高二上学期期末考试英语试题解析版 2Word格式.docx

高二上学期期末考试英语试题解析版 2Word格式.docx

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3．非选择题的作答：

用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

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4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第I卷（选择题）

一、阅读理解

Templeshaveexistedforthousandsofyears.Theyaretheproofofculturesandcivilizationthatexistedmanyyearsago.

GobekliTepe,Turkey

LocatedonahilltopinsouthwesternTurkeywhereitsnowsalotinwinter,theGobekliTepeisconsideredtheworld’soldesttemple.Itisnearly11,000yearsold.Therearecarvingsontherockstatues,mainlyoflions,foxes,snakes,cranesandwildducks,aswellasscenesofpeoplehunting.Becauseheavysnowmakesithardtogettothetopofthehill,visitorsarenotrecommendedtogothereinwinters.

WhiteTemple,Thailand

ImmediatelyuponenteringWhiteTemple,youwillrealizethiscontemporary,unconventionaltemplestandsout,eveninacountrydottedwithtemples.TheWhiteTempleisincrediblydifferentanduniqueinitsarchitecture,artanddesign.Infact,itisdesignedinaverymodernway.Thistempleisallwhite.ItisveryhotinsummerinThailand,sogoingtoWhiteTempleinotherthreeseasonsisawisechoice.

SagradaFamilia,Spain

ThissymbolicBarcelonabuildingisfamouslyunfinished.Itissaidtobefinishedby2026,butnobodybelievesit.However,visitorsbelieveitsincompletenessispartofitscharm,whichsetsitapartfromothertemplesintheworld.YouwillhavetowaitinalonglineifyouvisitSagradaFamiliainsummerholiday.Visitorsarenotthatmanyinspringandwinter.

Kinkaku-ji,Japan

ThistempleisabsolutelythemostpopularoneinJapan.Whetheryouvisitduringthefallwhenthereareredleavesagainstthegoldenwall,inwinterwhenthegoldistoppedwithpurewhitesnow,inspringwithcherryblossoms,orinsummerallowingyoutosmelltheearthysmellafterrain–thereisneverabadtimetovisitthisbeautifultemple.

1．Whichtemplewillyouchoosetogoifyouareafanofmodernarchitecture?

A．GobekliTepe.B．WhiteTemple.

C．SagradaFamilia.D．Kinkaku-ji.

2．WhatmakesSagradaFamiliaspecialaccordingtothepassage?

A．Itisunfinished.B．Itisallwhite.

C．Itistheoldesttemple.D．Itisuntraditional.

3．Whichtempleisfavorabletogoallyearround?

Recently,manye-commerceplatforms,includingDidiTaxi,Ctrip,Fliggy,JDadTaobao,havebeenuncoveredthattheyarecheatingtheirfrequentcustomers.Theirwaysareprettyclever.Whentherearenewusersorconservativeoldusers,theywillgiveaquiteappealingpricetoattractthemintoregisteringandbuyinggoods.However,theirbigdataisnotthatfriendlytothestableusersandfrequentvisitors.Thesystemalwaysoffersthemhigherpriceforthesameproductsorservice.Howdoesthishappen?

Accordingtothedataanalysis,thesystemknowsclearlythatalthoughtheyfeelthepriceishigh,theywillfinallypaythebill.Bycollectingandanalyzingusers’profiles,buyinghabitsandotherinformation,bigdatarecommendsthesameproductstodifferentuserswithdifferentprices.

Companiesalsotryotherwaystomakemoney,makingonlineconsumptionfarmoreworrying.Forexample,videowebsitesalwaysoffer120seconds’advertisements,whichdrivespeoplecrazy.Andevenifyoupayforthemembershiptogetridoftheads,youhaveto“enjoy”15-second“private”ads.Bybroadcastingthem,companiesmakehugeprofits---secondtothemembershipfees.Also,owning100Mbpsnetwork,youstillputupwiththeslowspeedwhenyouaredownloadingasong.YouhavenochoicebuttobecomeaVIPwhenyouseekhighqualityservices.Usersseemtobelambs（羊羔）amongwolves.Eventhoughtheysay,”Sinceyouhavemoney,I’llchargeyoumore”,wecan’tdoanythingaboutit.

Itpainsusthatwehaven’tfiguredoutawaytodealwiththeproblem.TheonlythingwecandoisreplacingouriPhoneswithAndroidphonesifwewanttobuyamembershipcard,andapplyingfornewaccountsifwewantcheaperhotels.Notfindingawaytofightback,wecan’tdoanythingbutacceptthempassively.

4．Howdoesbigdataservecompaniesaccordingtothetext?

A．Bybeingkindtoallusers.

B．Bygivingadiscounttostableusers.

C．Byattractingnewusersbyanalyzingtheirshoppinghabits.

D．Byrecommendingthesameproductswithhigherpricestoregularusers.

5．Whatdoweknowfromthethirdparagraph?

A．Membershipcanridyouofalltheads.

B．OnlybybeingaVIPcanyougetabetterservice.

C．Theslowdownloadspeedisduetoyourpoornetwork.

D．Advertisingincomeisthebiggestincomeforvideowebsites.

6．Whatistheauthor’attitudetowardsthechancesoffindingawaytofightback?

A．Uncertain.B．Casual.

C．Negative.D．Positive.

7．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A．Thebigdataprovideshelpfulinformationtousers.

B．Wehavetoacceptonlineconsumptionasitis.

C．Thereexistmanyonlineconsumptiontraps.

D．Regularcustomersarericher.

Antarctica（南极洲）’smeltingice,whichhascausedglobalsealevelstorisebyatleast13.8millimetersoverthepast40years,wasthoughttoprimarilycomefromtheunstableWestAntarcticIceSheet（WAIS）.Now,scientistshavefoundthattheEastAntarcticIceSheet（EAIS）—consideredlargelyunaffectedbyclimatechange—mayalsobemeltingatanunexpectedlyrapidspeed.

TheWAIS,whosebaseisbelowsealevel,haslongbeenconsideredthemostlikelytobreakdown.Besidesgravity,adeepcurrentofwarmwaterslipsbeneaththesheet,meltingitfrombelowuntilitbecomesafloatingshelfatriskofbreakingaway.Incontrast,extremecoldandabasemostlyabovesealevelarethoughttokeeptheEAISrelativelysafefromwarmwaters.

Butasgreenhousegaseswarmmuchoftheplanet,drivingstrongerpolarwinds,somescientiststhinkwarmwatercarriedbyacircularcurrentwillstarttoinvadeEastAntarctica’sonceunassailableice.Acooperationofmorethan60scientistslastyear,publishedinNature,estimatedthattheEAISactuallyaddedabout5billiontonsoficeeachyearfrom1992to2017.

EricRignotoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,andcolleaguescombined40yearsofsatelliteimageryandclimatemodelingandfoundthatoverallAntarcticanowsendssixtimesmoreiceintotheseaeachyearthanitdidin1979,withthemajoritycomingfromWestAntarctica.ButEastAntarcticawasresponsibleformorethan30%ofAntarctica’scontributiontothe13.8-millimetersealevelriseoverthepast40years.“Themorewelookatthissystemthemorewerealizethisisfragile,”Rignotsays.“Oncetheseglaciersbecomeunstablethereisnoredbuttontopresstostopit.”

RignothopesthestudybringsgreaterattentiontoapartofAntarcticathathastraditionallybeenunderstudied.HelenFricker,aglaciologist（冰川学家）inCalifornia,agrees.“WeneedtomonitortheentireAntarcticaandwejustcan’tdothatwithoutinternationalcooperation.”

8．Whatisthenewfindingofscientists?

A．TheeastAntarcticaislosingiceatanincreasingrate.

B．ThewestAntarcticaismeltingsixtimesfasterthanin1979.

C．5billiontonsoficeisaddedtoAntarcticaeachyear.

D．Thesealevelhasrisenby13.8mmoverthepast40years.

9．WhichfactorleadstotheEAIS’smeltingfast?

A．Abasemostlyoversealevel.B．Theforceofgravity.

C．Theinvasionofawarmcurrent.D．Extremelylowtemperature.

10．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“unassailable”underlinedinPara.3?

A．Fragile.B．Unattackable.

C．Mild.D．Unstable.

11．WhichwaydoesHelenFrickerspeciallyadvocate?

A．Satelliteimagery.B．Globalmonitoring.

C．Worldwideclimatemodeling.D．Worldwidecombinedefforts.

Modernlifestylesaregenerallyquitedifferentfromthoseofourhunter-gathererancestors,afactthatsomeclaimasthecauseofthecurrentriseinglobalobesity,butnewresultspublishedJuly25intheopenaccessjournalPLOSONEfindthatthereisnodifferencebetweentheenergyexpenditure（耗费）ofmodernhunter-gatherersandWesterners,castingdoubtonthistheory.

Theresearchteambehindthestudy,ledbyHermanPontzerofHunterCollegeinNewYorkCity,alongwithDavidRaichlenoftheUniversityofArizonaandBrianM.WoodofStanfordmeasureddailyenergyexpenditureamongtheHadza,apopulationoftraditionalhunter-gathererslivingintheopenSavannahofnorthernTanzania.Despitespendingtheirdayshikinglongdistancestoseekforwildplantsandgame,theHadzaburnednomorecalorieseachdaythanadultsintheU.S.andEurope.Theteamranseveralanalysesaccountingfortheeffectsofbodyweight,bodyfatpercentage,age,andgender.Inallanalyses,dailyenergyexpenditureamongtheHadzahunter-gathererswasindistinguishable（难以区分的）fromthatofWesterners.Thestudywasthefirsttomeasureenergyexpenditureinhunter-gatherersdirectly;

previousstudieshadreliedentirelyonestimates.

Thesefindingsoverturnthelong-heldassumptionthatourhunter-gathererancestorsexpendedmoreenergythanmodernpopulations,andchallengetheviewthatobesityinWesternpopulationsresultsfromdecreasedenergyexpenditure.Instead,thesimilarityindailyenergyexpenditureacrossabroadrangeoflifestylessuggeststhathabitualmetabolic（新陈代谢的）ratesarerelativelyconstantamonghumanpopulations.Thisinturnsupportstheviewthatthecurrentriseinobesityisduetoincreasedfoodconsumption,notdecreasedenergyexpenditure.Itmeanswehavemoretolearnabouthumanphysiology（生理学）andhealth,particularlyinnon-Westernsettings.

"

Theseresultshighlightthecomplexityofenergyexpenditure.It'

snotsimplyafunctionofphysicalactivity,"

saysPontzer.”Ourmetabolicratesmaybemoreareflectionofoursharedevolution