GUI Basicsand GUILayout ModeWord格式文档下载.docx

GUI Basicsand GUILayout ModeWord格式文档下载.docx

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））{

Application.LoadLevel

（1）;

}

//Makethesecondbutton.

if（GUI.Button（Rect（20,70,80,20）,"

Level2"

Application.LoadLevel

（2）;

}

Thisexampleisacomplete,functionallevelloader.Ifyoucopy/pastethisscriptandattachita 

GameObject,you'

llseethefollowingmenuappearinwhenyouenter 

PlayMode:

TheLoaderMenucreatedbytheexamplecode

Let'

stakealookatthedetailsoftheexamplecode:

ThefirstGUIline, 

GUI.Box（Rect（10,10,100,90）,"

displaysa 

Box 

Controlwiththeheadertext"

.ItfollowsthetypicalGUIControldeclarationschemewhichwe'

llexploremomentarily.

ThenextGUIlineisa 

Button 

Controldeclaration.NoticethatitisslightlydifferentfromtheBoxControldeclaration.Specifically,theentireButtondeclarationisplacedinsidean 

if 

statement.WhenthegameisrunningandtheButtonisclicked,this 

statementreturnstrueandanycodeinsidethe 

blockisexecuted.

Sincethe 

codegetscalledeveryframe,youdon'

tneedtoexplicitlycreateordestroyGUIcontrols.ThelinethatdeclarestheControlisthesameonethatcreatesit.IfyouneedtodisplayControlsatspecifictimes,youcanuseanykindofscriptinglogictodoso.

/*Flashingbuttonexample*/

if（Time.time%2<

1）{

if（GUI.Button（Rect（10,10,200,20）,"

Meettheflashingbutton"

print（"

Youclickedme!

"

}

Here, 

GUI.Button（） 

onlygetscalledeveryothersecond,sothebuttonwillappearanddisappear.Naturally,theusercanonlyclickitwhenthebuttonisvisible.

Asyoucansee,youcanuseanydesiredlogictocontrolwhenGUIControlsaredisplayedandfunctional.NowwewillexplorethedetailsofeachControl'

sdeclaration.

AnatomyofaControl

TherearethreekeypiecesofinformationrequiredwhendeclaringaGUIControl:

Type 

（Position, 

Content）

Observethatthisstructureisafunctionwithtwoarguments.We'

llexplorethedetailsofthisstructurenow.

Type

isthe 

ControlType,andisdeclaredbycallingafunctioninUnity'

s 

GUIclass 

orthe 

GUILayoutclass,whichisdiscussedatlengthinthe 

LayoutModes 

sectionoftheGuide.Forexample, 

GUI.Label（） 

willcreateanon-interactivelabel.Allthedifferentcontroltypesareexplainedlater,inthe 

sectionoftheGuide.

Position

The 

Position 

isthefirstargumentinany 

GUI 

Controlfunction.Theargumentitselfisprovidedwitha 

Rect（） 

function. 

definesfourproperties:

left-mostposition, 

top-mostposition, 

totalwidth, 

totalheight.Allofthesevaluesareprovidedin 

integers,whichcorrespondtopixelvalues.AllUnityGUIcontrolsworkin 

ScreenSpace,whichistheresolutionofthepublishedplayerinpixels.

Thecoordinatesystemistop-leftbased. 

Rect（10,20,300,100） 

definesaRectanglethatstartsatcoordinates:

0,20andendsatcoordinates310,120.Itisworthrepeatingthatthesecondpairofvaluesin 

aretotalwidthandheight,notthecoordinateswherethecontrolsend.Thisiswhytheexamplementionedaboveendsat310,120andnot300,100.

Youcanusethe 

Screen.width 

and 

Screen.height 

propertiestogetthetotaldimensionsofthescreenspaceavailableintheplayer.Thefollowingexamplemayhelpclarifyhowthisisdone:

/*Screen.width&

Screen.heightexample*/

GUI.Box（Rect（0,0,100,50）,"

Top-left"

GUI.Box（Rect（Screen.width-100,0,100,50）,"

Top-right"

GUI.Box（Rect（0,Screen.height-50,100,50）,"

Bottom-left"

GUI.Box（Rect（Screen.width-100,Screen.height-50,100,50）,"

Bottom-right"

TheBoxespositionedbytheaboveexample

Content

ThesecondargumentforaGUIControlistheactualcontenttobedisplayedwiththeControl.MostoftenyouwillwanttodisplaysometextoranimageonyourControl.Todisplaytext,passastringastheContentargumentlikethis:

/*StringContentexample*/

GUI.Label（Rect（0,0,100,50）,"

ThisisthetextstringforaLabelControl"

Todisplayanimage,declarea 

Texture2D 

publicvariable,andpassthevariablenameasthecontentargumentlikethis:

/*Texture2DContentexample*/

varcontrolTexture:

Texture2D;

GUI.Label（Rect（0,0,100,50）,controlTexture）;

Hereisanexampleclosertoareal-worldscenario:

/*ButtonContentexamples*/

varicon:

if（GUI.Button（Rect（10,10,100,50）,icon））{

print（"

youclickedtheicon"

if（GUI.Button（Rect（10,70,100,20）,"

Thisistext"

youclickedthetextbutton"

TheButtonscreatedbytheaboveexample

ThereisathirdoptionwhichallowsyoutodisplayimagesandtexttogetherinaGUIControl.Youcanprovidea 

GUIContent 

objectastheContentargument,anddefinethestringandimagetobedisplayedwithintheGUIContent.

/*UsingGUIContenttodisplayanimageandastring*/

GUI.Box（Rect（10,10,100,50）,GUIContent（"

icon））;

Youcanalsodefinea 

Tooltip 

intheGUIContent,anddisplayitelsewhereintheGUIwhenthemousehoversoverit.

/*UsingGUIContenttodisplayatooltip*/

//Thislinefeeds"

Thisisthetooltip"

intoGUI.tooltip

GUI.Button（Rect（10,10,100,20）,GUIContent（"

Clickme"

"

））;

//ThislinereadsanddisplaysthecontentsofGUI.tooltip

GUI.Label（Rect（10,40,100,20）,GUI.tooltip）;

Ifyou'

redaringyoucanalsouseGUIContenttodisplayastring,anicon,andatooltip!

/*UsingGUIContenttodisplayanimage,astring,andatooltip*/

icon,"

Thescriptingreferencepagefor 

GUIContent'

sconstructor 

foranextensivelistofexamples.

LayoutModes

FixedLayoutvsAutomaticLayout

TherearetwodifferentmodesyoucanusetoarrangeandorganizeyourGUIs:

FixedandAutomatic.Upuntilnow,everyUnityGUIexampleprovidedinthisguidehasusedFixedLayout.TouseAutomaticLayout,write 

GUILayout 

insteadof 

whencallingcontrolfunctions.YoudonothavetouseoneLayoutmodeovertheother,andyoucanusebothmodesatonceinthesame 

FixedLayoutmakessensetousewhenyouhaveapre-designedinterfacetoworkfrom.AutomaticLayoutmakessensetousewhenyoudon'

tknowhowmanyelementsyouneedupfront,ordon'

twanttoworryabouthand-positioningeachControl.Forexample,ifyouarecreatinganumberofdifferentbuttonsbasedonSaveGamefiles,youdon'

tknowexactlyhowmanybuttonswillbedrawn.InthiscaseAutomaticLayoutmightmakemoresense.Itisreallydependentonthedesignofyourgameandhowyouwanttopresentyourinterface.

TherearetwokeydifferenceswhenusingAutomaticLayout:

∙GUILayout 

isusedinsteadof 

GUI

∙No 

functionisrequiredforAutomaticLayoutControls

/*TwokeydifferenceswhenusingAutomaticLayout*/

//FixedLayout

GUI.Button（Rect（25,25,100,30）,"

IamaFixedLayoutButton"

//AutomaticLayout

GUILayout.Button（"

IamanAutomaticLayoutButton"

ArrangingControls

DependingonwhichLayoutModeyou'

reusing,therearedifferenthooksforcontrollingwhereyourControlsarepositionedandhowtheyaregroupedtogether.InFixedLayout,youcanputdifferentControlsinto 

Groups.InAutomaticLayout,youcanputdifferentControlsinto 

Areas, 

HorizontalGroups,and 

VerticalGroups

FixedLayout-Groups

GroupsareaconventionavailableinFixedLayoutMode.TheyallowyoutodefineareasofthescreenthatcontainmultipleControls.YoudefinewhichControlsareinsideaGroupbyusingthe 

GUI.BeginGroup（） 

GUI.EndGroup（） 

functions.AllControlsinsideaGroupwillbepositionedbasedontheGroup'

stop-leftcornerinsteadofthescreen'

stop-leftcorner.Thisway,ifyourepositionthegroupatruntime,therelativepositionsofallControlsinthegroupwillbemaintained.

Asanexample,it'

sveryeasytocentermultipleControlson-screen.

/*CentermultipleControlsonthescreenusingGroups*/

//Makeagrouponthecenterofthescreen

GUI.BeginGroup（Rect（Screen.width/2-50,Screen.height/2-50,100,100））;

//Allrectanglesarenowadjustedtothegroup.（0,0）isthetopleftcornerofthegroup.

//We'

llmakeaboxsoyoucanseewherethegroupison-screen.

GUI.Box（Rect（0,0,100,100）,"

Groupishere"

GUI.Button（Rect（10,40,80,30）,"

//Endthegroupwestartedabove.Thisisveryimportanttoremember!

GUI.EndGroup（）;

Theaboveexamplecenterscontrolsregardlessofthescreenresolution

YoucanalsonestmultipleGroupsinsideeachother.Whenyoudothis,eachgrouphasitscontentsclippedtoitsparent'

sspace.

/*UsingmultipleGroupstoclipthedisplayedContents*/

varbgImage:

//backgroundimagethatis256x32

varfgImage:

//foregroundimagethatis256x32

varplayerEnergy=1.0;

//afloatbetween0.0and1.0

fun