雅思备考练习提升6 4Word格式文档下载.docx

雅思备考练习提升6 4Word格式文档下载.docx

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Thecluesarewrittenallovertheface.Becausethemusculatureofthefaceisdirectlyconnectedtotheareasofthebrainthatprocessemotion,thecountenancecanbeawindowtothesoul.Neurologicalstudiesevensuggestthatgenuineemotionstraveldifferentpathwaysthroughthebrainthaninsincereones.Ifapatientparalyzedbystrokeononesideoftheface,forexample,isaskedtosmiledeliberately,onlythemobilesideofthemouthisraised.Buttellthatsamepersonafunnyjoke,andthepatientbreaksintoafullandspontaneoussmile.Veryfewpeople—mostnotably,actorsandpoliticians—areabletoconsciouslycontrolalloftheirfacialexpressions.Liescanoftenbecaughtwhentheliar’struefeelingbrieflyleakthroughthemaskofdeception.“Wedon’tthinkbeforewefeel,”Ekmansays.“Expressionstendtoshowuponthefacebeforewe’reevenconsciousofexperiencinganemotion.’

Oneofthemostdifficultfacialexpressionstofake—orconceal,ifitisgenuinelyfelt—issadness.Whensomeoneistrulysad,theforeheadwrinkleswithgriefandtheinnercornersoftheeyebrowsarepulledup.Fewerthan15%ofthepeopleEkmantestedwereabletoproducethiseyebrowmovementvoluntarily.Bycontrast,theloweringoftheeyebrowsassociatedwithanangryscowlcanbereplicatedatwillbyalmosteverybody.“Ifsomeoneclaimstheyaresadandtheinnercornersoftheireyebrowsdon’goup,”Ekmansays,“thesadnessisprobablyfalse.”

Thesmile,ontheotherhand,isoneoftheeasiestfacialexpressionstocounterfeit.Ittakesjusttwomuscles-thezygomaticusmajormusclesthatextendfromthecheekbonestothecornersofthelips-toproduceagrin.Butthere’sacatch.Agenuinesmileaffectsnotonlythecornersofthelipsbutalsotheorbicularisoculi,themusclearoundtheeyethatproducesaroundtheeyethatproducesthedistinctive“crow’sfeet”associatedwithpeoplewholaughalot.Acounterfeitgrincanbeunmaskedifthelipcornersgoup,theeyescrinklebuttheinnercornersoftheeyebrowsarenotlowered,amovementcontrolledbytheorbicularisthatisdifficulttofake.Theabsenceofloweredeyebrowsisonereasonwhyfalsesmileslooksostrainedandstiff.

Question1-5

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?

Inboxes1-5onyouranswersheetwrite

YesIfthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

NoIfthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NotGivenIfthereisnoinformationonthis

1．Alllivinganimalscanlie

2．Somepeopletellliesforself-preservation

3．Scientistshaveusedcomputerstoanalyzewhichpartofbrainisresponsiblefortellinglies.

4．Lyingasasurvivalskillismoreimportantthandetectingalie.

5．Tobeagoodliaronehastounderstandotherpeople’semotions.

Question6-9

ChoosethecorrectletterA,B,CorD.

6.Howdoesthelie-detectorwork?

AItdetectswhetherone’semotionalstateisstable.

BItdetectsone’sbrainactivitylevel.

CItdetectsbodybehaviorduringone’sverbalresponse.DItanalyzesone’sverbalresponsewordbyword.

7Liedetectorscan’tbeusedasevidenceinacourtoflaw,because

ALightsoftencauseliedetectorstomalfunction.

Btheyarebasedontoomanyverbalandnon-verbalcues.

Cpolygraphtestsareofteninaccurate.

Dtheremaybemanycausesofacertainbodybehavior.

8Whydoestheauthormentiontheparalyzedpatients?

Atodemonstratehowaparalyzedpatientsmiles

BToshowtherelationbetweentrueemotionsandbodybehavior

CToexaminehowtheywereparalyzed

DToshowtheimportanceofhappinessfromrecovery

9Theauthorusespoliticianstoexemplifythattheycan

Ahaveemotions

Bimitateactors

Cdetectotherpeople’slies

DmasktheirtruefeelingsVeryfewpeople—mostnotably,actorsandpoliticians—areabletoconsciouslycontrolalloftheirfacialexpressions.

Question10-13

Classifythefollowingfacialtraitsasreferringto

Asadness

BAnger

CHappiness

WritethecorrectletterA,B,orCinboxes10-13onyouranswersheet.

10Innercornerofeyebrowsraised

11Thewholeeyebrowslowered

12Linesformedaroundeyes

13Linesformedaboveeyebrows

全文精析

段一：

Howmuchwemayabhorit,deceptioncomesnaturallytoalllivingthings.Birdsdoitbyfeigninginjurytoleadhungrypredatorsawayfromnestingyoung.Spidercrabsdoitbydisguise:

精析：

Howmuchwemayabhorit,deceptioncomesnaturallytoalllivingthings.Abhor:

憎恶，可以替换为hate；

deception是deceive的名词形式，表示欺骗；

howmuchwemayabhorit,这里可以翻译为“不管我们多么讨厌欺骗，”deceptioncomesnaturallytoalllivingthings，可以理解为itisnaturalforanyonetodeceive，每个人都自然地接受了欺骗

Birdsdoitbyfeigninginjurytoleadhungrypredatorsawayfromnestingyoung.Spidercrabsdoitbydisguise:

adorningthemselveswithstripsofkelpandotherdebris,theypretendtobesomethingtheyarenot-andsoescapetheirenemies.

Feigning:

假装，可以替换为fake；

predators：

捕食者，predate是其动词形式，pred=plunder掠夺，加上表示人物的后缀“or”就代表捕食者，对应的猎物是prey;

nestingyoung是正在孵育的幼崽，nest的名词是鸟巢的意思，动词是“筑巢”;

lead…awayfrom把。

。

从。

引开disguise表示“伪装”；

adorn可以替换为decorate，表示装饰;

adornoneselfwithsth,用sth装扮自己；

strip表示“条状物”,比如美国国旗starandstrip;

pretendtobesth假装为某事;

spidercrabsdoitbydisguise之后冒号的内容是解释前面的句子，解释具体怎么欺骗

Natureamplyrewardssuccessfuldeceiversbyallowingthemtosurvivelongenoughtomateandreproduce.

此句的主语是nature,谓语是reward,这里做动词，表示“奖励”这个动作，宾语successfuldeceivers，by后面是说具体的方式。

全句可以理解为：

自然会奖赏那些成功的欺骗者。

Amply表示充分的，是副词，形容词是ample；

deceiver表示“欺骗的人”,deceive指“欺骗”这个行为，后面就是表示人物的后缀“or”，表示实施欺骗这个行为的人。

例句：

Hehas 

deceived 

anddisillusionedus 

all他欺骗了我们，让我们失望至极

，survive生存，强调结果，尤其是通过比较大的努力，例句：

Somestrangecustomshavesurvivedfromearliertimes.有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来对的。

同时survive也可以做及物动词，表示“经过了。

的考验”，例句：

Thecompanymanagedtosurvivethecrisis.公司设法渡过了危机。

mate做动词时表示“交配”；

reproduce的前缀是“re”表示重复，produce是“生产”的意思，reproduce就是“再生产，繁衍”

Soitmaycomeasnosurprisetolearnthathumanbeings-who,accordingtopsychologistGeraldJellisonoftheUniversityofSouthCalifornia,areliedtoabout200timesaday,roughlyoneuntrutheveryfiveminutes-oftendeceiveforexactlythesamereasons:

accordingtopsychologistGeraldJellisonoftheUniversityofSouthCalifornia是插入语，表示“据某人说。

”;

itcomeasnosurprisetodosth.表示“。

就一点不用惊讶了”，psychologist心理学家，psychology心理学（词根psych心理，后缀logy学）；

roughly=about，aroun