通用版中考英语二轮复习非谓语动词讲义docWord文档下载推荐.docx
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动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。
1)
作主语
例如:
TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.或
ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.
【说明】动词不定式作主语时,往往用it作形式主语,这种句型可归纳为下面的句型:
Itis+adj.+动词不定式
如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者,可以用for+sb.
Itis+adj.+forsb.Todosth.
辨析:
It'
sforsb.和It'
sofsb.
A.forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等:
It'
sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.对他说学两门外语是很难的。
B.ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good,ind,nice,clever,foolish,right。
sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你帮助我,你真是太好了。
【说明】for与of的辨别方法:
用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。
如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。
如:
Youarenice. (通顺,所以应用of)。
Heishard. (人是困难的,不通。
或者Tostudytwolanguagesishardforhim。
因此应用for。
)
2)作表语
Mywishistobecomeateacher.
补充:
常见可用不定式做表语的名词(ambition、job、dream、wish、way、aim)
3)作宾语
Mostofuslietowatchfootballmatches.
当谓语动词为thin、find、believe等动词时,常用it做形式宾语,不定式todo为该句的真正宾语。
常构成以下句型(sbthin/find/believe+it+adi+todosth)
4)作宾语补足语
Hetoldmetobehereontime.
5)作定语
Ihavenothingtosayaboutthatthing.
6)作状语
Hestoppedtohavealoo.
补充:
对作状语的不定式todo提问,用疑问代词why
【说明】动词不定式的否定形式:
not+to+动词原形构成
Heasedmenottomaesuchamistae.
3、不定式的否定形式:
Tellhimnottoshutthewindow…
典型例题
Tellhim___thewindow.
A.toshutnot B.nottoshut C.tonotshut D.notshut
答案:
B.tellsbtodosth的否定形式为tellsbnottodosth.
4、动词不定式与疑问词连用:
疑问词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,
why等后面可以按动词不定式,构成动词不定式短语,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例如:
(1)Hedoesn’tnowhowtousethemachine.
(不定式作宾语)
(2)Howtousethemachineisaquestion.(不定式作主语)
(3)Thequestioniswhentogothere.(不定式作表语)
5、省to的动词不定式
1)使役动词let,have,mae:
2)感官动词see,watch,looat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补,省略to。
注意:
在被动语态中则to不能省掉。
A.Isawhimdance. =Hewasseentodance.
B.Thebossmadethemworthewholenight.
=Theyweremadetoworthewholenight.
3)wouldrather,hadbetter+do
【难点】
6、不定式的特殊句型:
1)too…to…:
太…而不能…
Heistooecitedtospea.
2)enoughtodo:
足以做…
Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschooll.
3)soas(not)todo/inorder(not)to表示目的
Goinquietlysoasnottowaethebaby.
7、不定式的难点:
用作介词的“to”:
looforwardto渴望;
payattentionto注意;
be/getusedto习惯等等。
二、动词的-ing形式:
1.动词的-ing形式用作动名词:
动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词原形加-ing构成,它在句中起名词的作用,可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。
1)动名词作主语
Walingisgoodeercise.走路是很好的运动
2)动名词作表语
Myfavoritesportisswimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
3)
动名词作宾语
Jimdislieseatingchocolate.吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。
Shecan’thelpcryingatasadmovie.她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。
【说明】有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。
admit,finish,forgive,giveup,mind,practise,begoodat,dowellin,can'
thelp,eepon,feellie,beusedto,looforwardto,preferto,等。
【记忆口诀】“LepmFCAD”:
looforwardto、enjoy、practice、mind、eep、finish、cinsider、Admit、deny
2.动词的-ing形式用作现在分词:
-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语,表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。
这种用法通常用在下列动词中:
see,hear,find,smell,watch,find,listento,looat,notice,observe
1)TherewefoundhimwatchingTV.我们发现他在那儿看电视。
2)Iheardsomeonenocingatthedoor.我听见有人在敲门。
3.比较:
1)共同点:
动词不定式结构和动词的-ing形式都被称之为非谓语结构,因此它们一般都可以放在句中除了谓语之外的其他位置。
2)区别
①动词不定式的基本含义是表示谓语动词后面的动作还未发生,此外,若谓语动词后面的动作发生过了也用不定式,而-ing分词的基本含义一般则表示动作正在发生或进行。
②动名词的基本用法是该结构用在及物动词或介词之后构成动宾短语或介宾短语。
3)接不定式或动名词,意义相同:
begintodobegindoing
starttodostartdoing
4)动名词与不定式语义不同:
A.stoptodo stopdoing
B.forgettodo forgetdoing
C.remembertodo rememberdoing
D.trytodo trydoing
E.goontodo goondoing
F.continuetodocontinuedoing
随堂练习
1.Thefirsttetboos_______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.
A.havingwrittenB.tobewritten
C.beingwrittenD.written
2.—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionatthemeeting.
—Well,nowIregret_______that.
A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone
3.Weagreed_______herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.
A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet
4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_______.
A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo
5.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworshard.
A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning
6._______inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.
A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolost
7.Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.
A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating
8.TheOlympicGames,_______in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.
A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayed
C.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying
9.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworetrahourstofinishareport.
A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone
10.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.
A.maingB.maesC.madeD.tomae
11.WhenIgotbachomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_______“Sorrytomissyou;
willcalllater.”
A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading
12.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomaelifeeasier,_______itmoredifficult.
A.notmaeB.nottomaeC.notmaingD.donotmae
13.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdon’tnowwhatcountryhestudiedin.
A.tohavestudiedB.tostudy
C.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying
14.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldlietosee_______thenetyear.
A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout
15._______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.
A.HavingsufferedB.Suffering
C.TosufferD.Suffered
16.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.
A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen
17.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.
A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun
18.ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentnows_______.
A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwith
C.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit
19.Acoowillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_______intheitchen.
A.smoeB.smoingC.tosmoeD.smoed
20.Sheloosforwardeveryspringto_______theflower-linedgarden.
A.visitB.payingavisitC.walinD.walingin
21.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson_______.
A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto
22.—WhatdoyouthinmadeMarysoupset?
—_______hernewbie.
A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing
23.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe_______.
A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremain
C.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars
24.Therearefivepairs_______,butI’matalosswhichtochoose.
A.tobechosenB.tochoosefrom
C.tochooseD.forchoosing
25._______in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.
A.BeingfoundedB.Itwasfounded
C.FoundedD.Founding
26.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and_______.
A.he’dlietocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelsliecollectingcoins,too
C.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure
27.Findinghercarstolen,_______.
A.apolicemanwasasedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughly
C.itwaslooedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp
28.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmaret,manystate-runcompaniesarestriving_______theirproductsmorecompetitive.
A.tomaeB.maingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade
29.Though_______money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.
A.lacedB.lacingofC.lacingD.lacedin
30.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_______roadconditionsneed_______.
A.that;
tobeimprovedB.which;
tobeimproved
C.where;
improvingD.when;
improving
31.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_______.
A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethief
C.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught
32._______thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytaehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.
A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven
33.Thepicture_______onthewallispaintedbymynephew.
A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung
34.Sandycoulddonothingbut_______tohisteacherthathewaswrong.
A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit
35.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_______someschoolsforpoorchildren.
A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup
36._______lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.
A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Having
37.Withalotofdifficultproblems_______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
A.settledB.settingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
38.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_______foranotherhour.
A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting
39.Inordertomaeourcitygreen,_______.
A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB.manymoretreesneedtoplant
C.ourcityneedsmoretreesD.wemustplantmoretrees
40.—Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?
—Theey_______theproblemistomeetthedemand_______bythecu