 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? A. The soil can keep the natural balance. B. Farmers can make a living with 5yuan. C. A lot of work is required to control Yellow River erosion. D. The tree-planting programme is successful in some areas. 这是一道细节理解

13、题。题目问根据文章内容，哪个选项不正确的。从文章第一段The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area.可知选项A正确。选项B来自于第三段。该段说用5元钱可以买一棵树，这棵树可以帮助保持水土，使得农民能种庄稼维持生计。而选项B所说的农民用5元钱便可维持生计，则有断章取义之嫌。C选项来源于第一段首句，D选项来源于最后一段，内蒙古的九成宫村就是成功的范例。因此B为正确选项。 例2： Because of the advertising boom, people are used to seeing high st

14、andards of visual design. Modern advertisements must stand out in a world full of competition by combining the highest standards of design with ideas linked to the products to make them more attractive. For example, some advertisements may suggest that buying a car can make you free. That is, they u

15、se the concept of freedom to sell the car. Other common ideas include happiness, wealth and success. In fact, in the world of advertisements, such content is as old as advertising itself.英语4- Unit 11） We can infer from the passage that _. A. as long as you own a car, you own freedom B. old concepts

16、of a production are better than new ones C. ideas linked to the products determine the success of an ad D. an ad with high stands of visual design and linking ideas is successful题目问从篇章中能推出以下哪个结论。文中For example一句说“汽车能使人变得更加自由”，是指汽车给人们出行带来的便利，选项A将这个概念模糊化为“拥有汽车就拥有自由”显然没有理解原文的真正含义。最后一句话中提到了汽车广告中通常使用的“概念”

17、，但并没有说这些旧的概念就一定比新概念要更有优势，B项不正确。C项说产品相关概念决定了广告的成败则与文中“Modern advertisements must stand outby combiningwith”的表述不符，现代广告要想在竞争中取胜必须把广告设计与产品概念相结合，同时具备这两个因素的广告策划则一定能取得成功，D项正确。 例3： Because we have so much to choose from, many companies and stores offer advice about what we should eat. Books, magazines and t

18、elevision shows tell us about food and pills we should buy to become smarter, healthier and more beautiful. It is probably better, however, if we spend our time and money in buying good food and keeping a balanced diet. If we eat healthy food in the right amounts, we do not have to buy any supplemen

19、ts. The same goes for crash diets that some companies say will make us lose weight fast. Instead of eating expensive diet food or going on unhealthy diets, we can simply try to eat less fat and sugar and exercise more.（选自人民教育出版社全日制普通高级中学教科书（必修）-英语 第一册（下）Unit 13） What is the authors attitude towards

20、the advice offered by various media? A. Uninterested B. Negative C. Objective D. Unmentioned这是一道观点态度题，题目问作者对于各类媒体提出的意见的看法。通过It is probably better, however, if we, we do not have to buy any supplements.和最后一句话Instead of eating expensive diet food and exercise more.我们可以得知，如果我们购买优质的食物、均衡饮食或者少吃脂肪、糖，多锻炼，就

21、不必购买营养品。可见，作者对于媒体的促销式宣传是持否定态度的，故选B。The EnvironmentSection A Do you know that you are responsible for the environment? You might not know that all those colorful fireworks used to celebrate special occasions1 may cause serious environmental danger. So when you want to buy some fireworks or even atten

22、d a fireworks display, ask yourself that whether the entertainment is really worth polluting the environment. Fireworks pollute or damage our planet in various ways. Air Pollution: The smoke from fireworks mainly consists of2 poisonous dusts, heavy metals and other poisonous chemicals or gases. In a

23、ddition, the global warming is increasingly taken our attention at present, which gets worse by fireworks. We need to worry about the greenhouse gases that fireworks produce, including carbon dioxide and ozone3. Rubbish: Besides the air pollution, there is rubbish caused by the fireworks. This trash

24、 on the ground is a nuisance, requiring extra time and money to clean. The government has already been struggling with rubbish from our daily life, but fireworks only add to the problem. Noise Pollution: Fireworks can be loud. In the middle of the night, fireworks often disturb people while they are

25、 sleeping. Noise produced by fireworks at 85 decibels4 or above can damage hearing. Some people also argue the noise from fireworks frightens babies and pets. Notes:1.occasion n. 场合2.consist of v. 由.组成 3.ozone n. 臭氧4.decibel n. 分贝 Read the passage and choose the best answer to the question.（ ） 1.Wha

26、ts the main idea of Paragraph One? A. Fireworks should be forbidden in all days. B. Everyone should be responsible for the environment. C. People are allowed to set off fireworks in special days. D Setting off fireworks may greatly pollute the environment. （ ）2. The global warming in this passage is

27、 to tell us_. A. people should do something to prevent it B. fireworks make the environmental problem worse C. fireworks are the main cause of the global warming D. the environmental problem is getting worse and worse （ ）3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? A.

28、Fireworks can pollute the environment in many ways. B. Carbon dioxide and ozone is produced by fireworks. C. Noise produced by fireworks can damage our hearing. D. Trash caused by fireworks is the main source of rubbish. （ ）4. The underlined word nuisance probably refers to_. A. a kind of pollution

29、B. something harmful C. a serious problem D. something dislikedSection B EU to begin phasing out standard light bulbs The European Union（EU欧盟） will start making the change from traditional bulbs to more energy efficient ones. Several nations including Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the Philippin

30、es have already announced they will phase out1 these traditional bulbs as well. In 2007, President George W. Bush signed a bill that called for the traditional bulbs to be phased out in the U.S. from 2012. The new European Union rules follow an agreement reached by the 27 EU governments last year to phase out the traditional lightbulb over three years. It is to help European countries lower greenhouse gas emissions2 and control climate change, the EU spokesman s