4级考前冲刺试题三Word下载.docx

4级考前冲刺试题三Word下载.docx

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Theindividualstoriesarefamiliar.Thechemistrymajortendingbar.Theclassicsmajoransweringphones.TheItalianstudiesmajorstockingshelvesatWal-Mart.

Nowevidenceisemergingthatthedamagecausedbythesoureconomyismorewidespreadthanjustafewcareersledastray（偏离正轨地）orpostponed.Evenforcollegegraduates—thepeoplewhoweremostprotectedfromtheeffectsofrecession—theoutlookisratherbleak（黯淡的）.

Employmentratesfornewcollegegraduateshavefallensharplyinthelasttwoyears,ashavestartingsalariesforthosewhocanfindwork.What’smore,onlyhalfofthejobslandedbythesenewgraduatesevenrequireacollegedegree,revivingdebatesaboutwhetherhighereducationis“worthit”afterall.

“Ihavefriendswiththesamedegreeasme,fromaworseschool,butbecauseofwhotheykneworwhentheyhappenedtograduate,they’reinmuchbetterjobs,”saidKyleBishop,23,a2009graduateoftheUniversityofPittsburghwhohasspentthelasttwoyearswaitingtables,deliveringbeer,workingatabookstoreandenteringdata.“It’smoreaboutluckthananythingelse.”

Theaveragestartingsalaryforstudentsgraduatingfromfour-yearcollegesin2009and2010was$27,000,downfrom$30,000forthosewhoenteredtheworkforcein2006to2008,accordingtoastudyreleasedonWednesdaybytheJohnJ.HeldrichCenterforWorkforceDevelopmentatRutgersUniversity.Thatisadeclineof10percent,evenbeforetakinginflationintoaccount.

Ofcourse,thesearetheluckyones—thegraduateswhofoundajob.Amongthemembersoftheclassof2010,just56percenthadheldatleastonejobbythisspring,whenthesurveywasconducted.Thatcompareswith90percentofgraduatesfromtheclassesof2006and2007.（Somehavegoneforfurthereducationoroptedoutofthelaborforce,whilemanyarestilltryingveryhardtogetajob.）

Eventhesefiguresunderstatethedamagedonetotheseworkers’careers.Manyhavetakenjobsthatdonotmakeuseoftheirskills;

aboutonlyhalfofrecentcollegegraduatessaidthattheirfirstjobrequiredacollegedegree.

Thechoiceofmajorisquiteimportant.Certainmajorshadbetterluckfindingajobthatrequiredacollegedegree,accordingtoananalysisbyAndrewM.Sum,aneconomistatNortheasternUniversity,of2009LaborDepartmentdataforcollegegraduatesunder25.

Younggraduateswhomajoredineducationandteachingorengineeringweremostlikelytofindajobrequiringacollegedegree,whileareastudiesmajors—thosewhomajoredinLatinAmericanstudies,forexample—andhumanitiesmajorswereleastlikelytodoso.Amongallrecenteducationgraduates,71.1percentwereinjobsthatrequiredacollegedegree;

ofallareastudiesmajors,thesharewas44.7percent.

AnanalysisbyTheNewYorkTimesofLaborDepartmentdataaboutcollegegraduatesaged25to34foundthatthenumberoftheseworkersemployedinfoodservice,restaurantsandbarshadrisen17percentin2009from2008,thoughthesamplesizewassmall.Thereweresimilarorbiggeremploymentincreasesatgasstationsandfueldealers,foodandalcoholstores,andtaxiandlimousineservices.

Thismaybeawasteofacollegedegree,butitalsodisplaces（使离开）theless-educatedworkerswhowouldnormallytakethesejobs.

“Thelessschoolingyouhad,themorelikelyyouweretogetthrownoutofthelabormarketaltogether,”saidMr.Sum,notingthatunemploymentratesforhighschoolgraduatesanddropoutsarealwaysmuchhigherthanthoseforcollegegraduates.“Thereiscompletedisplacementallthewaydown.”

Meanwhile,collegegraduatesarehavingtroublepayingoffstudentloandebt,whichisatamedianof$20,000forgraduatesofclasses2006to2010.

Mr.Bishop,thePittsburghgraduate,saidheis“terrified”oftheeffectshisstarterjobsmighthaveonhisultimatecareer,whichhehopestobeinpublishingorwriting.“Itlooksbadtohavealltheseshort-termjobsonyourré

sumé

butyoudohavetopaythebills,”hesaid,addingthatrightnowhisstudentloandebtwasover$70,000.

Manygraduateswillprobablytakeonmorestudentdebt.Morethan60percentofthosewhograduatedinthelastfiveyearssaytheywillneedmoreformaleducationtobesuccessful.

“Iknewthereweren’tgoingtobemanyjobprospectsformeuntilIgotmyPh.D.,”saidTravisPatterson,23,a2010graduateofCaliforniaStateUniversity,Fullerton.Heisworkingasanadministrativeassistantforapropertymanagementcompanyandstudyingpsychologyingraduateschool.Whileitmaynothaveanythingtodowithhisdegree,“ithelpspaymyrentandtuition,andthat’swhatmatters.”

Goingbacktoschooldoesofferthepossibilityofjoiningthelaborforcewhentheeconomyisbetter.Unemploymentratesarealsogenerallylowerforpeoplewithadvancedschooling.

Thosewhodonotgobacktoschoolmaybeonalower-payingtrajectory（道路）foryears.Theystartatalowersalary,andtheymaybegintheircareerswithemployersthatpaylessonaverageorhavelessroomforgrowth.

“Theirsalaryhistoryfollowsthemwherevertheygo,”saidCarlVanHorn,alaboreconomistatRutgers.“It’slikeaparrotonyourshoulder,travelingwithyoueverywhere,constantlytellingyou‘No,youcan’tmakethatmuchmoney.’“

Andwhileyoungpeoplewhohavesurvivedatoughjobmarketmayshyfromrisksduringtheircareers,thebestwaytonullify（抵消……的影响）anunluckygraduationdateistochangejobswhenyoucan,saysTillvonWachter,aneconomistatColumbia.

“Ifyoudon’tmovewithinfiveyearsofgraduating,forsomereasonyougetstuckwhereyouare,”Mr.vonWachtersaid.“Byyourlate20s,you’reoftenmarried,andhaveafamilyandhaveahouse.Youstoptheactivepatternofmovingjobs.”

1.Whatdoweknowaboutcollegegraduatesinthepresentsoureconomy?

A）Theyhaveapositiveoutlookforthefuture.

B）Theyremainunaffectedbytherecession.

C）Jobprospectsforthemdon’tlookgood.

D）Startingsalariesforthemhaveincreased.

2.AccordingtoKyleBishop,whycanhisfriendshavebetterjobsthanhim?

A）Theygraduateattherighttime.C）Theyhaveobtainedhigherdegrees.

B）Theyhaveworkingexperience.D）Theygraduatefrombetterschools.

3.WhatdidthestudybytheJohnJ.HeldrichCenterforWorkforceDevelopmentreveal?

A）Graduatesstartingworkingin2010gothigherpaythanthosein2006.

B）Mostoftherecentcollegegraduateswereluckyenoughtofindajob.

C）Moregraduateschosetogetfurthereducationinsteadoftakingajob.

D）Thestartingsalaryfornewcollegegraduatesdeclinedinrecentyears.

4.AndrewM.Sum’sstudyfoundthatinfindingajobrequiringacollegedegree,_______.

A）goodluckwasextremelynecessaryC）areastudiesmajorshadabigadvantage

B）thechoiceofmajorwasquiteimportantD）recentgraduatesweremorelikelytosucceed

5.Accordingtotheauthor,collegegraduates’workinginplaceslikegasstations_______.

A）makesthemmoredown-to-earthpeopleC）maybeawasteoftheircollegedegrees

B）isgoodtothediversityoftheworkforceD）motivatesless-educatedworkerstoimprove

6.HowdidMr.Bishopseetheshort-termjobshetook?

A）Theywoulddefinitelybethehighlightofhisresume.

B）Theymighthavenegativeeffectsonhisultimatecareer.

C）Theycouldlandhimagoodjobinpublishingorwriting.

D）Theyweretheonlywaytopayoffhisstudentloandebt.

7.TravisPattersonchosetoworkasanadministrativeassistantbecausethejob_______.

A）offeredexcellentpromotionprospects

B）paidhimarelativelygoodstartingsalary

C）hadmuchtodowithhismajorpsychology

D）helpedpayhistuitioningraduateschool

8.Thosewhodonotgobacktoschoolmaygetlowerpayandhavelesschancefor______________________________.

9.TillvonWachtersuggestsyoungpeople______________________________sothatanunluckygraduationdatewouldloseitseffect.

10.AccordingtoMr.vonWachter,ifpeopledon’tchangejobswithinfiveyearsofgraduating,theyget______________________________intheirlow-paidposition.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

11.A）Hehasdecidedhowtospendhismoney.

B）Hewisheshecouldpayforhisdailybillsnow.

C）HehasalreadysavedenoughmoneytotravelaroundAfrica.

D）Hehasdecidedtosavethemoneytopayhistuitionnextyear.

12.A）Buythesuitincash.C）Payincreditcard.

B）Buythesuitatnodiscount.D）Drawcashfromtheaccount.

13.A）TherestauranthasbeenavailablesinceChristmas.

B）Shepromisestherewillbeatableavailableat7:

00

C）Sheisnotsurewhetherthereisatableavailableatthattime.

D）They’dwaittocheckifthereisanytableavailableonChristmas.

14.A）Rockandrollmusicisherfavorite.

B）Shedoesnotenjoyclassicalmusic.

C）Sherarelylistenstopopularmusic.

D）Sheisnotinterestedinrockandrollmusic.

15.A）Hewasabsentfromtheclass.C）Hedidn’tworkhardinthesubject.

B）Thesubjectisdifficulttopass.D）Theprofessorgivespoorlectures.

16.A）Hehashislegbroken.C）Hepartswithhisgirlfriend.

B）Hewantstojointheparty.D）HegetsalongwellwithCathy.

17.A）Frenchiseasytolearn.

B）Themanshouldgiveup.

C）Themanshouldcontinuewithhisstudy.

D）ThemanshouldtalkwithhisFrenchfriendsoften.

18.A）Thewomanshouldfinishherpaperfirst.

B）Theyshouldnotstopworkingonthepaper.

C）He’dliketopostponeworkingonthepaper.

D）Itwon’ttakelongtofinishthepaper