高中英语高中英语必考点解题指导考点妙解13 推理判断教案Word文档下载推荐.docx
《高中英语高中英语必考点解题指导考点妙解13 推理判断教案Word文档下载推荐.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高中英语高中英语必考点解题指导考点妙解13 推理判断教案Word文档下载推荐.docx(29页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
3.注意词、句子的本义和与之有关的其他意义。
4.根据己知信息,即短文或有关的文字部分,做出的推断必须与作者的原意相符,切忌以自己的观点取代作者的原意。
推理判断往往包括数据事实推断,常识推断,逻辑结论以及推断作者的写作目的、态度、倾;
向等几种类型。
1.数据事实推断:
这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节。
是比较简单的推断。
首先在原文中找到据以推理的有关文字部分,对与数字有关的推断,只需简单推算,即可得出结果。
对与事实有关的,要加以分析,尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
例题:
HousepricesinEnglandincreasedsharplybetween1971and1972.ThefollowingrecordshowmuchahouseinChelseaLondon,hadriseninpricesince1955:
TakeNo.29SmithTerraceforexample.In1955,JaneGreysoldfor£2,000.MrsBowenaBlackboughtitfor£4,900andsolditnineyearslatertoBillandDreenWhitefor£22,950.Nowfouryearslater.1)Thepriceofthehousewasashighin1972asintheyearJaneGreysoldit.
A.abouttentimesB.twiceC.150percentD.fifteentimes
2)MrsBowenaBlackmadeaprofit(利润)of______.
A.£2,900B.£8,典型例题£7,典型例题D.£18,典型例题Ofallthetenants,whoearnedmost?
A.TheWhites.B.JaneGrey.C.MrsBlack.D.MrWhite.
4)WhendidMrsBlackbuythehouse?
A.1971.B.1972C.1968.D.1959
5)JaneGreylivedatNo.29SmithTerrace
A.forfouryearsB.fornineyears
C.between1971and1972D.before1955
6)IfMrSB1aCkhadwaitedfouryearstosetlthehouseShewouldhaveearnedasmuchas_______.
A.£28,000B.£18,000C.£30,000D.£25,100
以上各题的推理前提均可在原文中找到。
第1题的正确答案须从“In1955,JaneGreys典型例题£2,000,”“…inl972,thehouseisvaluedat£30,000;
”这两句话推知,D项对。
第2题的正确答案应从“MrsBowenaBlackboughtitfor£4,900andsolditnineyearslatertoBillandDreenWhitefor£22,9500'
得知D项对。
第3题的正确答案应从“…JaneGreysoldfor£2,000.MrsBowenaBlackboughtitfor£4,900andso1ditnineyearslatertoBillandDreenWhitefOr£22,950.”推知,MrsBlack获利最多。
第4题须从“MrsBosenaBlack…andsolditnineyears…NOWfouryearslater,inl972….”得知MrsBlack是在1959年买的房子,故D项为正确答案。
第5题可从“Inl955,JaneGreyso1ditfor£2,000.”推知D项正确。
第6题须从“MrsBowenaBlack...£4,900”“...thehouseisvaluedat£30,000”两句话推知D项为正确答案。
2.常识推断:
有些时候,文章里并没有提供任何可据以推断的材料,或虽有提供,但却不足以推出正确的未知事实。
这时便须根据平常积累的有关知识来进行推断。
例:
Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.
Ifmetalisheatedandthencooledveryquicky,forexamplebydippingitinwater,itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle(脆)--thatis,itwillbreakeasily.Metalthathasbeenannealedissoftbutdoesnotbreakaseasily.Itispossibletomakemetalashardorassoftasiswished,byannealingit.Themetalisheated,andallowedtocoolslowlyforacertainlengthoftime.Thelongertheheatedmetaltakestocoolslowly,thesofteritbees.Annealingcanalsobeusedonothermaterials,suchasglass.Whydopeopleputhotmetalinwater?
A.Tomakeithard.B.Tomakeitsoft.C.Tomakeitcool.B.Tomakeitbrittl
从文中“bydippingitinwater,itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle.”这一信息还不足以推出正确答案。
然后根据物理常识,在制造各种工具时,往往采取淬火这一工艺,其目的是使金属变硬以便制成锋利的工具。
即可推出选项A为正确答案。
3.逻辑结论:
这类推断比前两种困难得多。
在阅读过程中,读者必须对文章的全部事实或细节作通盘考虑,从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。
结论是根据事实作出的惟一决定。
要想从一个句子,一个段落或一篇文章中得出正确的结论,读者必须学会善于思考,不断提高自己的逻辑思维能力。
例Haveyoueverheardofasportcalledtubing?
Hundredsofpeoplefloatdownarushingriveratonceinoldtruck-tiretubes.Sometimesmanyholdhands.Atfirsttherideisbumpyandfrightful,forthenarrowriverrushesswiftly.Thentheriverwidensandgrowscalm.Nevertrytubingaloneorinrapids,however.
Thestorysuggeststhattubing________.
A.shouldnotbedoneinmovingwater
B.isdonemainlybytruckdrivers
C.costsalotofmoney
D.canbedangerous
根据文中内容数百人乘坐着旧卡车,轮胎在湍急的河水中向下游漂去,颠簸而可怕,可推知这项运动是十分危险的。
D项为正确答案。
4.推断作者的写作目的、态度,文章的语气等:
这类推断要求对论述对象持何种态度、思想倾向作出判断。
如作者对所陈述的观点是赞成,还是反对,对记叙或描写的人或事等是喜欢,或是厌恶;
是同情或是冷漠。
作者的这种态度和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来,而往往隐含在字里行间,或者流露于修饰的词语之中。
因此要做好这类推断须综观全文,掌握主题思想,并以此为推理的前提,还要注意文章的措辞,把握文章论述的基调。
Somepeopleareneverright.Theyneverhavegoodluck.Theyusuallydothewrongthingandsaythewrongthing.AndevenifwhattheysayordoisOK,theyasarulesayitordoitatthewrongtime.Sothesepeoplealwayshaveproblems.Theyoftenbreakdishes.Theysometimesmissbusesandairplanes.
MrNeffisdifferent.Heisalwaysright.Heisneverwrong.Heusuallyhasgoodluck.Heseldomhasproblems.Heneverbreaksdishes.Henevermissesbusesorairplanes.Evenifhedoesmissthem?
itisalways'
thefaultofthebusesortheairplanes.
MrNeffknowsalmosteverything.Hedoesn'
taskquestions?
heanswersquestions.Heneversays,"
Idon'
tknow."
Idon'
tknowMmNeff.Itseemsthatnotmanypeopleknowher.Isometimeswonderabouther.Isshealwaysright?
Ormaybesheisalwayswrong?
Dcessheoftenbreakdishesormissbuses?
Doesshehaveproblems?
Iwonder.
1)Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkgivesthemostimportanttrait(特性)ofMrNeffscharacter?
A.Heisaverywiseman.
B.Heplanseverythingwell.
C.Heismoralandupright.
D.Heisverysatisfiedwithhimself.
2)WhichofthefollowingdoyouguessistrueofMrsNeff?
A.Sheprobablyobeysherhusbandineverything.
B.Sheprobablyfeelsveryproudtobeahelpofherhusband.
C.Sheprobablyquarrelswithherhusbandallthetime.
D.Sheprobablyfeelsveryhappytohavesuchasuccessfulhusband.
3)Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter'
sattitudetowardsMrNeff?
A.HefindsMrNeffhardtounderstand.
B.HethinksMrNeffwonderful.
C.HefeelspityforMrNeff.
D.HedoesnotlikeMrNeff.
以上各题的答案均没有直接表述在短文里,必须从字里行间悟出作者的言外之意。
本文记叙的是一位一贯正确的人MrNeff。
根据这一主题,可推知他对自己的一切都很满意。
第1题选项D为正确答案。
从MrNeff事事正确,而MrNeff又鲜为人知出发,可得出结论Neff夫人在任何事情上都服从于她丈夫这一事实,故第2题A为正确项。
尽管短文中没有直接陈述作者对MrNeff这一人物的态度,但从主题思想和某些措辞中仍可悟出作者对MrNeff很讨厌这一事实。
如作者在文章中一再使用“Never”,一词,并还写到...Evenifhedoesmissthem,itisalwaySthefaultofthebusesoftheairplanes.”等来暗示他对MrNeff的厌恶之情,故第3题D为正确答案。
在阅读理解题中,有关针对段落或短文的特定细节、主题思想、常识,以及作者的写作态度、目的等的推断题,常见题型有:
1.Wecaninferfromthepassage(paragraph,fact,example...)that_______.
2.Thewritersuggeststhat_______.
3.Fromthepassage(paragraph,story...),wecantell_______.
4.Thepassageimplies,butdoesnotdirectlystatethat_______.
5.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat_______.
6.Thewriter'
s(author'
s)attitudetowardis_______.
7.Thetoneofthepassageis_______.
Ⅰ高考最新热门题
1.(典型例题
TristandaCunha,a38-square-mileisand,isthefarthestinhabitedislandintheworld,accordingtotheGuinnessBookofRecords.Itis1,510mileswestofitsnearestneighour,ST.Helena,and1,950mileswestofAfrica.Discov-eredbythePortugueseadmiral(葡萄牙海军上将)ofthesamenamein15典型例题settledin1810,theisandbelongstoGreatBritainandhasapopulationoffewhundred.
inginaclosesecond--andoftenwronglymentionedasthemostdistantland--isEasterIsland,whichlies1,260mileseastofitsnearestneighbor,PitcairnIsland,and2,300mileswestofSouthAmerica.
Themountainous64-square-mileislandwassettledaroundther5thcentury,supposedlybypeoplewhowerelostatsea.Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyears,givingthemplentyoftimetobuildmorethan1,000hugestonefigures,calledmoai,forwhichtheislandismostfamous.
OnEasterSunday,1722,however,settlersfromHollandmovedinandgavetheislanditsname.today,2,000peopleliveontheChileanterritory(智利领土).Theyshareonestreet,asmallairport,andafewhoursoftelevisionperday.
1.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthattheislandoftristandaCunha_______.
A.wasnamedafteritsdiscoverer
B.gotitsnamefromHollandsettlers
C.wasnamedbytheBritishgovenment
D.gotitsnamefromtheGuinnessBookofRecords
2.Wichofthefollowingismostfamousformoai?
A.TristandaCunha.B.PitcairnIsland
C.EasterIsland.D.St.Helena.
3.WhichcountrydoesEasterIslandbelongto?
A.Britain.B.Hollland.
C.Portugal.D.Chile
命题目的与解题技巧:
本文的命题目的考查学生推理判断能力。
做这类题的技巧在于:
首先在原文中找到据以推理的有关文字部分,借助于一些常识,然后加以分析推理,最终作出判断。
解析:
本文介绍了TristandaCunha岛的来历,地理位置及人们的生活状况。
答案:
1.A这是一道推断题。
从第一段第三句,这小岛名字是以岛屿发现者的名字来命名的。
2.C这理一道细节推断题,可从第二段、第三段,尤其是第三段第二句找到,Easterlsland(复活节岛)是智利在南太平洋上的一个小岛。
3.D这是一道细节推断题,可从第四段找到。
请留意该段中的OnEasterSunday(在复活节上),暗示了EasterIsland(复活节岛)。
此外,该段有ontheChileanterritory(智利领土)的字样,就很容易判断出该哪一个答案了。
2.(典型例题
GarmeswillrocktothesoundofacancandancethisyearwhenMoulinRougebytheAustraliandirectorBazLuhnnannopenstheFrenchfilmfestival(电影节)inMay.ThemusicalstarsNicoleKidmanasasinger,andJohnLeguizamoastheartistHenrideToulouse-Lautrec.ItwillbepetingforthePaimed'
Or,thefestival'
stopprize.ThefestivalrunstoMay21.
TheAmericanactorTommyLeeJones,54,hasmarriedhislongtimegirlfriend.DawnMariaLaurel,36,inaprivateweddinginSanAntonio."
Itwasn'
tabigtodo,'
saidFredBiery,aU.S.DistrictJudgewhoperformedtheservice.Herefusedtodiscussthingsfurther."
Theseareveryprivatepeople,"
hesaid.
LorettaLynnisbeingtreatedforaverybadcoldinTennesseeandwillmissseveralappearances.Thecountrysinger,65,wasadmittedtoahospitalnearherhomeinHurricaneMills."
Sheisingoodcondition,butthedoctorsarewatchingherclosely,"
aspokeswomansaid.
TheFrench-AlgeriansingerEnricoMaciaswasnamedaUnitedNationspeacemessenger.Enricojoinseightotherpeoplewhoactasgoodwillenvoys(使者)fortheUnitedNations,amongthemarethewriterElieWieselandthebasketballplayerMagicJohnson.
1.WecanlearnfromthetextthatHenrideT