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3.如何加强学生的网络道德教育
注意:
此部分试题在试卷二上
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionson答题卡.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
RaisingWiseConsumers
Almostanyonewithaprofitmotiveismarketingtoinnocents.Helpyourkidsunderstandit’sOKnottohaveitall.Herearefivestrategiesforraisingwiseconsumers.
1.Leadbyexample
WhileyoumayknowthatTVcommercialsstimulatedesireforconsumergoods,you’llhaveahardtimesellingyourkidsonthevirtuesofturningoffthetubeifyoustructureyourowndaysaroundthelatestsitcom(情景喜剧)orrealityshow.
Thesameprincipleappliestomoneymatters.Itdoesnogoodtolectureyourkidsaboutspending,savingandsharingwhendoingouttheirpocketmoneyifyouspendeveryfreeweekendafternoonatthemall.Ifyoususpectyourownspendinghabitsareoutofwhack,considerwhatfinancialadvisorNathanDungansaysinhisbookWastefulSonsandMaterialGirls:
HowNottoBeYourChild’sATM.“Inteachingyourchildaboutmoney,fewissuesareascriticalasyourownregularconsumerdecisions,”hewrites.“Inthecomingweeks,challengeyourselftosaynotoyourownwantsandtooptforlessexpensiveoptions.”
2.Encouragecriticalthinking
Withchildrenundersixorseven,startbytellingthem,“Don’tbelieveeverythingyousee,”saysLindaMillar,vice-presidentofEducationforConcernedChildren’sAdvertisers,anonprofitgroupof26Canadiancompanieshelpingchildrenandtheirfamiliesbymedia.Showthemexamplesoffalseorexaggeratedadvertisingclaims,suchasabreakfastcereal(谷类)makeyoubiggerandstronger.
ShariGraydon,amediaeducatorandpastpresidentofMediaWatch,suggestsintroducingchildrentothe“marketingthatdoesn’tshow”—themascots(吉祥物)andwebsitesthatstrengthenbrandloyalty,thereadingtoysthatcausemust-have-itfeverandthecelebrityendorsements(代言).“Explainthatadvertiserspaymillionsofdollarsforcelebritiestoendorseaproduct,andthatthepeoplewhobuytheproductendupsharingthecost,”shesays.
3.Supervisewithsensitivity
AccordingtoasurveyconductedbytheMediaAwarenessNetworkin2001,nearly70percentofchildrensayparentsneversitwiththemwhiletheysurftheNetandmorethanhalfsayparentsnevercheckwherethey’vebeenonline.ThestatesforTVhabitspaintasimilarpicture.A2003CanadianTeachers’Federationstudyofchildren’smediahabitsfoundthatroughly30percentofchildreninYearsThreetoSixclaimthatnoadulthasinputintotheirselectionofTVshows;
byYearEight,thefigurerisestoabout60percent.
“Researchsuggeststhatkidsbenefitmorefromhavingparentswatchwiththemthanhavingtheirviewingtimelimited,”saysGraydon,notingthatmanychildrenhaveTVsetsintheirbedrooms,whicheffectivelyfreethemfromparentalsupervision.Andwhatexactlydoes“supervision”mean?
“Ratherthanridiculingyourchild’sfavoriteshow,gameorweb-site,whichwillonlycreatedistancebetweenyou,youcanexplainwhycertainmediamessagesconflictwiththevaluesyou’dliketodevelopinyourchild,”Graydonsays.
Ifyou’reputoffbycoarselanguageinaTVshow,tellyourchildthathearingsuchlanguagesendsthe(false)messagethatthisisthewaymostpeoplecommunicatewhenunderstress.Ifviolenceinacomputergamedisturbsyou,pointoutthatasteadydietofonscreenviolencecanweakensensitivitytowardsreal-lifeviolence.“Andwhenyoudowatchashowtogether,”addsGraydon,“discusssomeofthehiddenmessages,bothgoodandbad.”
4.Saynowithoutguilt
I’mnotproudtoadmitit,butwhenTaraaskedmeifIcouldtakehershopping.Iendedupsayingyes.Moreprecisely,Itoldherthatifshecontinuedtoworkhardanddowellinschool,Iwouldtakeherovertheschoolholidays.TheholidayshavenowpassedandIstillhaven’ttakenher,butIhavenodoubtshe’llremindmeofitsoonenough.WhenIdotakeher,Iintendtosetfirmlimits(bothonthepriceandtheclothingitems)beforewewalkintothestore.
Still,IwonderwhyIgaveinsoquicklytoTara’srequest.AuthorThompsonsaysthatmystatusasababyboomermayprovideaclue.“Weboomerparentsspringfromaconsumercultureinwhichhavingtherightstuffhelpsyoufitin,”sheexplain.“OurresearchhasshownthatevenparentsinpoorhomeswillbuyGameBoysovernecessities.”Infact,68percentofparentsroutinelygiveintotheirkids’requests.
Tocounteractthistendency,Graydonsaysparentshaveto“learn,orrelearn,howtosayno.”AndwhatifthechildcallsyouamiserorremindsyouthatherbestfriendshasfourBarbies(芭比娃娃)andshedoesn’tevenhaveone?
Graydonsuggestspracticingthismantra(祷文):
“Wecreateourownfamilyrulesaccordingtoourownfamilyvalues.Wecreateourownfamilyrulesaccordingtoourownfamilyvalues.Wecreate…”.
5.Offeralternatives
Asparentsknow,saying“Youcan’thavethat”onlyintensifiesakid’sdesireforwhatever“that”is.RatherthanarbitrarilyrestrictingtheirTVorcomputertimetoprotectthemfrommediainfluence,JeffDerevensky,aprofessorofappliedchildpsychologyatMcGillUniversity,suggestscreatingalistofmutuallyacceptablealternatives.“’Ifyouwanttoencourageyourchildrentobuildtowersorplayboardgames,bepreparedtoparticipate,”hesays.“Manykidswilldotheseactivitieswiththeirparentsbutnotwithotherkids.”
MirandaHughes,apart-timephysicianandmotheroffour,fillsherhomewithsuchbasicsascoloredpencilsandpaints,craftmaterials,boardandcardgames,buildingtoys,apianowiththelidpermanentlyopen,sheetmusicandbooksofallkinds.“Ialsooffermyowntimewheneverpossible,”shesays.AlthoughHugheshasatelevisioninherhouse,completewith150channels,herkidswatchonlyaboutanhouraweek.“Ihaven’thadtoimplementanyrulesaboutTVorcomputeruse,”shesays.“There’susuallysomethingelsemykidswouldratherbedoing.”
1-7试题在答题卡上作答。
1.AccordingtoNathanDungan,inteachingyourchildaboutmoney,themostimportantissueis_________.
A)thewayyouspendyourmoney
B)thetimechildrenareallowedtowatchTV
C)theactivitiessharedbyyouandyourchildren
D)theamountofmoneyatthechildren’sdisposal
2.WhatdowelearnaboutLindaMillarfromthepassage?
A)Sheisthemotherofasix-year-oldgirl.
B)Shedirectsanon-profitorganization.
C)Sheowns26Canadiancompanies.
D)SheisafamousCanadianadvertiser.
3.ShariGraydonsuggeststhatchildrenshouldbeawareof__________.
A)brandloyaltyB)themust-have-itfever
C)invisiblemarketingD)exaggeratedadvertisements
4.HowmanychildreninYearEightclaimtohaveselectedTVshowswithoutparents’supervision?
A)30percent.B)Morethanhalf.C)60percentD)70percent
5.ShariGraydonnotedthatchildrenmaybenefitmorewhen_________.
A)parentssharedTVshowswiththem
B)parentslimitedtheirviewingtime
C)theyhadaTVintheirownbedrooms
D)theywerefreefromparents’supervision
6.SomeTVshowsledchildrentobelievethatpeoplewouldcommunicatewith________whenunderstress.
A)violentbehaviorsB)psychiatrists
C)peergroupsD)rudelanguage
7.TheauthorpromisedtotakeherdaughterTarato________ifshecoulddowellatschool.
A)seeafilmB)goshopping
C)theDisneylandD)thegamearcade
8-10答案写在试卷二上。
8.Itisbelievedbythe________,whowereborninaconsumerculture,thathavingtherightstuffhelpsonefitin.
9.Toprotectchildrenfrommediainfluence,arbitrarilyrestrictingtheirTVorcomputertimeisnotasgoodas_________.
10.Thepassageisintendedtohelpparentstoraisetheirkidstobe_________.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron答题卡withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
11.A)She’salreadyfinishedtheprogram.
B)Shedoesn’thaveinterestintheprogram.
C)Shedoesn’tknowthenurse.
D)Shewouldliketoloseweight.
12.A)SheneedstospeakEnglishatwork.
B)ShewantstomakeAmericanfriends.
C)SheplanstotraveltoAmerica.
D)Shewantstofindagoodjob.
13.A)Shelikestheplay.
B)Shedidn’tunderstandtheplay.
C)Shedoesn’tliketheplay.
D)Shemissedtheplaylastweek.
14.A)Gostraighttobed.
B)Eatasmallsandwich.
C)Drinkabottleofmilk.
D)Haveafewbiscuits.
15.A)Thesubjectdeservesmorediscussion.
B)Thematerialsforthemeetingshouldbekeptupstairs.
C)She’dliketoendthemeetingearly.
D)Sheregretsmissingthemeeting.
16.A)Stevenmaybepromotedsoon.
B)Stevenhasbeeninhispositionforquitealongtime.
C)Steven’sjobasamanagerisdifficult.
D)Steven’sbehaviormaycausehislossofthejob.
17.A)Themanforgotwhenthereportwasdue