英语分词与动名词教师文档格式.docx
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状语
动词的ing形式
不定式
△
过去分词
2.动名词在句中充当的成分
作_____
Askingforhelpissometimesnecessary.Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.Teachingofferssomethingbesidesmoneyandpower.
______
Seeingisbelieving.
作以下及物动词及词组的的_____
建议冒险去献身:
advise,suggest,risk,devoteoneselfto
忍受期待不停顿:
bear/stand(忍受),lookforwardto,stop
放弃延期悔失去:
giveup,delay,putoff,regret,miss
坚持欣赏(想)要(实)践(完)成:
keep(on)/insiston/stickto,enjoy/appreciate,feellike,practice,finish
注意原谅避反对:
payattentionto,excuse,escape,avoid,objectto
考虑要求不自禁:
consider,require,cannothelp
允许习惯不介意:
forbid;
permit,be/getusedto/beaccustomedto,mind
值得开始想动名:
beworth,setabout,imagine
Themotherdidagreetolettheboyriskswimmingacrosstheriver.
Hiswifedoesn'
tallowsmokinginsidetheroombutallowshimtosmokeoutsidetheroom.
Alloftheminsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger.
I'
mlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.
Beingillforafewdays,shedoesn'
tfeellikeeatinganything.
另在want,need,require等动词后,常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思(主语与动名词之间存在逻
辑上的动宾关系)。
Myhairneedscutting.(=______________________.)
作______
它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。
Thefactorybuiltaswimmingpoollastyear.游泳池
Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.教学方法
注意:
动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格+动名词构成。
如果不是在句子开头,这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格+动名词构成,在句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如:
Doyoumindmy/meclosingthedoor?
Myclosingthedoormadehimangry.
Ican’tstandLaoChang’s/LaoGaotalkinglikethataboutothercomrades.
动名词的某些固定结构
▲Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,)等名词+doingsth.
Itisnousecrying.Itisnogoodobjecting.Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.
▲Itis+useless+doingsth.
Itisuselessspeaking.
▲beonthepointof+doing
Hewasonthepointofleaving.
▲on(upon)+doing
Onhearingthenews,Ichangedmyplans.(=_________Iheardthenews,Ichangedmyplans.)
▲go+doing(大部分指运动和游戏)
Hewentshopping/hiking/swimming/fishingetc.
▲动名词短语常用在以下结构中
havedifficulty(in)+doingsth
havetrouble(in)+doingsth
havefun(in)+doingsth/
haveagoodtime(in)+doingsth/haveahardtime(in)+doingsth
▲feellikedoing=wouldliketodo
Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?
你想看电影吗?
Idon'
tfeellikereadingtonight.今晚我不想读书。
3.分词在句中充当的成分
作______。
单个分词放在所修饰的名词前;
分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。
在意思上接近一个定语从句。
Chinaisadevelopingsocialistcountry.Themanwritingtheobituary(讣告)ismyfriend.
(=Theman___________theobituaryismyfriend.)
Thebrokenglassscatteredontheground.
注:
现在分词与过去分词都可作定语,但现在分词表达的是______的事情,有主动意义;
而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情,有_____意义。
作表语、宾语补足语。
能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see,hear,keep,find,notice,watch,think,want,smell,observe等。
Thestoryisboring.
Ifoundhimreadinganovel.Ifoundhimsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.
作状语。
分词作状语可以表示时间,原因,条件,结果,伴随情况。
Havingreadalltherequiredpapers,heansweredthequestionsfluently.
Beingshortofmoney,Idecidedtoapplyforthework.
Seriouslyinjured,Allenwasrushedtothehospital.
Ifgoingtherebyplane,we’llhavetopaytwiceasmuch.
Unlessaskedtoanswerquestions,thepupilswerenotsupposedtotalkinMrsSmith’sclass.Thefarmerused
anewinsecticide,thusraisingtheaverageyieldby15%.
Hesatinarockingchair,watchingTV.
分词的特殊结构
独立主格(包括不定式)
有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,这时分词须带上自身的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。
这
种结构在句中多作伴随状语。
亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。
Thatbeingthecase,we’dbettermakesomechangesintheplan.
Weatherpermitting,wewillgoout.==
Hismother______(come)tonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.
Thebook______(written)insimpleEnglish,Englishbeginnerswereabletoreadit.
“with或without+名词或代词+分词”的复合结构(包括不定式)
常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。
Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.
Withhishomework_____(do),Peterwentouttoplay.
Thelittleboylookssad,withsomuchhomework____(do).
某些固定结构
generally/franklyspeaking…,judgingfrom/by…中,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。
Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.
Franklyspeaking,Idon'
tlikehimatall.
catch+宾语+doing
Icaughtthemstealingmyapples.
Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,she'
llbefurious.
有些现在分词可以作介词用:
如concerning,considering,regarding,respecting等。
Consideringhisage,heistall.Ihavenothingtosayconcerninghisspeech.
III.非谓语动词比较
1.做主语和宾语时的比较
一般来说,不定式和动名词成份相同时,表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示,而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。
Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.
Tocleantheclassroomishisjobtoday.
Ilikeswimming,butIdon'
tliketoswimtodaybecauseIdon'
tfeelwell.
注意下列重点内容:
有些词后面既可以接不定式.亦可接动名词,但其意义有很大区别,须特别注意
A.remember,forget,regret接动名词,表示完成意义(=havingdone),接不定式,表示将来意义
PleaseremembertobringmethebookIwantnexttime.
Irememberseeingher(=havingseenher)somewherebefore.
Don'
tforgettowritetomesoon.
Ineverforgetvisiting(=havingvisited)themforthefirsttime.
Iregretmissingthatgoodfilmlastweek.
Iregretnottaking(nothavingtaken)youradvice.
IregrettosayIcan'
ttakeyouradvice.
B.mean:
meantodomeandoing:
IamsorryIdidn'
tmeantohurtyourfeelings,
Imeanttocallonyou,butIwassobusy.
Learningaforeignlanguagedoesn'
tmeanjustworkinginclass.
C.stop:
stoptodostopdoing
D.try:
trytodo,trydoing:
Hesearchedeverywhereandtriedtofindhiskey.
Themotherisoutandtheboyhadtotrycookingforhimself.
E.want,need,require接动名词表示被动意义,接不定式就要i用被动式,这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。
Theseyoungtreesrequirelookingafter(=tobelookedafter).
Thematterneedsthinkingover(=tobethoughtover).
F.goon:
goontodo继续干和原来不同的另一件事(不定式作目的状语)
goondoing继续干原来同一件事(动名词作宾语)
Afterasmoke,hewentontellingusthatinterestingstory.
Afterwritingthecompositionhewentontoworkouthismathsproblems.
G.动词advise,allow,permit,forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词,接复合宾语时用动词不定式。
Doctorsadvisegivingupsmokingtobenefitone'
shealth.(放弃)
Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmokingsoastoimprovehishealth.(放弃)
Shedoesn'
tallow(permit)smokinginherroom.(允许)
H.beconsideredtohavedoneconsider…tobeconsiderdoing
I.be(get)usedtodoingbeusedtodoJ.can’thelpdoingcan’thelptodo
2.做宾补时的比较
不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为,以及将来意义的行为。
现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为,亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。
过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态,及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义,不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。
WhenIcamein,Isawherdancinghappily.
IoftenhearhersingsongsinEnglishinherroom.
Theyhadthelightsburningallnightlong.
IsawLiPingpassbyandenterthenextroomjustnow.
Themotherwillhavethedoctorexaminehersonagain.
TomorrowI'
llhavemyhaircut.
WhenIgothomeIfoundthewindowbrokenandthethiefgoneawayalready.
Whentheyreturnedtotheirhometown,afteranabsenceoftwentyyears,theyfoundeverythingchanged.
3.做表语时的比较
经常性和一次性行为的区别
Herjobiscleaningoffices.Ourjobtodayistocleantheoffice.
4.做定语时的比较
不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。
在时态上常是将来意义,现在分词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义;
过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。
此外,不定式做定语时只能后置,不可前置,而单个分词做定语可前置,分词短语做定语则须后置。
动名词做定语,须前置,且要重读,它表明先行词的用途。
而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。
aswimmingboy=aboywhoisswimmingaswimmingpool=apoolforswimming
theboilingwater=thewaterthatisboiling drinkingwater=waterfordrinking
TodayIhavealettertowrite. Pleasefindamantohelpus.
5.做状语时的比较(略)
总之,不定式表将来,现在分词表主动进行,过去分词表示被动完成。
1.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposed_________assoonaspossible.
A.tobesentB.tosendC.beingsent D.sending
2.Ifeelgreatlyhonored_________intotheirsociety.
A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed
3.Itisworthconsideringwhatmakes“convenience”foodssopopular,and______betteronesofyourown.
A.introduces B.tointroduceC.introducingD.introduced
4.Asnewdriver.Ihavetopractice_______thecarinmysmallgarageagainandagain.
A.parking B.toparkC.parked D.Dark
5.Ihearthey'
vepromotedTom.buthedidn'
tmention______whenwetalkedonthephone.
A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted
6.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried_________alone.butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.
A.living B.toliveC.tobelivingD.havingrived
7.Duetotheheavyrainandflooding,tenmillionpeoplehavebeenforced_________theirhomes.
A.leaving B.toleaveC.tobeleft D.beingleft
8.Thedirectorhadherassistant________somehotdogsforthemeeting.
A.pickedup B.picksupC.pickup D.pickingup
9.Ifwehaveillegalimmigrants_________in,manylocalworkerswilllosetheirjobs.
A.came B.comingC.tocomeD.havingcome
10.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish_________asmuchaswecan.
A.speak B.speakingC.spoken D.tospeak
11.Ifthereisalotofwork_________.I’mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.
A.todo B.tobedoing C.done D.doing
12.Itisoneofthefunniestthings_________ontheInternetsofarthisyear.
A.finding B.beingfoundC.tofind D.found
13.—Canthose_________atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?
—Noproblem.
A.seat B.sit C.seated D.sat
14.Thetrees_________