初中英语 牛津上海版九年级上Unit6知识点及语法点Word格式文档下载.docx

初中英语 牛津上海版九年级上Unit6知识点及语法点Word格式文档下载.docx

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直接引语中的时态

间接引语中的时态

一般现在时

一般过去时

过去完成时

现在完成时

过去完成时（不变）

现在进行时

过去进行时

过去完成进行时或不变

现在完成进行时

过去完成进行时

　3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况

（1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候。

（2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候。

　　（3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：

　　Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”——>

Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.

　　（4）当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：

　　Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”——>

　　Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.

　　（5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时。

　　（6）当引语是谚语、格言时。

　　（7）当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时，如：

Thedoctorsaid,“You'

dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”——>

　　ThedoctorsaidI'

dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.

　　（8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改变。

如：

　　Teacher:

Youmayhavetheballgamethisafternoon.

　　Student:

Whatdidtheteachersay,Monitor?

　　Monitor:

Hesaidwemighthavetheballgamethisafternoon.

　　4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化

（1）时间状语：

直接引语

now

then

tomorrow

thenext/followingday

today

thatday

nextweek

thenext/followingweek

yesterday

thedaybefore

twodaysago

twodaysbefore

lastweek

theweekbefore

thisweek

thatweek

（2）指示代词：

these变成those

　　（3）地点状语：

here变成there

　　Shesaid,“Iwon'

tcomehereanymore.”——>

Shesaidthatshewouldn’tgothereanymore..

　　（4）动词：

come变成go，bring变成take

　　5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化

（1）陈述句。

用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。

主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat,如：

　　Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”——>

HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.

　　Hesaid,“I'

llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”——>

　　HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.（不可说toldthat）

　　此外主句中的谓语还常有：

　　repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等，又如：

　　Hesaid，“I'

mlatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.”——>

Heexplainedtousthathewaslatebecauseoft-heheavytraffic.

　　如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。

　　Thedoctorsaid,“Youarenotseriouslyill,Youwillbebettersoon.”——>

　　Thedoctorsaid（that）IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.

（2）直接引语为一般疑问句，间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。

　　Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?

”——>

　　Heasked（me）whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.

　　（3）直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or….如：

　　Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?

HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench..

　　Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?

Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.

　　（4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。

　　Heasked，“What'

syourname?

Heasked（me）whatmynamewas.

　　Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?

　　Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.

　　（5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask,advise,tell,warn,orde-r,request等。

如asksb.todo，（由肯定祈使句变成）asksb.nottodo（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。

　　Hesaid，“Beseated,please.”——>

Heaskedustobeseated.

　　“Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting.”Hesaid.——>

Hetoldmetobecarefulwithmyhandwriting.

　　“Nevercomehereagain!

”saidtheofficernearby.——>

　　Theofficerorderedthevillagersnevertogothereagain.

　　“Don'

ttouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission,”theteachersaid.——>

　　Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottotouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.

　　（6）有些含有“建议”、“劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest,insist,offer等动词转述，如：

　　Hesaid,“Let'

shavearest.”——>

Hesuggestedourhavingarest.

　　Hesaid,“Letmehelpyou.”——>

Heofferedtohelpme.

　　（7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用asksb.todosth./suggestdoing/advisesb.todosth.等形式转述。

　　“Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?

”heasked.——>

Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.

　　“Whynotgoingoutforawalk?

”heaskedus.——>

　　Headvisedustogooutforawalk.或Hesuggestedwegooutforawalk.

　　（8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：

Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!

Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalov-elyday.

【小试牛刀】

1.Heaskedme________withme.

A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.what’sthematterD.whatwasthematter

2.Heasked________forthecomputer.

A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid

宾语从句专项习题

巩固练习

1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?

A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleave

C.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave

2.Canyoutellme_________?

A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives

3.Theoldmanaskedme________.

A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinema

C.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema

4.Ithink_______youwilllikehim.

A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how

5.Ididn’tknow_______hewillcomeornot.

A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how

6.Iwonder_________.

A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescost

C.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost

7.Sheaskedme_________

A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis

8.Askhim___.

A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup

9.Idon’tknow_________.

A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovie

C.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts

10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong________.

A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill

11.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay_________.

A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrow

C.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow

12.Doyouknow_________?

A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisis

C.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto

13.Couldyoutellmewhere_________?

A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape

14.Theywanttoknow_________?

A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyou

C.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying

15.Tonywantedtoknow_________.

A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstocking

B.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking

C.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking

D.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking

16.Nooneknows___theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.

A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if

17.Julydidn’tknow_________.

A.whereisTim’sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmade

C.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch

18.Noonetoldus_________,soweneedyourhelp.

A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo

19.Wedon’tknow_________withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.

A.howdoitB.howtodoC.whatdoitD.whattodo

20.Heaskedme_________.

A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoney

B.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoney

C.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundout

D.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney

能力提高练习

1.Idon'

tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'

lltellyou．

A.if;

WhetherB.whether;

WhetherC.if;

ThatD.if;

If

2.Idon'

tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.

A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'

llcome

3.Couldyoutellme____thenearesthospitalis?

A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where

4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?

A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended

5.Iwanttoknow_________.

A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking

C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter

6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?

A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive

7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?

A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves

8.Idon'

tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?

A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers

C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare

9.Thesmallchildrendon'

tknow_________.

A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings

C.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings

10.Ican'

tunderstand_____.

A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean

C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans

11.Idon’tknow_____hewillbebackhome.

A.who　B.what　C.when　D.where

12.Couldyoutellme___________?

A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor

C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein

13.Doyoustillremember_______?

A.thathesaid　B.whathesaid　C.didhesaythat　D.whatdidhesay

14.Ican’tunderstand______theboyalone.

A.whysheleft　B.whydidsheleave　C.whyshehadleft　D.whyhadsheleft

15.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.

A.rise　B.rose　C.rises　D.hadr