英语专业八级改错题.docx
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英语专业八级改错题
X.Proofreadinganderrorcorrection(17passages)
Proofreadinganderrorcorrection(10marks)
Directions:
Thefollowingpassagecontains10errors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsoneerroronly.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingmanner:
Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.
Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“/\”signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.
Foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/”andputthewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.
YouranswerSHOULDbeputontheAnswerSheet.
Passage2
Manyofthecomputingpatternsusedtodayinelementary
arithmetic.Suchastheseforperforminglong[1]______
multiplicationsanddivisions,weredevelopedsolateasthe[2]______
fifteenthcentury.Tworeasonsareusuallyadvancedto
accountforthistardydevelopment,named,themental[3]______
difficultiesandthephysicaldifficultiesencounteredinsuch
work.
Thefirstofthese,thementaldifficulties,mustbe
somewhatdiscounted.Theimpressionwhichtheancient[4]______
numeralsystemsarenotamenabletoeventhesimplest
calculationsislargelybasedonlackoffamiliaritytothese[5]______
systems.Itisclearthatadditionandsubtractioninasimple
groupingsystemrequireonlyabilitytocountthenumber
symbolsofperkindandthentoconverttohigherunits.No[6]______
memorizationofnumbercombinationsisneeded.Ina
cipherednumeralsystem,ifsufficientadditionand
memorizationtableshavebeenmemorized,theworkcan
proceedmuchaswedoittoday.
Thephysicaldifficultiesencountered,therefore,were[7]______
quitereal.Withoutaplentyandconvenientsupplyofsome[8]______
suitablewritingmedium,anyveryextendeddevelopment
ofthearithmeticprocesswasboundtobeinghampered.It[9]______
mustberememberedthatourcommonmachine-madepulp
paperislittlemorethanahundredyearsold.Theolderrag
paperwasmadeinhandandwasconsequentlyexpensive[10]_____
andscarce.
Answer:
1.these:
those2.so:
as3.named:
namely4.which:
that
5.to:
with6.per:
each/every7.therefore:
however
8.plenty:
plentiful9.being:
be10.in:
by
Passage3
Itisindisputableinordertofulfillitsmanyfunctions,water[1]_____
shouldbecleanandbiologicallyvaluable.Thecosts
connectedwiththeprovisionofbiologicallyvaluablewater
forfoodproductionwiththemaintenanceofsufficiently
cleanwater,however,areprimarilyproductioncosts.[2]_____
Purely“environmental”costsseemtobeonthisrespect[3]_____
onlycostsconnectedwiththesafeguardingofcultural,
recreationalandsportsfunctionswhichthewatercourses
andreservoirsfulfillbothinnatureandinhumane[4]_____
settlement.
Thepollutionproblemsoftheatmosphereresemblethose
ofthewateronlypartly.Sofar,thesupplyofairhasnot
beendeficientlikewasthecasewithwater,andthe[5]_____
dimensionsoftheair-shedaresovastthatanumberof
peoplestillholdtheopinionthatairneedsnotbe[6]_____
economized.However,scientificforecastshaveshownthat
thetimemaybealreadyapproachingthatclearand[7]_____
biologicallyvaluableairwillbecomeproblemNo.1.
Airbeubiquitous,peopleareparticularlysensitiveabout[8]______
anyreductioninthequalityoftheatmosphere,the
increasedcontentsofdustandgaseousexhalations,and
particularlyaboutthepresenceofodors.Thedemandon[9]______
purityofatmosphere,therefore,emanatesmuchmorefrom
thepopulationitselfthanthespecificsectorsofthenational[10]______
economyaffectedbyapollutedorevenbiologically
aggressiveatmosphere.
Answer:
1.indisputable/\:
that2.however:
therefore3.on:
in
4.humane:
human5.like:
as6.needs:
need
7.that:
when8.be:
being9.on:
for10.than/\:
from
Passage4
Duringthe1970’s,agrownnumberofscientistsstarted[1]______
wonderingwhethersolaractivitymighthaveadirecteffect
intheearth’sweather.Researchhadindicatedageneral[2]______
connectionbetweenthecycleofsunspotsandchangesin
atmosphereconditionsonearth.Untilrecently,scientists
hadbeenabletosubstantiatethelinkwithharddata.[3]_____
Nowaconsensusisdevelopingwhichthereisastatistical[4]_____
correlationbetweensunspotsandclimatechanges.Sunspot
activityhadbeentiedwithdirectionalchangesincertain[5]_____
stratospheric(同温层的)windsatequator.Whenthe[6]_____
windsareblowingwestwardandsunspotactivityisnearan
11-yearpeak,thesoutheasternUnitedStateshasan
abnormalcoldwinter.Theactivityalsoseemstoaffectthe[7]_____
trackoftheNorthAmericanjetstreamandstormsinthe
NorthAtlanticOcean.
Asfarthedatahaswithstoodthetestsofskeptics.Achief[8]____
scientistoftheU.S.NationalWeatherService,whose
businessistosubjectstatisticalcorrelationtovigorous
analysis,isamongthemanyconvertstothenewtheory.He
believesthatwhetherthecorrelationoccurredbychance,it[9]______
shouldhavefailedtestingbynow.However,itpassedwith
flyingcolors,causingmeteorologistsattheNational
WeatherServicereactwithguardedoptimism.Asoneputit,[10]_____
“itcouldbethedifferencebetweenaso-soforecastanda
prettygoodone.”
Answer:
1.grown:
growing2.in:
on3.able:
unable4.which:
that
5.with:
to6.at:
above7.abnormal:
abnormally
8.As:
So9.whether:
if10./\react:
to
Passage5
Despiteoftheirmanydifferencesoftemperamentandofliterary[1]_____
perspective,Emerson,Thoreau,Hawthorne,Melville,and
Whitmansharecertainbeliefs.Commontoallthesewritersistheir
humanisticperspective.Itsbasicpremisesarethathumansarethe
spiritualcenteroftheuniverseandinthemaloneistheclueto[2]_____
nature,history,andultimatelythecosmosthemselves.Without[3]______
denyingoutrighttheexistenceeitherofadeityorofbrutematter,
thisperspectivethusrejectsthemasexclusiveprinciplesof[4]______
interpretationandpreferstoexplaininghumansandtheworldin[5]_____
termsofhumanityitself.Thispreferenceisexpressedmostclearly
intheTranscendentalistprinciplethatthestructureoftheuniverse
literallyduplicatesthestructureoftheindividualself;however,all[6]_____
knowledgebeginswithself-knowledge.
Thiscommonperspectiveisalmostalwaysuniversalized.Its
emphasisisnotupontheindividualasaparticularEuropeanor
American,whileuponthehumanasuniversal,freedfromthe[7]_____
accidentsoftimes,space,birth,andtalent.Thus,forEmerson,the
“Americanscholar”turnstobesimply“Manthinking”;while,for[8]_____
Whitman,the“SongofMyself”mergesimperceptiblyintoasong
ofallthe“childrenofAdam,”where“everyatombelongedtome
asgoodbelongstoyou.”
Alsocommontoallfivewritersisthebeliefthatindividualvirtueand
happinessdependuponself-realization,which,inturn,dependsuponthe
harmoniousreconciliationoftwouniversalpsychologicaltendencies:
first,
theself-assertingimpulseoftheindividualtowithdraw,toremainuniqueand
separate,andberesponsibleonlyforhimselforherselfandsecond,the[9]_____
self-transcendingimpulseoftheindividualtoembracethewholeworldinthe
experienceofasinglemomentandknowandbecomeonewiththatworld.[10]___
Answer:
1.despiteof:
deleteof2./\inthem:
that3.themselves:
itself
4.thus:
nevertheless5.explaining:
explain6.however:
therefore
7.while:
but8.turn/\:
out9.for:
to10./\know:
to
Passage6
Hitlerandhismekilledover5,000,000peoplebecausetheywere
Jewishorwerenottheirdefinitionof“normal”.TheKuKluxKlan
existtodayandopenlyprofessesitshatredtowardsJewsandcolor[1]______
people.Oursocietyisriddledwithsuchhatredbaseduponpeoples’
beliefsandoriginsanditseemsmillionsarefightingeachotherinno[2]______
relevantreasonatall.Idobelievethatwecangreatlyreducetheamount
ofprejudiceinourworldtoday,yetIdonotthinkthatitwillever
completelygoaway.Thesocietyhasseeminglycometoacceptallraces,[3]______
religions,andgenders,andsupposedlyhasachievedpoliticalcorrectness,
yettherewillforeverbeindividualswhodiscriminatedbaseduponthese[4]_____
issues.Theseindividualsoftenformlargegroupsthatrecruitnewmembers
toenforcetheirhatredofthosewithcertainreligionorskintone.[5]_____
Obviously,noonecantellthosepeoplethattheycannothavetheir
ownopinionsorbeliefs,fortheyhavetherighttohatewhomtheylike.[6]_____
However,Ibelieveweneedtoraiseourchildrentoacceptallpeople,no
mattergodtheydoordonotbelieveinorwhatcolorskintheymay[7]_____
have.Ifchildrenareraisedaroundpeoplewhoarenotthesameasthey
are,thentheywillmostlikelynotthinkanythingdifferentfrompeople[8]______
whodonotlookthesameasthemorbelievewhattheybelieve.Ifwe
raiseourchildrentobelieveallpeopleareequaltothestart,then[9]______
prejudicewillslowlydisintegrateovertime.We,asthehumanrace,
needtofocusonnotjudgingpeoplebeforeweknowthemwhotheyare.[10]_____
Today,therearesomanydifferentpeopleinthisworldthatstereotypes
arealmostalwaysincorrect,asmanypeoplechoosenottobefollowers,
buttobeindividuals.
Answer:
1.color:
colored2.in:
for3.Thesociety:
deletethe
4.discriminated:
discriminate5.with/\certain:
a
6.whom:
whomever7.nomatter/\god:
what8.from:
of
9.tothestart:
from10.