2牛津高中英语模块一至四语法总结及练习.doc
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牛津英语模块1至模块4语法总结及练习
第一单元
一定语从句:
定语从句的介绍
1.就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样,定语从句也可以修饰名词。
定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。
形容词:
Thegreenteam
介词短语:
Theteamingreen
定语从句:
Theteamwhowerewearinggreen
2.定语从句通常由关系代词来引导,如which,that,who,whom,whose,或关系副词来引导,如when,where,why。
关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语,宾语,表语,定语;关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。
如:
做主语Thetreeswhichareontheschoolcampushavelosttheirleaves.
做宾语Thestudentwhomwesawjustnowisthebestrunnerinourschool.
做表语Jackisnolongerthelazyboythatheusedtobe.
做定语ShehasabrotherwhosenameIcan’tremember.
做状语TheschoolwherehestudiedisinShenzhen.
二定语从句:
关系代词:
that,which,who,whom,和whose
1.在定语从句中,that和which用来指代物。
eg:
Thisisthestorythat/whichwewroteforourstorytellingcontest.
2.在定语从句中,who用来指代人。
eg:
IamgoingtoseeafriendwhohasjustcomebackfromtheUK.
3.当who在定语从句中做宾语时,可以用whom来取代,且whom比who更正式。
eg:
Idon’tknowthenameoftheteacherwho/whomIsawinthecomputerroomtheotherday.
4.当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,who,whom,which和that可以被省略。
eg:
Helikesallthebirthdaypresents(that/which)hisfriendsgavehim.
5.Whose用来表示所属,它既可指人也可指物。
eg:
IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiane.
TheclubwhosemembersaremusicfansmeetintheschoolgardeneverySaturdayafternoon.
第二单元
一定语从句:
介词提前的定语从句(preposition+which;preposition+whom)
1.当关系代词(which/whom)做定语从句中介词的宾语时,可以把介词提到关系代词的前面。
eg:
Wethoughtyouwereapersonfromwhomwecouldexpectgooddecisions.
2.在非正式英语中,介词通常放在定语从句的最后。
eg:
ArtisthesubjectwhichIknowlittleabout.
3.如果介词放在定语从句的最后,which可以被that取代,whom可以被that和who取代。
eg:
Dadisapersonwhom/that/whoIcaneasilytalkto.
4.当关系代词做定语从句中介词的宾语,并且介词又放在定语从句的末尾时,我们通常省略关系代词who和that。
eg:
Thetopic(which)EricisinterestedinisPhysics.
Danielistheperson(whom)Iwanttomakefriendswith.
5.当先行词是way时,我们用inwhich或that来引导定语从句,这种情况下,inwhich或that可以被省略。
eg:
Ididn’tliketheway(that/inwhich)shetalkedtome.
二定语从句:
关系副词:
when,where,why
1.我们通常用关系副词when引导先行词是time,moment,day,season,year等的定语从句。
eg:
Doyourememberthedaywhenweleftyouincharge?
IoftenthinkofthemomentwhenIsawtheUFO.
2.我们通常用关系副词where引导先行词是place,house,city,country,city,world等的定语从句。
eg:
Thepolicesearchedthehousewherethethiefhadstayed.
Thisisnotafamilywherebadbehaviorgoesunpunished.
3.我们通常用关系副词why引导先行词是reason的定语从句。
eg:
Idon’tknowthereasonwhythehouseissodirty.
4.在更加正式的英语中,where,when和why能够被介词+which所替代。
eg:
Thestudyistheplacewhere/inwhichIoftenhavetalkswithmyfather.
Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichmyparentsgothomeearlier.
Itrainedthewholedaywhen/onwhichhetraveledwithhisfamily.
第三单元
一定语从句:
非限制性定语从句
1.非限制性定语从句是一个为主句添加额外信息的从句,在非限制性定语从句前通常有个逗号。
eg:
Amy,whotookweight-losspills,nowrealizesthathealthisimportant.
Mypillsareinthebathroom,whereIalwayskeepthem.
2.当先行词是整个主句时,可以用which来引导定语从句。
eg:
Hemissedtheshow,whichwasagreatpity.
3.我们可以用all+whom/which来表示全部数量,用someof+whom/which来表示部分数量。
eg:
Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofwhicharequitehelpfultomyhealth.
Manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweight,aregoingondiet.
定语从句练习
1.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone
2.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone
3.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone
4.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat
5.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.
A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat
6.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.
A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether
7.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.
A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which
8.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.
A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
9.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.what
10.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_________wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.
A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that
11.Anyone__________thisopinionmayspeakout.
A.thatagainstsB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst
12.Didn’tyouseetheman__________?
InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnow
C.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow
13.Isthereanything__________toyou?
A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs
14.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?
”
----“It’squitedifferentfrom__________Ireadlastmonth.”
A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat
15.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept__________who
hadalreadytakenthem.
A.theonesB.onesC.some