英语分词与动名词教师文档格式.docx

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英语分词与动名词教师文档格式.docx

状语

动词的ing形式

不定式

过去分词

2.动名词在句中充当的成分

作_____

Askingforhelpissometimesnecessary.Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.Teachingofferssomethingbesidesmoneyandpower.

______

Seeingisbelieving.

作以下及物动词及词组的的_____

建议冒险去献身:

advise,suggest,risk,devoteoneselfto

忍受期待不停顿:

bear/stand(忍受),lookforwardto,stop

放弃延期悔失去:

giveup,delay,putoff,regret,miss

坚持欣赏(想)要(实)践(完)成:

keep(on)/insiston/stickto,enjoy/appreciate,feellike,practice,finish

注意原谅避反对:

payattentionto,excuse,escape,avoid,objectto

考虑要求不自禁:

consider,require,cannothelp

允许习惯不介意:

forbid;

permit,be/getusedto/beaccustomedto,mind

值得开始想动名:

beworth,setabout,imagine

Themotherdidagreetolettheboyriskswimmingacrosstheriver.

Hiswifedoesn'

tallowsmokinginsidetheroombutallowshimtosmokeoutsidetheroom.

Alloftheminsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger.

I'

mlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.

Beingillforafewdays,shedoesn'

tfeellikeeatinganything.

另在want,need,require等动词后,常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思(主语与动名词之间存在逻

辑上的动宾关系)。

Myhairneedscutting.(=______________________.)

作______

它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。

Thefactorybuiltaswimmingpoollastyear.游泳池

Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.教学方法

注意:

动名词的复合结构

动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格+动名词构成。

如果不是在句子开头,这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格+动名词构成,在句中可作主语、宾语等。

例如:

Doyoumindmy/meclosingthedoor?

Myclosingthedoormadehimangry.

Ican’tstandLaoChang’s/LaoGaotalkinglikethataboutothercomrades.

动名词的某些固定结构

▲Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,)等名词+doingsth.

Itisnousecrying.Itisnogoodobjecting.Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.

▲Itis+useless+doingsth.

Itisuselessspeaking.

▲beonthepointof+doing

Hewasonthepointofleaving.

▲on(upon)+doing

Onhearingthenews,Ichangedmyplans.(=_________Iheardthenews,Ichangedmyplans.)

▲go+doing(大部分指运动和游戏)

Hewentshopping/hiking/swimming/fishingetc.

▲动名词短语常用在以下结构中

havedifficulty(in)+doingsth

havetrouble(in)+doingsth

havefun(in)+doingsth/

haveagoodtime(in)+doingsth/haveahardtime(in)+doingsth

▲feellikedoing=wouldliketodo

Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?

你想看电影吗?

Idon'

tfeellikereadingtonight.今晚我不想读书。

3.分词在句中充当的成分

作______。

单个分词放在所修饰的名词前;

分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。

在意思上接近一个定语从句。

Chinaisadevelopingsocialistcountry.Themanwritingtheobituary(讣告)ismyfriend.

(=Theman___________theobituaryismyfriend.)

Thebrokenglassscatteredontheground.

注:

现在分词与过去分词都可作定语,但现在分词表达的是______的事情,有主动意义;

而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情,有_____意义。

作表语、宾语补足语。

能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see,hear,keep,find,notice,watch,think,want,smell,observe等。

Thestoryisboring.

Ifoundhimreadinganovel.Ifoundhimsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.

作状语。

分词作状语可以表示时间,原因,条件,结果,伴随情况。

Havingreadalltherequiredpapers,heansweredthequestionsfluently.

Beingshortofmoney,Idecidedtoapplyforthework.

Seriouslyinjured,Allenwasrushedtothehospital.

Ifgoingtherebyplane,we’llhavetopaytwiceasmuch.

Unlessaskedtoanswerquestions,thepupilswerenotsupposedtotalkinMrsSmith’sclass.Thefarmerused 

anewinsecticide,thusraisingtheaverageyieldby15%.

Hesatinarockingchair,watchingTV.

分词的特殊结构

独立主格(包括不定式)

有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,这时分词须带上自身的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。

种结构在句中多作伴随状语。

亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。

Thatbeingthecase,we’dbettermakesomechangesintheplan.

Weatherpermitting,wewillgoout.==

Hismother______(come)tonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.

Thebook______(written)insimpleEnglish,Englishbeginnerswereabletoreadit.

“with或without+名词或代词+分词”的复合结构(包括不定式)

常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。

Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.

Withhishomework_____(do),Peterwentouttoplay.

Thelittleboylookssad,withsomuchhomework____(do).

某些固定结构

generally/franklyspeaking…,judgingfrom/by…中,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。

Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.

Franklyspeaking,Idon'

tlikehimatall.

catch+宾语+doing

Icaughtthemstealingmyapples.

Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,she'

llbefurious.

有些现在分词可以作介词用:

如concerning,considering,regarding,respecting等。

Consideringhisage,heistall.Ihavenothingtosayconcerninghisspeech.

III.非谓语动词比较

1.做主语和宾语时的比较

一般来说,不定式和动名词成份相同时,表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示,而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。

Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.

Tocleantheclassroomishisjobtoday.

Ilikeswimming,butIdon'

tliketoswimtodaybecauseIdon'

tfeelwell.

注意下列重点内容:

有些词后面既可以接不定式.亦可接动名词,但其意义有很大区别,须特别注意

A.remember,forget,regret接动名词,表示完成意义(=havingdone),接不定式,表示将来意义

PleaseremembertobringmethebookIwantnexttime.

Irememberseeingher(=havingseenher)somewherebefore.

Don'

tforgettowritetomesoon.

Ineverforgetvisiting(=havingvisited)themforthefirsttime.

Iregretmissingthatgoodfilmlastweek.

Iregretnottaking(nothavingtaken)youradvice.

IregrettosayIcan'

ttakeyouradvice.

B.mean:

meantodomeandoing:

IamsorryIdidn'

tmeantohurtyourfeelings,

Imeanttocallonyou,butIwassobusy.

Learningaforeignlanguagedoesn'

tmeanjustworkinginclass.

C.stop:

stoptodostopdoing

D.try:

trytodo,trydoing:

Hesearchedeverywhereandtriedtofindhiskey.

Themotherisoutandtheboyhadtotrycookingforhimself.

E.want,need,require接动名词表示被动意义,接不定式就要i用被动式,这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。

Theseyoungtreesrequirelookingafter(=tobelookedafter).

Thematterneedsthinkingover(=tobethoughtover).

F.goon:

goontodo继续干和原来不同的另一件事(不定式作目的状语)

goondoing继续干原来同一件事(动名词作宾语)

Afterasmoke,hewentontellingusthatinterestingstory.

Afterwritingthecompositionhewentontoworkouthismathsproblems.

G.动词advise,allow,permit,forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词,接复合宾语时用动词不定式。

Doctorsadvisegivingupsmokingtobenefitone'

shealth.(放弃)

Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmokingsoastoimprovehishealth.(放弃)

Shedoesn'

tallow(permit)smokinginherroom.(允许)

H.beconsideredtohavedoneconsider…tobeconsiderdoing

I.be(get)usedtodoingbeusedtodoJ.can’thelpdoingcan’thelptodo

2.做宾补时的比较

不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为,以及将来意义的行为。

现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为,亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。

过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态,及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义,不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。

WhenIcamein,Isawherdancinghappily.

IoftenhearhersingsongsinEnglishinherroom.

Theyhadthelightsburningallnightlong.

IsawLiPingpassbyandenterthenextroomjustnow.

Themotherwillhavethedoctorexaminehersonagain.

TomorrowI'

llhavemyhaircut.

WhenIgothomeIfoundthewindowbrokenandthethiefgoneawayalready.

Whentheyreturnedtotheirhometown,afteranabsenceoftwentyyears,theyfoundeverythingchanged.

3.做表语时的比较

经常性和一次性行为的区别

Herjobiscleaningoffices.Ourjobtodayistocleantheoffice.

4.做定语时的比较

不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。

在时态上常是将来意义,现在分词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义;

过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。

此外,不定式做定语时只能后置,不可前置,而单个分词做定语可前置,分词短语做定语则须后置。

动名词做定语,须前置,且要重读,它表明先行词的用途。

而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。

aswimmingboy=aboywhoisswimmingaswimmingpool=apoolforswimming

theboilingwater=thewaterthatisboiling  drinkingwater=waterfordrinking

TodayIhavealettertowrite.  Pleasefindamantohelpus.

5.做状语时的比较(略)

总之,不定式表将来,现在分词表主动进行,过去分词表示被动完成。

1.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposed_________assoonaspossible.

  A.tobesentB.tosendC.beingsent     D.sending

2.Ifeelgreatlyhonored_________intotheirsociety.

  A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed

  3.Itisworthconsideringwhatmakes“convenience”foodssopopular,and______betteronesofyourown.

  A.introduces B.tointroduceC.introducingD.introduced

  4.Asnewdriver.Ihavetopractice_______thecarinmysmallgarageagainandagain.

  A.parking B.toparkC.parked D.Dark

  5.Ihearthey'

vepromotedTom.buthedidn'

tmention______whenwetalkedonthephone.

  A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted

  6.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried_________alone.butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.

  A.living B.toliveC.tobelivingD.havingrived

  7.Duetotheheavyrainandflooding,tenmillionpeoplehavebeenforced_________theirhomes.

  A.leaving  B.toleaveC.tobeleft D.beingleft

  8.Thedirectorhadherassistant________somehotdogsforthemeeting.

  A.pickedup B.picksupC.pickup  D.pickingup

  9.Ifwehaveillegalimmigrants_________in,manylocalworkerswilllosetheirjobs.

  A.came B.comingC.tocomeD.havingcome

  10.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish_________asmuchaswecan.

  A.speak B.speakingC.spoken D.tospeak

  11.Ifthereisalotofwork_________.I’mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.

  A.todo  B.tobedoing C.done D.doing

  12.Itisoneofthefunniestthings_________ontheInternetsofarthisyear.

  A.finding  B.beingfoundC.tofind  D.found

  13.—Canthose_________atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?

    —Noproblem.

  A.seat    B.sit     C.seated    D.sat

  14.Thetrees_________

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