香港第三次整体交通规划英文.docx

香港第三次整体交通规划英文.docx

《香港第三次整体交通规划英文.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《香港第三次整体交通规划英文.docx（60页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

香港第三次整体交通规划英文

1.INTRODUCTION

1.1Inthepast10years（1988-98）,HongKong'spopulationhasincreasedfrom5.7millionto6.8millionandGDPpercapitahasincreasedby20%inrealterms.Thissocio-economicgrowth,togetherwiththerapidexpansionofHongKong'sportandairportfacilitiesandincreaseincrossboundarytraffic,haveplacedtremendousdemandsontransportinfrastructure.Despitethis,transportsystemsofHongKonghavecopedremarkablywellwithsuchdemands.Themajorityofthepopulationenjoyhighlevelsofmobilityandtrafficspeedsinmostareasareatacceptablelevels.

1.2Thissuccesshasbeenachievedthroughimprovingtransportinfrastructure,expandingandimprovingpublictransport,andmanagingroaduse.Theseprinciples,coupledwithproperland-useplanning,haveformedthefoundationofHongKong'stransportpolicyandhavebeenappliedinresponsetochangingopportunitiesandconstraints.TheFirstandSecondComprehensiveTransportStudies,completedin1976and1989respectively,haveformedthebackboneofHongKong'stransportinfrastructureandpolicydevelopment.

1.3However,HongKongisadynamiccity,withcontinuouschangesineconomicgrowthanddevelopment,technology,publicdemandsandaspirations.Populationisforecasttocontinuegrowingatafastpaceandcrossboundaryactivityisalsoexpectedtoincrease.ThesedevelopmentswillcontinuetoplacefurtherpressureonHongKong'stransportinfrastructure.Ifmobilityistobemaintained,thesedemandsneedtobeaccommodatedinsomeway.However,newinfrastructureisbecomingincreasinglyexpensiveanddifficulttoconstructinHongKong'suniquegeographicsituation.

1.4Recentyearshaveseengreaterpublicawarenessandconcernoverthedeterioratingenvironmentalconditions,whichhaveaccompaniedthegrowthoverthepastdecade.Althoughtransportisonlyoneofthecontributingfactorsofenvironmentalpollution,thereisanincreasingneedfortransportpolicyandplanningtobetterreflectthisconcern.

1.5Asaresult,theThirdComprehensiveTransportStudy（CTS-3）wascommissionedinAugust1997,withtheobjectiveofformulatingatransportdevelopmentframeworkthatwouldcontributetomoresustainabledevelopmentinHongKong.Inthetransportcontext,thisobjectiverequiresthebalancingofasystemthatmaintainsandimprovesmobilitywiththeadverseimpactsthiscanhaveontheenvironment,andallowscontinuedeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Byemphasisingtheuseofpublictransport,inparticularrailway,enhancingtheintegrationofdifferenttransportmodes,andmakinguseofnewtechnologies,aframeworkhasbeendevelopedthatprovidesmobilityinasustainabledevelopmentcontext.

Providingmobilityinasustainabledevelopmentcontext

1.6AswithpreviousCTSstudies,CTS-3hasdevelopedtransportpoliciestogetherwithasetofinfrastructurerequirementsandassociatedprogrammesforimplementation.Inaddition,CTS-3hasrecommendedtodevelopareviewsystemtoensurethattheneed,timing,scopeandprioritiesoftherelevanthighwayprojectsarere-assessedbeforeimplementationinlightofthelatestdevelopment.

2.BACKGROUNDTOCTS-3

DevelopmentssinceCTS-2

2.1CTS-3isthethirdcomprehensivetransportstudy.Thefirststudy,whichwascompletedin1976,resultedinthedecisiontoconstructtheMTRsystemandtherealisationthatitwouldbenecessarytorestrainprivatecartravel.In1986-89,theSecondComprehensiveTransportStudy（CTS-2）formulatedatransportframeworkfortheterritoryuptotheyear2001forapopulationforecastof6.3million.Inviewoftheconsiderableuncertaintiesoftransportplanningatthetime,inparticularthefuturelocationoftheterritory'sairport,thestudyrecommendedthattheimplementationofthestrategyshouldbemonitoredandupdatedonaregularbasis.Accordingly,from1990to1993,theUpdatingoftheSecondComprehensiveTransportStudy（CTS-2Update）wasundertakentoreviewtheCTS-2frameworktakingintoaccounttherelocationoftheairporttoChekLapKok,Metroplan,andvariousreclamationstudies.Theplanninghorizonwasalsoextendedto2011forapopulationforecastof6.6million.

2.2CTS-2wasakeystudyinthedevelopmentofHongKong'stransportpolicyandsystems.Itsrecommendationsformedthebasisofthe1990WhitePaper"Movingintothe21stCentury".ManyoftheroadandrailinfrastructurerecommendationsoftheWhitePaperhavenowbeenimplemented,asshowninTable2.1.Thebroadpolicydirectionshavealsobeengenerallymaintained.

Table2.1

ProgressonMajorInfrastructure

Recommendationsof1990WhitePaper

Recommendation 

Progress 

HighwayProjects  

NorthLantauExpresswayandLantauFixedCrossing

Route9fromTsingYitoChekLapKokcompletedandopentotrafficin1997.

Route3toprovideamajornorth-southlinkbetweentheboundaryandHongKongIsland 

Completedandopentotrafficinphasesbetween1997and1998.

HungHomBypass

Openedin1999.

Route7KennedyTowntoAberdeen 

Landunavailable–plannedcompletiondate2010.

Central–WanChaiBypassandIslandEasternCorridorLink

Landunavailable–plannedcompletiondate2010.

Route16betweenShaTinandWestKowloon 

NowpartofRoute9.Detaileddesigncurrentlyinprogresswithconstructionexpectedtobecompletedby2005.

RailwayProjects 

AirportRailway/TungChungLine

Completedin1998.

MTRTseungKwanOExtension

Underconstruction,duetobecompletedin2002.

WestRail（PhaseI）connectingNWNTandTsuenWan

Underconstruction,duetobecompletedin2003.

2.3CTS-2andthesubsequent1990WhitePaperlaidoutbroadtransportpolicydirectionswhichhavehelpedkeepHongKongmoving.However,HongKonghasdevelopedmorerapidlythanwasenvisagedinCTS-2.Forexample,thepopulationforecastfor2001atthetimeofCTS-2was6.3million.Thisfigurewasactuallyreachedin1996andtheforecastfor2001isnowcloseto7million.TheupperlimitofpopulationtestedduringCTS-3is10.1millionin2016.Toplanforahigherpopulation,severalmajorplanningstudieshavebeencarriedoutinrecentyears.ThemostimportantoftheseistheTerritorialDevelopmentStrategyReview（TDSR）,whichwascompletedin1996.OtherkeystudiesincludetheFirstandSecondRailwayDevelopmentStudies（RDS）,andtheCrosslinksFurtherStudy1.

（Note:

1.TheStudyisformallyknownasFeasibilityStudyforAdditionalCross-borderLinks）

2.4Tocopewiththesechangesinourfuturedevelopment,weneedacomprehensivetransportstudytohelpproduceacohesiveandcomprehensivetransportplan.CTS-3extendstheplanninghorizonto2016,takingintoaccountawiderrangeofconsiderationstomeetthechangingaspirationsofsociety,especiallytheeffectoftransportontheenvironmentandtheneedtointegrateland-use,transportandenvironmentalplanning.Itaimstoproduceaframeworkfordevelopingastrategythatnotonlymeetsthetraditionalobjectiveofmaintainingmobilitybutdoessoinanenvironmentallyacceptableandsustainableway.

ExistingSituation

2.5CTS-3adopted1997asthebaseyeartowhichfutureconditionsarecompared.Despiterapiddevelopment,average1997trafficspeedsarecomparabletothose10yearsago（about26-30km/hinheavilyurbanisedareasand32km/helsewhereinthepeakhour）,testimonytothesuccessofHongKong'stransportplanningandanexpandinginfrastructureprogramme.Furthermore,therehavebeenconsiderableimprovementstopublictransportservices,includingamorecomprehensiverailwaynetworkandprovisionofparkingatrailwaystations.（Publictransportisestimatedtocarryaround90%ofallpersontripsin1997.Thenumberofobservedpublictransportboardingsisabout11millionperday）.However,duetothelackofprogressonsomeoftheprojectsrecommendedbyCTS-2,andbecauseoffasterthanexpectedpopulationandeconomicgrowth,someareassufferfromseverecongestion（e.g.Central,WanChai,CausewayBay,LionRockTunnelandtheCrossHarbourTunnel）.SectionsoftheMTRsystemalsosufferfromovercrowdingatpeaktimes（e.g.alongtheNathanRoadCorridorbeforeopeningofTungChungLinein1998）.

AssumptionsandForecasts

2.6ThedemandfortransportservicesiscloselyrelatedtoHongKong'sdevelopmentpattern.Asdevelopmenttypesorintensitieschange,transportsystemimprovementsmaybeneededtobetterlinkareasofgrowthwiththeremainderoftheregion.CTS-3usesestimationproceduresrefinedfromCTS-2anditsUpdatethatdeterminepassengerandgoodstraveldemandsbasedonthedistributionofdevelopmenttypesandintensitieswithintheregion,takingintoconsiderationthechangedtripmakingbehaviourobservedinthecourseofvalidationofthetransportmodelagainst1997trafficconditions.

2.7Thefutureisdrivenbytoomanyvariablestobeaccuratelypredicted.Itisdifficulttoforeseeeventsthatwilloccurorconditionsthatwillexistin15-20yearstime.CTS-3hasthereforeadoptedanapproachdifferentfromCTS-2.Insteadofrelyingonhistoricaltrends,CTS-3examinedawiderangeofdevelopmentscenariosincorporatingassumptionsdefiningthekeydeterminantsoffuturetraveldemand.Thevalueofusingdifferentscenariosisthecontrastingpicturestheypaintandthediverseimplicationstheysuggest.Theintentionwastoaddressanenvelopeofassumptionsandidentifyalternative（relatedtolow,mediumandhightraveldemandgrowth）combinationsofinfrastructureinvestmentsanddemandmanagementpolicies.AsHongKongmovesforward,andlevelsofeconomicandotherdevelopmentsarebetterdetermined,Governmentcanusethescenariosandpackagestobuildarobustandflexiblestrategythatbestmeetstransportmobility,economic,