通用版中考英语二轮复习非谓语动词讲义docWord文档下载推荐.docx

1、动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。1）作主语 例如：To learn English well is not easy. 或 It is not easy to learn English well. 【说明】动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型： It is + adj.+ 动词不定式 如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for+sb. It is + adj.+ for sb. To do sth. 辨析：Its for sb.和 Its of sb.A. for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客

2、观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等： Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他说学两门外语是很难的。B. of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, ind, nice, clever, foolish, right。s very nice of you to help me. 你帮助我，你真是太好了。【说明】for 与of 的辨别方法： 用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，

3、不通则用for。如： You are nice.（通顺，所以应用of）。He is hard.（人是困难的，不通。 或者 To study two languages is hard for him。 因此应用for。）2）作表语 My wish is to become a teacher. 补充：常见可用不定式做表语的名词（ambition、job、dream、wish、way、aim）3）作宾语 Most of us lie to watch football matches. 当谓语动词为thin、find、believe等动词时，常用it做形式宾语，不定式to do为该句的真正宾语。

4、常构成以下句型（sb thin/find/believe+ it+adi+to do sth）4）作宾语补足语 He told me to be here on time.5）作定语 I have nothing to say about that thing.6）作状语 He stopped to have a loo.补充：对作状语的不定式to do 提问，用疑问代词why【说明】动词不定式的否定形式：not + to + 动词原形构成He ased me not to mae such a mistae. 3、不定式的否定形式： Tell him not to shut the wind

5、ow 典型例题 Tell him _ the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 答案：B. tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.4、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：（1） He doesnt now how to use the machine. （不定式作宾语） （2） Ho

6、w to use the machine is a question. （不定式作主语） （3） The question is when to go there. （不定式作表语） 5、省to 的动词不定式1）使役动词 let, have, mae：2）感官动词 see, watch, loo at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 A. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. B. The boss made them wor the w

7、hole night. =They were made to wor the whole night.3）would rather，had better + do 【难点】6、不定式的特殊句型： 1）tooto：太而不能 He is too ecited to spea. 2）enough to do：足以做 The child is old enough to go to schooll. 3）so as （not） to do/in order（not） to 表示目的Go in quietly so as not to wae the baby. 7、不定式的难点： 用作介词的“to”：

8、loo forward to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; be/get used to 习惯等等。二、动词的-ing形式： 1动词的-ing形式用作动名词：动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。1）动名词作主语Waling is good eercise. 走路是很好的运动2）动名词作表语My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。3）动名词作宾语Jim dislies eating chocolate. 吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。She ca

9、nt help crying at a sad movie. 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。【说明】 有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, cant help, eep on, feel lie, be used to, loo forward to, prefer to,等。【记忆口诀】“Le pm FC AD”：loo forward to、enjoy、practice、mind、eep、finish、cinsider、Admit 、deny 2

10、动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, loo at, notice, observe1）There we found him watching TV. 我们发现他在那儿看电视。2）I heard someone nocing at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。 3比较：1）共同点：动词不定式结构和动词的-ing形式都被称之为非谓语结构，因此它们一般都可以放在句中除了谓语之外的其他位置。2）区别动词不定式的基

11、本含义是表示谓语动词后面的动作还未发生，此外，若谓语动词后面的动作发生过了也用不定式，而-ing分词的基本含义一般则表示动作正在发生或进行。动名词的基本用法是该结构用在及物动词或介词之后构成动宾短语或介宾短语。3）接不定式或动名词，意义相同：begin to do begin doing start to do start doing 4）动名词与不定式语义不同 ：A.stop to do stop doing B. forget to do forget doing C. remember to do remember doing D. try to do try doing E. go o

12、n to do go on doing F. continue to do continue doing随堂练习1. The first tetboos _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having written B. to be writtenC. being written D. written2. You were brave enough to raise objection at the meeting.Well, now I regret _ that.A.

13、to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done3. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do5. Paul doesnt ha

14、ve to be made _. He always wors hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning6. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost7. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating8. T

15、he Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing9. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to wor etra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone10. European

16、 football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A. maing B. maes C. made D. to mae11. When I got bac home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading12. The purpose of new technologies is to mae life e

17、asier, _ it more difficult.A. not mae B. not to mae C. not maing D. do not mae13. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont now what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to studyC. to be studying D. to have been studying14. The managers discussed the plan that they would lie to see _ the net year.A

18、. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out15. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. SufferingC. To suffer D. Suffered16. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it

19、.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen17. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun18. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government nows _.A. it what to do with B. what to do it withC. what to d

20、o with it D. to do what with it19. A coo will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the itchen.A. smoe B. smoing C. to smoe D. smoed20. She loos forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.A. visit B. paying a visit C. wal in D. waling in21. When I handed the report to John, he said that Ge

21、orge was the person _.A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to22. What do you thin made Mary so upset?_ her new bie.A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing23. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars t

22、o remainC. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars24. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to choose.A. to be chosen B. to choose fromC. to choose D. for choosing25. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being founded B. It was foundedC. Foun

23、ded D. Founding26. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _.A. hed lie to collect coins as well B. he feels lie collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure27. Finding her car stolen, _.A. a policeman was ased to help B. the area was search

24、ing thoroughlyC. it was looed for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help28. In order to gain a bigger share in the international maret, many state-run companies are striving _ their products more competitive.A. to mae B. maing C. to have made D. having made29. Though _ money, his parents

25、managed to send him to university.A. laced B. lacing of C. lacing D. laced in30. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _.A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improvedC. where; improving D. when; improving31. The discovery of new evidence led to _

26、.A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught32. _ the general state of his health, it may tae him a while to recover from the operation.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given33. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hu

27、ng B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung34. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit35. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up36. _ late i

28、n the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having37. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. setting C. to settle D. being settled38. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A. wait

29、ing B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting39. In order to mae our city green, _.A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plantC. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees40. How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?The ey _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the cu