催化重整工艺生产过程概述完整版Word文档格式.docx
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1.概论..........................................................................................5
1.1催化重整简介.....................................................................................5
1.2催化重整在石油加工中的地位.........................................................5
1.3催化重整发展史.................................................................................5
1.4催化重整工艺过程.............................................................................6
生产高辛烷值汽油方案.....................................................................................7
1.4.2生产芳烃方案................................................................................8
2.催化重整化学反应机理.........................................................8
2.1芳构化反应.........................................................................................8
六元环脱氢反应...................................................................................................8
五员环烷烃异构化成六员环烷烃.................................................8
2.1.3烷烃的脱氢环化反应.....................................................................9
2.1.4.芳构化反应特点.............................................................................9
2.2异构化反应..........................................................................................9
2.3加氢裂化反应.....................................................................................10
2.4积炭反应.............................................................................................10
3.催化重整催化剂.....................................................................10
3.1催化重整催化剂类型及组成............................................................10
3.1.1活性组分.......................................................................................10
3.1.2助催化剂.......................................................................................11
3.1.3载体................................................................................................12
3.2.催化重整催化剂评价.........................................................................12
3.2.1化学组成........................................................................................12
3.2.2物理性质........................................................................................12
3.2.3使用性能........................................................................................12
3.3催化重整催化剂使用.........................................................................14
3.3.1开工技术........................................................................................14
3.3.2反应系统中水氯平衡的控制........................................................15
3.3.3催化剂的失活控制与再生............................................................16
4.催化重整原料选择及处理.....................................................19
4.1原料的选择.........................................................................................19
4.1.1馏分组成........................................................................................19
............................................................................................19
4.1.3杂质含量........................................................................................19
4.2重整原料的预处理.............................................................................20
4.2.1预分馏............................................................................................20
4.2.2预加氢............................................................................................20
4.2.3预脱砷............................................................................................20
4.2.4脱金属.............................................................................................21
4.2.5脱氯..............................................................................................21
5.催化重整的具体工艺工程...................................................22
5.1世界有两种工业化连续重整技术..................................................22
环球油品公司（UOP）.....................................................22
5.1.2法国石油研究院（IFP）...........................................................23
5.2原料及产品.....................................................................................24
5.2.1原料.............................................................................................24
5.2.2产品.............................................................................................24
5.3工艺流程..........................................................................................25
5.3.1生产高辛烷值汽油流程.............................................................25
5.3.2生产芳烃流程.............................................................................25
5.4原料预处理......................................................................................25
5.4.1预分馏.........................................................................................26
5.4.2预加氢.........................................................................................26
5.4.3预脱砷.........................................................................................26
5.5催化重整..........................................................................................26
5.5.1固定床半再生式工艺流程.........................................................26
5.5.2移动床连续再生式工艺流程.....................................................27
5.5.3催化重整反应器.........................................................................28
5.6芳烃抽提工艺流程..........................................................................28
5.7芳烃精馏工艺流程..........................................................................29
5.8麦格纳重整工艺流程......................................................................29
5.9重整反应的主要操作参数..............................................................29
5.9.1反应温度.....................................................................................29
5.9.2反应压力.....................................................................................30
5.9.3空速.............................................................................................30
5.9.4氢油比.........................................................................................30
5.10催化重整工艺特点........................................................................30
6.催化重整的重要部位及设备...............................................31
6.1重要部位...........................................................................................31
6.2重要设备...........................................................................................31
6.2.1反应器..........................................................................................31
6.2.2高压分离器..................................................................................31
6.2.3氢气压缩机..................................................................................31
6.2.4进料换热器..................................................................................32
6.2.5多流路四合一加热炉..................................................................32
6.2.6在生器..........................................................................................32
6.2.7重整反应器..................................................................................32
7.重整装置能耗分析...............................................................33
7.1半再生重整装置能耗分析.............................................................33
7.2连续重整装置能耗分析...................................................................35
7.3两种重整工艺能耗对比分析........................................................36
8.降低重整能耗的措施..........................................................37
8.1提高加热炉热效率.........................................................................37
8.1.1余热回收....................................................................................37
8.1.2提高加热炉热效率....................................................................37
8.2降低循环氢压缩机功率.................................................................37
8.3优化工艺流程.................................................................................37
8.3.1降低临氢系统压力降................................................................37
8.3.2.加热炉增加并联流路................................................................38
8.4选用高效设备.................................................................................38
8.5能耗总结........................................................................................38
9.安全设施设置的考虑..........................................................38
9.1重整循环氢低流量的联锁.............................................................38
9.1.1重整循环氢主要作用................................................................38
9.1.2重整循环氢断流或流量过低对装置造成的危害....................39
9.1.3重整循环氢压缩机保护措施....................................................39
9.2离心式重整循环氢压缩机防喘震系统的考虑............................39
9.3重沸炉的多流路控制与低流量保护............................................39
9.4安全环保系统的考虑....................................................................40
10.催化重整危险因素分析及其防范措施............................40
开停工时危险因素及其防范.......................................................40
停工过程中危险因素及其防范..............................................40
开工过程中危险因素及其防范..............................................41
正常生产中危险因素及其防范...................................................41
10.2.1设备防腐..................................................................................41
10.2.2催化重整装置常见事故处理原则..........................................42
装置易发生的事故及其处理.......................................................42
10.3.1重整单元常见事故处理方法..................................................42
10.3.2抽提单元常见事故处理..........................................................43
10.3.3精馏单元常见事故处理..........................................................43
1．概论
催化重整：
在有催化剂作用的条件下，对汽油馏分中的烃类分子结构进行重新排列成新的分子结构的过程叫催化重整。
石油炼制过程
升级会员 