loving and hating new york课后练习答案.docx

loving and hating new york课后练习答案.docx

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lovingandhatingnewyork课后练习答案

LovingandHatingNewYork练习题答案/answer

Ⅰ.

　1.Olmsted:

FrederickLawOlmstedJr.（1870--1975）,Americanlandscapearchitect.AHarvardgraduate（1894）,hestudiedunderhisfather,FredcrickLawOlmsted,andbeganpracticeaslandscapearchitectin1895.HewaslandscapearchitectfortheMetropolitanParkSystemofBoston,1898--1920;BaltimoreParkandParkCommission,1902--1917;memberoftheNationalCapitalParkandPlanningCommissionin1929,andagainfrom1945.Heactedinconsultingcapacityforanddesignedportionsoftheparksorotherpublicimprovementsofmanytownsandcitiesandnumerousinstiutions,landsubdivisions,andprivateproperties.AmonghisdesignsinWashington.werethoseforRockCreekandAna-costiaParks,theMall,andtheWhiteHousegrounds.Hewrotenumerousarticlesandreportsonprofessionalsubjects.

　2.Bach.JohnSebastianBach（1685--1750）,Germancomposerandorganist,oneofthegreatestandmostinfluentialcomposersoftheWesternWorld.Hebroughtpoly-phonicbaroquemusictoitsculmination,creatingmasterfulandvigorousworksinalmosteverymusicalformknowninhisperiod.Bornintoagiftedfamily,Bachwasdevotedtomusicfromchildhood;hewastaughtbyhisfatherandlaterbyhisbrotherJohanncristoph.Hiseducationwasacquiredlargelythroughindependentstudies.

　SincefewofBach'smanyworkswerepublishedinhislifetime,exactdatescannotbefixedforallofthem,butmostcanbeplacedwithsomecertaintyintheperiodsofhislife.AtArnstadtandMiihlhausenhebeganaseriesoforgancompositionsthatculminatedinthegreatworksoftheWeimarperiod;thePassacagliaandFugueinCMi-nor.AtCothenheconcentratedoninstrumentalcompositions,especiallykeyboardworks:

theChromaticFantasyandFugue;theEnglishSuites;andBookIofthecelebrated7"heWell-Tempered-Clavier.Healsowroteseveralun-accompainiedviolinSonatasandcellosuites,andtheBrandenburgConcertos,recognisedasthebestconcertigrossievercomposed.AsmusicaldirectorofStThomasatLeipzig,hecomposedmanyofhissuperbreligiouscompositions,theChristmasOratorio,theSt.]~lathewPassion,etc.TheprincipalkeyboardworksofthisperiodwereBookⅡofTheWell-TemperedClavierandthefourbooksofclavierpiecesintheClavierCibung,whichincludes:

sixpartitas（1726--1731）~theItalianConcertoandthePartitainBminor（1735）~andtheGoldbergVariations.

　Thebulkofhisworkisreligious.Inaddition,hecomposedanastonisingnumberofinstrumentalworks,manyofthemdesignedfortheinstructionofhisnumerouspupils.Inhisinstrumentalandchoralworksheperfectedtheartofpolyphony,displayinganunmatchedcombinationofinventivenessandcontrolinhisgreat,stridingfugues.Duringhislifetime,Bachwasbetterknownasanorganistthanasacomposer.Fordecadesafterhisdeathhisworkswereneglected,butinthe19thcenturyhisgeniuscametoberecognized,particularlybyromanticcomposerssuchasMendelssohnandSchumann.Sincethattimehisreputationhasgrownsteadily.

Ⅱ.

　1.N0,hishometownisSeattle,aseaportinwestcentralWashingtonStateonPugetSound.Seeparagragh4.

　2.ThesesignsshowthatNewYorkisnolongertheleadingcityintheUnitedStates.

　3.NewYorknolongerbegetsthestylesandsetstheisnolongerapaeesetter.

　4.Othercitieshavebuildingsmoreinspiredarchitecturally.Thecenterofmusicandsportshavealsoshiftedtoothercities.AsatouristattractionitisinferiortoNewOrlcans,SanFrancisco,WashingtonorDisneyland.Finally,therearemanybetercitiestoliveinthanNewYork.

　5.TheEuropeanscallNewYorktheirfavoritecitybecausetheylikeitscosmopolitancomplexities,itssurvivingEuropeanstandardsanditsalienmixtures.Perhapssomeofthesearereassuredbytheinternationalnamesofjewelers,shoestoresanddesignershops.ButwhatmostexcitesEuropeansisthecity'scharged,nervousatmosphere,itsvulgardynamism.

　6.TimwriterwenttoNewYorkbecausehelikestolivethereandhecouldpracticethekindofjournalismhewantedinthatcity.

　7.TheyoungpeoplegotoNewYorktotestthemselvesandtoavoidgivingintothemostbanalandmarketableoftheirtalents.InNewYorktheyalsofindthecompanyofmanyotheryoungpeoplesimilarlyfleeingfromtheconstrictingatmosphereofsmallercities.

　8.NewYorkisstillthebankingandcommunicationshead-quartersforAmerica.Thenetworks'newscentres,thelargestbookpublishers,thebiggestmagazines,theadagenciesareallhere,appraisingandratifyingthefilms,theplays,themusic,thebooksthatothershavecreated.

　9.Newcomerscanfindorformtheirlittlegroupsand,thoughthesegroupslieclosetoeachother,thereisnocontactorintercoursebetweengroups.Thisgivesthecityitssenseoffreedom.

　10.Despiteallt