英语专业八级真题及参考答案完整版Word文件下载.docx

英语专业八级真题及参考答案完整版Word文件下载.docx

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　　--

（1）________

　　--defendenceonmemory

　　----researchobservation

　　--

（2）_________

　　--carefulrecordkeeping

　　B.Waystoselectsamplesinresearch

　　----timesampling

　　--systematic:

e.g.fixedintervalseveryhour

　　--random:

fixedintervalsbut（3）_______

　　Systematicsamplingandrandomsamplingareoftenusedincombination.

　　----（4）_______

　　--definition:

selectionofdifferentlocations

　　--reason:

humans’oranimals’behaviour（5）______acrosscircumstances

　　--（6）______:

moreobjectiveobservations

　　C.Waystorecordbehaviour（7）_______

　　----observationwithintervention

　　--participantobservation:

researcherasobserverandparticipant

　　--fieldexperiment:

research（8）______overconditions

　　----observationwithoutintervention

　　--purpose:

describingbehaviour（9）______

　　--（10）______:

nointervention

　　--researcher:

apassiverecorder

　　SECTIONBINTERVIEW

　　InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.

　　Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefoliowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.

　　1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcreativityisINCORRECT?

　　A.Creativitystemsfromhumanbeingsnovelthinking.

　　B.Thedurationofthecreativeprocessvariesfrompersontoperson.

　　C.Creativepeoplefocusonnovelthinkingratherthanonsolutions.

　　D.Theoutcomeofhumancreativitycomesinvariedforms.

　　2.TheintervieweecitestheBachfamilytoshowthatcreativity

　　A.appearstobetheresultoftheenvironment.

　　B.seemstobeattributabletogeneticmakeup.

　　C.appearstobemoreassociatedwithgreatpeople.

　　D.comesfrombothenvironmentandgeneticmakeup.

　　3.Howmanytypesofthecreativeprocessdoestheintervieweedescribe?

　　A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

　　4.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesofacreativepersonalityisNOTmentionedintheinterview?

　　A.Unconventional.B.Original.

　　C.Resolute.D.Critical.

　　5.Theintervieweessuggestionforacreativityworkoutsupportstheviewthat

　　A.brainexercisingwillnotmakepeoplecreative.

　　B.mostpeoplehavediversifiedinterestsandhobbies.

　　C.theenvironmentissignificantinthecreativeprocess.

　　D.creativitycanonlybefoundingreatpeople.

　　SECTIONCNEWSBROADCAST

　　InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Question6isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.

　　6.Whatisthenewsitemmainlyabout?

　　A.U.S.astronautsmadethreespacewalks.

　　B.Aninternationalspacestationwassetup.

　　C.Aprobleminthecoolingsystemwassolved.

　　D.A350-kilogramammoniapumpwasremoved.

　　Questions7and8arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.

　　7.Inwhichcountrywouldparentsoftenthreatentopunishchildrenbyleavingthemoutside?

　　A.India.B.ThePhilippines.

　　C.Egypt.D.Notmentioned.

　　8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthestudy?

　　A.Torevealculturaldifferencesandsimilarities.

　　B.Toexposecasesofchildabuseandpunishment.

　　C.Toanalyzechildbehaviouracrosscountries.

　　D.Toinvestigatewaysofphysicalpunishment.

　　Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.

　　9.Accordingtothenewsitem,Japanseconomicgrowthinthesecondquarterwas____lessthanthefirstquarter.

　　A.0.6percentB.3.4percent

　　C.4percentD.3percent

　　10.HowmanyreasonsdoesthenewsitemciteforJapanssloweconomicgrowth?

　　A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.

PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION（30MIN）

　　Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.

　　TEXTA

　　Iusedtolookatmyclosetandseeclothes.Thesedays,wheneverIcastmyeyesuponthestacksofshoesandhangersofshirts,sweatersandjackets,Iseewater.

　　Ittakes569gallonstomanufactureaT-shirt,fromitsstartinthecottonfieldstoitsappearanceonstoreshelves.Apairofrunningshoes?

1,247gallons.

　　Untillastfall,Idbeenoblivioustomy"

waterfootprint"

whichisdefinedasthetotalvolumeoffreshwaterthatisusedtoproducegoodsandservices,accordingtotheWaterFootprintNetwork.TheDutchnonprofithasbeenworkingtoraiseawarenessoffreshwaterscarcitysince2008,butitwasthroughthe"

GreenBlueBook"

byThomasM.KostigenthatIwasabletoseehowmyownactionsfactoredin.

　　Iveinstalledgray-watersystemstoreusethewastewaterfrommylaundry,machineandbathtubandrerouteittomylandscape-systemsthatsave,onaverage,50gallonsofwaterperday.Ivesetuprainbarrelsandinfiltrationpitstocollectthousandsofgallonsofstormwatercascadingfrommyroof.Iveevenenteredthelastbastionofgreendom-installingacompostingtoilet.

　　Sufficetosay,IvebeenfeelingprettysatisfiedwithmyselfforallthedrinkingwaterIvesavedwiththesebig-ticketprojects.

　　NowIrealizethatmydailyconsumptionchoicescouldhaveanevenlargereffect–notonlyonthelocalwatersupplybutalsoglobally:

1.1billionpeoplehavenoaccesstofreshwater,and,inthefuture,thosewhodohaveaccesswillhavelessofit.

　　Toseehowmuchvirtualwater1wasusing,Iloggedontothe"

websiteanduseditswaterfootprintcalculator,enteringmydailyconsumptionhabits.Tallyingupthewaterfootprintofmybreakfast,lunch,dinnerandsnacks,aswellasmydailydoseofover-the-counteruppersanddowners-coffee,wineandbeer-Imusing512gallonsofvirtualwatereachdayjusttofeedmyself.

　　Inaword:

alarming.

　　EvenmorealarmingwashowmuchhiddenwaterIwasusingtogetdressed.Imhardlyaclotheshorse,butthefewnewitemsIbuyonceagaintrumpedtheamountofwaterflowingfrommyfaucetseachday.IfImseriousaboutsavingwater,IrealizedIcouldmakesomesimplelifestyleshifts.Lookingmorecloselyattheareasinmylifethatusethemostvirtualwater,itwasfoodandclothes,specificallymeat,coffeeand,oddly,bluejeansandleatherjackets.

　　Beingamotorcyclist,Iownanunusuallylargeamountofleather-bootsandjacketsinparticular.Allofitisenormouslywaterintensive.Ittakes7,996gallonstomakealeather.jacket,leatherbeingabyproductofbeef.Ittakes2,866gallonsofwatertomakeasinglepairofbluejeans,becausetheyremadefromwater-hoggingcotton.

　　CrunchingthenumbersfortheamountofclothesIbuyeveryyear,itlooksalotlikemyfriendsswimmingpool.MyentireclosetisborderlineOlympic.

　　Gulp.

　　Mylateresolutionistobuysomeitemsused.Underwearandsocksare,ofcourse,exemptfromthisstrategy,but1havenoproblemshoppinglessandalsoshoppingatGoodwill.Infact,Idbeendoingthatforthepastyeartosavemoney.Myclothesoutrageouswaterfootprintjustreintbrceditforme.

　　Moreconsciouslivingandsubstitution,ratherthansacrifice,aretheprevailingideaswiththewaterfootprint.ItsoneImtrying,andthatshadanunusualupside.Ihadahamburgerrecently,andIenjoyeditalotmoresinceitisnowanoccasionaltreatratherthanaweeklyhabit.

　　（Onegallon=3.8litres）

　　11.Accordingtothepassage,theWaterFootprintNetwork

　　A.madetheauthorawareoffreshwatershortage.

　　B.helpedtheauthorgettoknowtheGreenBlueBook.

　　C.workedforfreshwaterconservationfornonprofitpurposes.

　　D.collaboratedwiththeGreenBlueBookinfreshwaterconservation.

　　12.Whichofthefollowingreasonscanbestexplaintheauthorsfeelingofself-satisfaction?

　　A.Hemadecontributiontodrinkingwaterconservationinhisownway.

　　B.Moneyspentonupgradinghishouseholdfacilitieswasworthwhile.

　　C.Hishousewasequippedwithadvancedwater-savingfacilities.

　　D.Hecouldhavemadeevengreatercontributionbychanginghislifestyle.

　　13.Accordingtothecontext,"

...howmvownactionsfactoredin"

means

　　A.howIcouldcontributetowaterconservation.

　　B.whateffortsIshouldmake