高二上学期期末考试英语试题解析版 2Word格式.docx
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第I卷(选择题)
一、阅读理解
Templeshaveexistedforthousandsofyears.Theyaretheproofofculturesandcivilizationthatexistedmanyyearsago.
GobekliTepe,Turkey
LocatedonahilltopinsouthwesternTurkeywhereitsnowsalotinwinter,theGobekliTepeisconsideredtheworld’soldesttemple.Itisnearly11,000yearsold.Therearecarvingsontherockstatues,mainlyoflions,foxes,snakes,cranesandwildducks,aswellasscenesofpeoplehunting.Becauseheavysnowmakesithardtogettothetopofthehill,visitorsarenotrecommendedtogothereinwinters.
WhiteTemple,Thailand
ImmediatelyuponenteringWhiteTemple,youwillrealizethiscontemporary,unconventionaltemplestandsout,eveninacountrydottedwithtemples.TheWhiteTempleisincrediblydifferentanduniqueinitsarchitecture,artanddesign.Infact,itisdesignedinaverymodernway.Thistempleisallwhite.ItisveryhotinsummerinThailand,sogoingtoWhiteTempleinotherthreeseasonsisawisechoice.
SagradaFamilia,Spain
ThissymbolicBarcelonabuildingisfamouslyunfinished.Itissaidtobefinishedby2026,butnobodybelievesit.However,visitorsbelieveitsincompletenessispartofitscharm,whichsetsitapartfromothertemplesintheworld.YouwillhavetowaitinalonglineifyouvisitSagradaFamiliainsummerholiday.Visitorsarenotthatmanyinspringandwinter.
Kinkaku-ji,Japan
ThistempleisabsolutelythemostpopularoneinJapan.Whetheryouvisitduringthefallwhenthereareredleavesagainstthegoldenwall,inwinterwhenthegoldistoppedwithpurewhitesnow,inspringwithcherryblossoms,orinsummerallowingyoutosmelltheearthysmellafterrain–thereisneverabadtimetovisitthisbeautifultemple.
1.Whichtemplewillyouchoosetogoifyouareafanofmodernarchitecture?
A.GobekliTepe.B.WhiteTemple.
C.SagradaFamilia.D.Kinkaku-ji.
2.WhatmakesSagradaFamiliaspecialaccordingtothepassage?
A.Itisunfinished.B.Itisallwhite.
C.Itistheoldesttemple.D.Itisuntraditional.
3.Whichtempleisfavorabletogoallyearround?
Recently,manye-commerceplatforms,includingDidiTaxi,Ctrip,Fliggy,JDadTaobao,havebeenuncoveredthattheyarecheatingtheirfrequentcustomers.Theirwaysareprettyclever.Whentherearenewusersorconservativeoldusers,theywillgiveaquiteappealingpricetoattractthemintoregisteringandbuyinggoods.However,theirbigdataisnotthatfriendlytothestableusersandfrequentvisitors.Thesystemalwaysoffersthemhigherpriceforthesameproductsorservice.Howdoesthishappen?
Accordingtothedataanalysis,thesystemknowsclearlythatalthoughtheyfeelthepriceishigh,theywillfinallypaythebill.Bycollectingandanalyzingusers’profiles,buyinghabitsandotherinformation,bigdatarecommendsthesameproductstodifferentuserswithdifferentprices.
Companiesalsotryotherwaystomakemoney,makingonlineconsumptionfarmoreworrying.Forexample,videowebsitesalwaysoffer120seconds’advertisements,whichdrivespeoplecrazy.Andevenifyoupayforthemembershiptogetridoftheads,youhaveto“enjoy”15-second“private”ads.Bybroadcastingthem,companiesmakehugeprofits---secondtothemembershipfees.Also,owning100Mbpsnetwork,youstillputupwiththeslowspeedwhenyouaredownloadingasong.YouhavenochoicebuttobecomeaVIPwhenyouseekhighqualityservices.Usersseemtobelambs(羊羔)amongwolves.Eventhoughtheysay,”Sinceyouhavemoney,I’llchargeyoumore”,wecan’tdoanythingaboutit.
Itpainsusthatwehaven’tfiguredoutawaytodealwiththeproblem.TheonlythingwecandoisreplacingouriPhoneswithAndroidphonesifwewanttobuyamembershipcard,andapplyingfornewaccountsifwewantcheaperhotels.Notfindingawaytofightback,wecan’tdoanythingbutacceptthempassively.
4.Howdoesbigdataservecompaniesaccordingtothetext?
A.Bybeingkindtoallusers.
B.Bygivingadiscounttostableusers.
C.Byattractingnewusersbyanalyzingtheirshoppinghabits.
D.Byrecommendingthesameproductswithhigherpricestoregularusers.
5.Whatdoweknowfromthethirdparagraph?
A.Membershipcanridyouofalltheads.
B.OnlybybeingaVIPcanyougetabetterservice.
C.Theslowdownloadspeedisduetoyourpoornetwork.
D.Advertisingincomeisthebiggestincomeforvideowebsites.
6.Whatistheauthor’attitudetowardsthechancesoffindingawaytofightback?
A.Uncertain.B.Casual.
C.Negative.D.Positive.
7.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?
A.Thebigdataprovideshelpfulinformationtousers.
B.Wehavetoacceptonlineconsumptionasitis.
C.Thereexistmanyonlineconsumptiontraps.
D.Regularcustomersarericher.
Antarctica(南极洲)’smeltingice,whichhascausedglobalsealevelstorisebyatleast13.8millimetersoverthepast40years,wasthoughttoprimarilycomefromtheunstableWestAntarcticIceSheet(WAIS).Now,scientistshavefoundthattheEastAntarcticIceSheet(EAIS)—consideredlargelyunaffectedbyclimatechange—mayalsobemeltingatanunexpectedlyrapidspeed.
TheWAIS,whosebaseisbelowsealevel,haslongbeenconsideredthemostlikelytobreakdown.Besidesgravity,adeepcurrentofwarmwaterslipsbeneaththesheet,meltingitfrombelowuntilitbecomesafloatingshelfatriskofbreakingaway.Incontrast,extremecoldandabasemostlyabovesealevelarethoughttokeeptheEAISrelativelysafefromwarmwaters.
Butasgreenhousegaseswarmmuchoftheplanet,drivingstrongerpolarwinds,somescientiststhinkwarmwatercarriedbyacircularcurrentwillstarttoinvadeEastAntarctica’sonceunassailableice.Acooperationofmorethan60scientistslastyear,publishedinNature,estimatedthattheEAISactuallyaddedabout5billiontonsoficeeachyearfrom1992to2017.
EricRignotoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,andcolleaguescombined40yearsofsatelliteimageryandclimatemodelingandfoundthatoverallAntarcticanowsendssixtimesmoreiceintotheseaeachyearthanitdidin1979,withthemajoritycomingfromWestAntarctica.ButEastAntarcticawasresponsibleformorethan30%ofAntarctica’scontributiontothe13.8-millimetersealevelriseoverthepast40years.“Themorewelookatthissystemthemorewerealizethisisfragile,”Rignotsays.“Oncetheseglaciersbecomeunstablethereisnoredbuttontopresstostopit.”
RignothopesthestudybringsgreaterattentiontoapartofAntarcticathathastraditionallybeenunderstudied.HelenFricker,aglaciologist(冰川学家)inCalifornia,agrees.“WeneedtomonitortheentireAntarcticaandwejustcan’tdothatwithoutinternationalcooperation.”
8.Whatisthenewfindingofscientists?
A.TheeastAntarcticaislosingiceatanincreasingrate.
B.ThewestAntarcticaismeltingsixtimesfasterthanin1979.
C.5billiontonsoficeisaddedtoAntarcticaeachyear.
D.Thesealevelhasrisenby13.8mmoverthepast40years.
9.WhichfactorleadstotheEAIS’smeltingfast?
A.Abasemostlyoversealevel.B.Theforceofgravity.
C.Theinvasionofawarmcurrent.D.Extremelylowtemperature.
10.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“unassailable”underlinedinPara.3?
A.Fragile.B.Unattackable.
C.Mild.D.Unstable.
11.WhichwaydoesHelenFrickerspeciallyadvocate?
A.Satelliteimagery.B.Globalmonitoring.
C.Worldwideclimatemodeling.D.Worldwidecombinedefforts.
Modernlifestylesaregenerallyquitedifferentfromthoseofourhunter-gathererancestors,afactthatsomeclaimasthecauseofthecurrentriseinglobalobesity,butnewresultspublishedJuly25intheopenaccessjournalPLOSONEfindthatthereisnodifferencebetweentheenergyexpenditure(耗费)ofmodernhunter-gatherersandWesterners,castingdoubtonthistheory.
Theresearchteambehindthestudy,ledbyHermanPontzerofHunterCollegeinNewYorkCity,alongwithDavidRaichlenoftheUniversityofArizonaandBrianM.WoodofStanfordmeasureddailyenergyexpenditureamongtheHadza,apopulationoftraditionalhunter-gathererslivingintheopenSavannahofnorthernTanzania.Despitespendingtheirdayshikinglongdistancestoseekforwildplantsandgame,theHadzaburnednomorecalorieseachdaythanadultsintheU.S.andEurope.Theteamranseveralanalysesaccountingfortheeffectsofbodyweight,bodyfatpercentage,age,andgender.Inallanalyses,dailyenergyexpenditureamongtheHadzahunter-gathererswasindistinguishable(难以区分的)fromthatofWesterners.Thestudywasthefirsttomeasureenergyexpenditureinhunter-gatherersdirectly;
previousstudieshadreliedentirelyonestimates.
Thesefindingsoverturnthelong-heldassumptionthatourhunter-gathererancestorsexpendedmoreenergythanmodernpopulations,andchallengetheviewthatobesityinWesternpopulationsresultsfromdecreasedenergyexpenditure.Instead,thesimilarityindailyenergyexpenditureacrossabroadrangeoflifestylessuggeststhathabitualmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratesarerelativelyconstantamonghumanpopulations.Thisinturnsupportstheviewthatthecurrentriseinobesityisduetoincreasedfoodconsumption,notdecreasedenergyexpenditure.Itmeanswehavemoretolearnabouthumanphysiology(生理学)andhealth,particularlyinnon-Westernsettings.
"
Theseresultshighlightthecomplexityofenergyexpenditure.It'
snotsimplyafunctionofphysicalactivity,"
saysPontzer.”Ourmetabolicratesmaybemoreareflectionofoursharedevolution