八年级英语下册知识点总结13单元.docx
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八年级英语下册知识点总结13单元
八年级英语下册知识点总结<1-3单元>
Unit1What’sthematter?
一、基础知识
1.What’sthematter?
怎么啦?
出什么事情了?
[解析]matter/'mætə>/n.问题;事情
What’sthematterwithyou?
=What’sthetroublewithyou?
=What’swrongwithyou?
你怎么了?
[注]:
matter和trouble为名词,其前可加the或形容词性物主代词,wrong是adj.不能加the
[用法]用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时,与介词with连用.即:
What’sthematterwithsb.?
=What’syourtrouble?
=What’sup?
=Whathappenstosb.?
—What’sthematterwithyou?
—Ihaveabadcold.
2.Ihadacold.我感冒了.haveacold=catchacold=havetheflu感冒
haveafever发烧haveacough咳嗽haveastomachache胃疼,肚子疼haveatoothache牙疼haveaheadache头疼
3.身体部位+ache<疼痛>构成新的复合词
stomach+ache=stomachachehead+ache=headachetooth+ache=toothacheback+ache=backache后背痛
4.muchtoo+形容词,意为太......,toomuch+名词,意为很多,大量.
5.enough[形容、副词]足够的/地,enough放在名前后,形副后.goodenough足够好,enoughmoney=muchmoney
6.liedown躺下,lie躺,躺着,过去式lay;lie说谎,过去式lied
7.maybe"或许",常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子.Maybeyouareright.
maybe,是情态动词+be的结构,意为"可能,也许",后加名词、代词或形容词.Hemaybeangry.
soundlike+名词代词和从句:
Itsoundslikeyoudon’tknowthetruth.
Itsoundslikeagoodidea.sound+形容词,"听起来,好像",Themusicsoundsnice.
9.need需要,实义动词need+名词,需要某物;
needtodosth.需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作:
Youneedtolistencarefullyduringclass.
needdoingsth.主语通常是物,表示被动的动作:
Yourdirtyclothesneedwashing.
10.getoff下<公交车>geton上车
11.agree同意,赞同;
agreewithsth.同意某事如:
Iagreewiththatidea.
agreetosb.同意某人的意见如:
IagreetoLiLei.
12.trouble问题,麻烦;beintrouble遇到麻烦,maketrouble制造麻烦,havetroubledoingsth.=havedifficultiesdoingsth做......有麻烦.
13.rightaway=rightnow=atonce,意为马上.
14.advice[不可数名词]劝告,建议,向…征求意见,givesb.adviceonsth.就某事给某人建议;advise[动词]advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事
advisesb.doingsth.
[复习]exercise练习、锻炼
当exercise意为"练习"时,为可数名词即可加s
当exercise意为"锻炼"时,为不可数名词即不加s
16.hurt与物动词,使……疼痛,……受伤,Hehurthislegwhileexercising.
不与物动词,……<部位>疼.Hisleghurtbadly.
clean[动词]打扫,cleantheclassroom打扫教室,[形容词]干净的,cleaner意为清洁工.
18.hit<用手或器具>打;击打Theboyhitthedogwithastone.
hitsb.onthehead/nose/back打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on用在所打较硬的部位;
hitsb.intheface/eye/stomach打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in用在所打较软的部位.
beusedtosth./doingsth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事,强调状态;Hisgrandpawasusedtocountrylife.
Maryisnotusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.
get/beeusedtosth./doingsth."变得习惯,逐渐适应……"强调过程、动作:
It’sdifficultforonetogetusedtoanothercountry’shabit.
20.[复习]free[形容词]空闲的freetime;免费的thedrinkisforfree;自由的Iwanttobeeafreebird.
free[动词]使……解脱,得到自由:
Hecouldnotfreehisarm.
runout用完,用尽Whenhiswaterrunout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.
物sth.runout.某物用尽了.
人sb.runoutofsth.人用尽了某物.Herunoutofallhismoneylastnight.
22.risktodosth.冒险去做某事takearisk=takerisks冒险
23.theimportanceofsth.<做>某事的重要性
WestudentsshouldknowtheimportanceofEnglish.
importancen.重要<性>,importantadj.重要的,unimportantadj.不重要的
decision[名词]决定;抉择;makeadecision做决定;
makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth..
25.beinthecontrolof…掌管,管理Theheadmasterisinthecontrolofthisnewschool.
beoutofcontrol无法控制,无法管理beundercontrol被控制住,在控制之中
26.[复习]mind意为介意,minddoingsth.介意做某事,
Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?
27.giveupsth.放弃<做>某事,giveupputergames;
giveup后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式,也可不接,如:
Nevergiveupeasily.
二、重点语法
[反身代词]英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致.
数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称
单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself
复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves
[用法]
1.可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物.
如:
Mariaboughtherselfascarf.Wemustlookafterourselvesverywell.
2.可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物.如:
Sheisn’tquiteherselftoday.
3.可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气.
如:
SheherselfwillflytoLondontomorrow.Imetthewriterhimselflastweek.
4.用在某些固定短语当中.
lookafteroneself/takecareofoneself照顾自己teachoneselfsth./learnsth.byoneself自学
enjoyoneself玩得高兴,过得愉快
helponeselftosth请自用……<随便吃/喝些……>.
hurtoneself摔伤自己
saytooneself自言自语
leavesb.byoneself把某人单独留下
buyoneselfsth.给自己买……东西
introduceoneself介绍……自己
[提醒]
1.反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用.如:
我自己能完成作业.
<误>Myselfcanfinishmyhomework.<正>Imyselfcanfinishmyhomework./Icanfinishmyhomeworkmyself.
2.反身代词表示"某人自己"不能表示"某人的东西",因为它没有所有格的形式.表达"某人自己的<东西>"时,须要用one’sown.
如:
我用我自己的蜡笔画画.<误>I’mdrawingwithmyselfcrayons.<正>I’mdrawingwithmyowncrayons.
Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks
一、基本知识点
1.sick生病的,有病的;可在句中作表语Marycouldnotebecausesheissick.
也可作定语asickchild
[区别ill]ill与sick同义;但是只在句中做表语,不做定语.Marycouldnotebecausesheisill.
2.cheerup<让某人>变得高兴;振奋起来Thegoodnewscheeredupeveryoneinourclass.
3.gi